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Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates in Seoul, 2020-2022
Young-hee Jin,Young A Yu,송미옥,Eun Young Kwon,Jin-Kyoung Kim,Hyo-Sun Suh,So Yune Baek,Eun Sung Kim,Young Ok Hwang,jib-holee 대한미생물학회 2023 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.53 No.2
Salmonella enterica is the most representative water and foodborne diseasepathogen in Korea and worldwide. This study investigated the serotype distributionand antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated in Seoul between 2020 and2022. A total of 494 Salmonella strains were isolated in three years. The identifiedSalmonella strains showed 61 serotypes, the most common being Enteritids 138(27.9%), followed by I 4,[5],12:i:- 61 (12.3%), Typhimurium 57 (11.5.%), Infantis50 (10.1%), and Bareilly 27 (5.5%), which accounted for 67.4% of the totalserotypes. As a result of antimicrobial susceptibility test of Salmonella, theantimicrobials with high resistance rates were nalidixic acid (36%), ampicillin(33.2%), ampicillin/sulbactam (28.5%), tetracycline (26.1%). Characteristically,the antimicrobial resistance patterns were different for each serotypes, and I4,[5],12:i:- had the highest antimicrobial resistance rate among the majorserotypes. In addition, the pattern of antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR)showed a clear difference in serotypes. Serotype I 4,[5],12:i:- demonstrated thehighest MDR rate (77. 0%), and showed the most diverse types of resistance. Inconclusion, the characteristic of Salmonella isolated from Seoul during 2020-2022 is that various serotypes have been identified every year, and the proportionof Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- with high antimicrobial resistance is increasing comparedto Salmonella Typhimurim.
Stage and Tissue Specific Expression of Four TCR Subunits in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Young Mee Lee,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,황인준,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.4
TCR subunits are members of membrane-bound receptors which allow the fast and efficient elimination of the specific fish pathogens have regulated function in adaptive immunity. Sequence structure of TCR subunits have been reported for various teleosts, but the information of each TCR subunit functional characterization through expression analysis in fish was unknown. In this study, we examined the gene expression of TCR subunits in the early developmental stages and observed transcript levels in various tissues from healthy adult olive flounder by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of alpha subunit was already detected in the previous hatching step. But the transcripts of another TCR subunit were not observed during embryo development and increased after hatching and maintained until metamorphosis at the same level. It was found that all TCR subunits mRNAs are commonly expressed in the immune-related organ such as spleen, kidney and gill, also weak expressed in fin and eye. TCR alpha and beta subunit were expressed in brain, whereas gamma and delta were not expressed same tissue. The sequence alignment analysis shows that there are more than 80% sequence homology between TCR subunits. Because it has a high similarity of amino acid sequence to expect similar in function, but expression analysis show that will have may functional diversity due to different time and place of expression.
Jeong-HoLee,SuheeHong,Han-WooKim,Young-OkKim,Kyoung-KilKim 한국어병학회 2003 한국어병학회지 Vol.16 No.2
In this study, GFP reporter gene was transfected into a fibroblast cell line RTG2 using a polycationic transfection reagent (Superfect) and showed a successful expression of GFP. The transfection efficiency by Superfect was compared to the commonly used transfection method, i.e. DNA-calcium phosphate coprecipitation. Transfection by Superfect was more effective than calcium phosphate coprecipitation method (frequency of cell expressing GFP was 11.3% and 3.5%, respectively). The optimal expression of GFP and β-galactosidase was observed when 5-6 ㎕ of Superfect per ㎍ DNA was used for transfection, 1:5-6 ratio between DNA (㎍) and Superfect (㎕).
Hyun Yang,Young Mee Lee,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,In Joon Hwang,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.3
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of the commercial important flatfish species in Korea. The ocular signal transduction pathway is important in newly hatched flounders because it is closely involved in the initial feeding phase thus essential for survival during the juvenile period. However, the study of gene expression during ocular development is incomplete in olive flounder. Therefore we examined the expression analysis of specifically induced genes during the development of the visual system in newly hatched flounders. We searched ocular development-involved gene in the database of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from olive flounder eye and this gene similar to arrestin with a partial sequence homology. Microscopic observation of retinal formation corresponded with the time of expression of the arrestin gene in the developmental stage. These results suggest that arrestin plays a vital role in the visual signal transduction pathway of the retina during ocular development. The expression of arrestin was strong in the ocular system during the entirety of the development stages. Our findings regarding arrestin have important implications with respect to its biological role and evolution of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in olive flounder. Further studies are required on the GPCR-mediated signaling pathway and to decipher the functional role of arrestin.
Hyun Yang,Young Mee Lee,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,황인준,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.4
The innate immune system is the only defense weapon that invertebrates have, and it is the fundamental defense mechanism for fish. The innate immune response is important in newly hatched flounders because it is closely involved in the initial feeding phase, which is why it is essential for survival during the juvenile period. The expression analysis of genes involved in the innate immune response in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the days after hatching is incomplete. Therefore, we have begun to examine the expression patterns of genes specifically induced during the development of the innate immune system in newly hatched flounders. Microscopic observation showed that pronephron formation corresponded with the expression of perforin-encoding gene. These results suggest that perforin plays a vital role in the innate immunity of the kidney during developmental stages. Perforin expression was strong at the start of the development of the innate immune response, and continued throughout all the development stages. Our findings have important implications with respect to perforin’s biological role and the evolution of the first defense mechanisms in olive flounder. Further studies are required to elucidate the perforin-mediated innate immunity response and to decipher the functional role of perforin in developmental stages.
Jang-Wook Lee,Young Mee Lee,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,In Joon Hwang,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.4
Fish larvae are immediately exposed to microbes from hatching to maturation of their lymphoid organs, therefore effective innate mechanisms is very important for survival in such an environment. The key component of innate immune system, C3 is central protein of all activation pathways of the complement system, leading to inflammatory reactions, such as opsonisation, chemotaxis, and cell lysis of pathogens. Although, innate mechanisms is essential for survival in the early stage of development, little is known about defence mechanisms. In this study, the alignment analysis showed that amino acid sequence of C3 from olive flounder liver EST homologous to other known C3 sequences with 73-99% identity. Also, we examined the tissue distribution of olive flounder C3 and analyzed expression pattern from the fertilized egg until 28 days post hatching. As a result, olive flounder C3 mRNA was expressed only in the liver and the mRNA level more increased as developmental proceed during the early stage. These results may suggest that olive flounder C3 plays an important function in the early immune response of olive flounder larvae.