Antibacterial Effect of Eucalyptus Oil, Tea Tree Oil, Grapefruit Seed Extract, Potassium Sorbate, and Lactic Acid for the development of Feminine Cleansers

Yuk, Young Sam The Institute of Internet 2021 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: It has been reported that the diversity and abundance of microbes in the vagina decrease due to the use of antimicrobial agents, and the high recurrence rate of female vaginitis due to this suggests that a new treatment is needed. Methods: In the experiment, we detected that 10% potassium sorbate solution, 1% eucalyptus oil solution, 1% tea tree oil solution, 400 µL/10 mL grapefruit seed extract solution, 100% lactic acid, 10% acetic acid solution, and 10% lactic acid solution were prepared and used. After adjusting the pH to 4, 5, and 6 with lactic acid and acetic acid in the mixed culture medium, each bacterium was inoculated into the medium and incubated for 72 h at 35℃. Incubate and 0 h each. 24 h. 48 h. The number of bacteria was measured after 72 h. Results: In the mixed culture test between lactic acid bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria showed good results at pH 5-5.5. Potassium sorbate, which has varying antibacterial activity based on the pH, killed pathogenic bacteria and allowed lactic acid bacteria to survive at pH 5.5. Conclusion: The formulation ratio obtained through this study could be used for the development of a feminine cleanser that can be used as a substitute for antibacterial agents. Further, the findings of this study may be able to solve the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the future.

Antibacterial activity of grapefruit seed extract and seven kinds of essential and blended essential oils

Young Sam Yuk 중소기업융합학회 2021 융합정보논문지 Vol.11 No.6

본 배경 : 질염은 항생제를 복용하는 방식으로 치료를 하고 있으며, 이러한 항생제의 지속적인 치료는 내성을 유발할 수 있다. 연구 방법 : Lactic acid bacteria 2종에 에센셜 오일을 이용한 항균 활성을 보고자 한다. SE(Grapefruit Seed Extract), eucalyptus, tea tree, clove bud oil, cinnamon oil, lemongrass oil, thyme oil, ginger oil을 일정 비율로 넣어 배양 후, 병원성 미생물- E. coli, C. albicans와 Lactic acid bacteria은 균주에 맞는 배지를 사용하여 균 수를 측정 하였다. 결과 : Essential oil 7종과 GSE가 병원성 미생물에 억제 효과가 있으며, 병원성균(E. coli, C. albicans)에 대한 Grapefruit seed extract(GSE)의 억제농도를 확인하였다, 병원성균은 억제하고 Lactic acid bacteria는 억제하지 않는 배합비도 확인하였다(GSE 농도가 200ppm에서 Eucalyptus globulus(EG) oil 50㎕와 Melaleuca alternifolia oil(Tea tree oil, TTO) 50㎕(pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0)). 결론 : 본 실험에서 Essential oil은 다양한 항균 활성 가지고 있어 항생제 대안으 로도 생각할 수 있으며, 장기 항생제 치료환자에 대한 보조 항균제로서도 유용할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives: Antibiotics help treat Vaginitis, and prolonged usage of antibiotics can lead to resistance. Methods: This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of two types of lactic acid bacteria using essential oils. After cultivation by adding grapefruit seed extract (GSE), eucalyptus, tea tree, clove bud, cinnamon, lemongrass, thyme, and ginger oils in a specific ratio, pathogenic microorganisms, namely E. coli, C. albicans, and lactic acid bacteria were released. The number of bacteria was measured using a medium suitable for the strains. Results: The essential oils and GSE inhibited pathogenic microorganisms, and the inhibitory concentration of GSE against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, C. albicans) was confirmed. The non-inhibitory mixing ratio was also confirmed (50 μl of eucalyptus globulus (EG) oil and 50 μl of melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil, TTO) at 200 ppm GSE (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0)). Conclusion: Essential oils can be considered as an alternative to antibiotics because of their antibacterial properties. They are useful as auxiliary antibacterial agents for patients under long-term antibiotic treatment.

