NOVEL ELECTRONIC BRAKING SYSTEM DESIGN FOR EVS BASED ON CONSTRAINED NONLINEAR HIERARCHICAL CONTROL

Ronghui Zhang,Kening Li,Fan Yu,Zhaocheng He,Zhi Yu 한국자동차공학회 2017 International journal of automotive technology Vol.18 No.4

Both environment protection and energy saving have attracted more and more attention in the electric vehicles (EVs) field. In fact, regarding control performance, electric motor has more advantages over conventional internal combustion engine. To decouple the interaction force between vehicle and various coordinating and integrating active control subsystems and estimate the real-time friction force for Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS), this paper’s primary intention is uniform distribution of longitudinal tire-road friction force and control strategy for a Novel Anti-lock Braking System (Nov- ABS) which is designed to estimate and track not only any tire-road friction force, but the maximum tire-road friction force, based on the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS). The longitudinal tire-road friction force is computed through real-time measurement of breaking force and angular acceleration of wheels. The Magic Formula Tire Model can be expressed by the reference model. The evolution of the tire-road friction is described by the constrained active-set SQP algorithm with regard to wheel slip, and as a result, it is feasible to identify the key parameters of the Magic Formula Tire Model. Accordingly, Inverse Quadratic Interpolation method is a proper way to estimate the desired wheel slip in regards to the reference of tireroad friction force from the top layer. Then, this paper adapts the Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control method to construct proposed Nov-ABS. According to the simulation results, the objective control strategy turns out to be feasible and satisfactory.

Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway Accelerates the Repair of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Epiphysis through Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Perthes Disease

Yu Ronghui,Ma Cong,Li Guoyong,Xu Jianyun,Feng Dan,Lan Xia 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2023 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.20 No.3

BACKGROUND: Legg-Calve´-Perthes disease (LCPD) is still a refractory disease in children’s orthopedics. With the introduction of the concept of ‘‘osteoimmunology’’, the immune-inflammatory mechanisms between bone and immune system have become a research focus of LCPD. However, few studies have reported on the pathological role of inflammation- related receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as immune cells such as macrophages in LCPD. This study was for investigating the mechanism of TLR4 signaling pathway on the direction of macrophage polarization and the repair of avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis in LCPD. METHODS: With GSE57614 and GSE74089, differentially expressed genes were screened. Through enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction network, the functions of TLR4 were explored. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining, micro-CT, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) dyeing and western blotting were performed for determining the influences of TAK-242 (a TLR4 inhibitor) on the repair of avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis in rat models. RESULTS: Totally 40 co-expression genes were screened as well as enriched in TLR4 signaling pathway. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA analyses certified that TLR4 facilitated macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype and prevented macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Besides, the results of H&E and TRAP staining, micro-CT, and western blotting showed that TAK-242 can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and promote osteogenesis. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway accelerated the repair of avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis by regulating macrophage polarization in LCPD.

3D implementation of push-out test in ABAQUS using the phase-field method

Xianbin Yu,Ronghui Wang,Chunguang Dong,Jianyi Ji,Xiaoxia Zhen 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.4

The phase-field method (PFM) localizes the damaged and broken material in concrete with a phase-field order parameter d, successfully avoiding the description of nonsmooth crack surfaces, as well as the pre-setting and tracking of complex crack extension paths. However, most works have focused on 2D and simple 3D problems of non-reinforced concrete due to the high computational cost. A 3D PFM is implemented in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS to model damage and quasi-brittle fractures in composite beam concretes. The damage problem is implemented in the user subroutines UMAT and HETVAL on account of the similarity between the evolution law of the order parameter and the heat transfer law. In addition, a FORTRAN file is used to define the relationships among the material properties. Through this approach, modeling, computational task submission, and post-processing are completed in the GUI of ABAQUS, and the internal nonlinear algorithms are adopted directly. The accuracy of the modeling method is verified by comparing with two classical experimental data in the literature, and the maximum load data and load-displacement curve are well fitted. Moreover, a 3D numerical model for the push-out test of the composite beam is developed. Simulation results are consistent with the test results, such as the trend of the loaddisplacement curve, the damage pattern of the concrete, and the stress condition of the shear bolts. The parametric analysis shows that the compressive and tensile strengths of the shear bonds can significantly affect the load bearing capacity of composite beams, whereas the material parameters of concrete have a limited influence, consistent with the previous experience. The PFM has proven its ability to handle complex quasi-brittle fracture of concrete, and the present work can provide a reference for modeling concrete cracks in engineering structures.

Genetic diversity analysis in Chinese miniature pigs using swine leukocyte antigen complex microsatellites

Wu, Jinhua,Liu, Ronghui,Li, Hua,Yu, Hui,Yang, Yalan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.11

Objective: The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) gene group, which is closely linked and highly polymorphic, has important biomedical significance in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. However, genetic polymorphism analyses of SLA microsatellite markers in Chinese miniature pigs are limited. Methods: Eighteen pairs of microsatellite primers were used to amplify the SLA regions of seven miniature pig breeds and three wild boar breeds (n = 346) from different regions of China. The indexes of genetic polymorphism, including expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and haplotype, were analyzed. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) and neighbor-joining methods were used for cluster analysis of the breeds. Results: In miniature pigs, the SLA I region had the highest numbers of polymorphisms, followed by the SLA II and SLA III regions; the region near the centromere had the lowest number of polymorphisms. Among the seven miniature pig breeds, Diannan small-ear pigs had the highest genetic diversity (PIC value = 0.6396), whereas the genetic diversity of the Hebao pig was the lowest (PIC value = 0.4330). The Fst values in the Mingguang small-ear, Diannan small-ear, and Yunnan wild boars were less than 0.05. According to phylogenetic cluster analysis, the South-China-type miniature pigs clustered into one group, among which Mingguang small-ear pigs clustered with Diannan small-ear pigs. Haplotype analysis revealed that the SLA I, II, and III regions could be constructed into 13, 7, and 11 common haplotypes, respectively. Conclusion: This study validates the high genetic diversity of the Chinese miniature pig. Mingguang small-ear pigs have close kinship with Diannan small-ear pigs, implying that they may have similar genetic backgrounds and originate from the same population. This study also provides a foundation for genetic breeding, genetic resource protection, and classification of Chinese miniature pigs.