Comparison Of Antibacterial Activity Of 10 Essential Oils And Oxacillin Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Ji Eun Jeong,Young Sam Yuk,Jae Kyung Kim 중소기업융합학회 2022 융합정보논문지 Vol.12 No.2

다양한 연구가 에센셜 오일과 피부 상재균에 관한 초점을 맞추고 있지만, 에센셜 오일의 항균 특성과 미생 물에 대한 효능 비교 연구는 거의 없다. 이 연구에서 우리는 옥사실린을 대조군으로 사용하여 표피포도상구균에 대한 10가지 에센셜 오일의 항균 활성을 테스트했다. 두 가지 다른 농도에서 에센셜 오일과 표피포도상구균을 함유한 용액의 활성을 측정하기 위해 광학 밀도(OD)를 사용했다. 옥사실린에 비해 에센셜오일 3종(팔마로사, 레몬 그라스, 멜리사 트루)이 항균활성은 더 높았으나 농도는 항균활성에 미미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Although various studies have focused on the relationship between essential oils (EOs) and skin flora, there are only few comparative studies on the antibacterial properties of EOs and their efficacy against common microorganisms. In this study, we tested the antibacterial activity of 10 different EOs against Staphylococcus epidermidis(S. epidermidis) with oxacillin as control. Optical density was used to measure the activity of solutions containing the EOs and S. epidermidis at two different concentrations. Three EOs (palmarosa, lemongrass, and Mellissa True) had higher antibacterial activity than oxacillin, but their concentrations had negligible effect on antibacterial activity.

Optimization and Performance Evaluation for the Science Detector Systems of IGRINS

Ueejeong Jeong,Moo-Young Chun,Jae-sok Oh,Chan Park,Young Sam Yu,Heeyoung Oh,In-Soo Yuk,Kang-Min Kim,Kyeong Yeon Ko,Michael Pavel,Daniel T. Jaffe 한국천문학회 2014 天文學會報 Vol.39 No.2

서미스터 소자로의 응용을 위한 솔-젤법으로 제작한 (La_0.7Sr_0.3)(Mn_1-xFe_x)O₃ 박막의 구조적, 전기적 특성

육지수 ( Ji-su Yuk ),이삼행 ( Sam-haeng Yi ),이명규 ( Myung-gyu Lee ),박주석 ( Joo-seok Park ),김영곤 ( Young-gon Kim ),이성갑 ( Sung-gap Lee ) 한국전기전자재료학회 2024 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.37 No.2

(La0.7Sr0.3)(Mn1-xFex)O3 (LSMFO) (x = 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12) precursor solution are prepared by sol-gel method. LSMFO thin films are fabricated by the spin-coating method on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate, and the sintering temperature and time are 800℃ and 1 hr, respectively. The average thickness of the 6-times coated LSMFO films is about 181 to 190 nm and average grain size is about 18 to 20 nm. As the amount of Fe added in the LSMFO thin film increased, the resistivity decreased, and the TCR and B25/65-value increased. Electrical resistivity, TCR and B25/65-value of the (La0.7Sr0.3)(Mn0.88Fe0.12)O3 thin film are 0.0136 mΩ-cm, 0.358%/℃, and 328 K at room temperature, respectively. The resistivity properties of LSMFO thin films matched well with Mott’s VRH model.

StudIes on the Central Neural Pathway of Stomach and Zusanli(ST36)

Chang Hyun LEE,Han Sol JUNG,Tae Young LEE,Sang Ryoung LEE,Sang Won YUK,Kwang Gyu LEE,Byung Moon KO,Moo Sam LEE,Bong Hee LEE 대한체질인류학회 2000 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.43 No.-

ZnO/SiO₂ 나노 입자의 화학적 합성과 광촉매 및 항균성 특성에 관한 연구

김재욱,육영삼,김종규,Kim, Jae-Uk,Yuk, Young-Sam,Kim, Jong-Gyu 대한화학회 2017 대한화학회지 Vol.61 No.4

In this paper, a $ZnO/SiO_2$ nano-composite was prepared by a simple chemical method at room temperature. For the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), a sonochemical method was used, and $SiO_2$ NPs were prepared by precipitation method. The formation of $ZnO/SiO_2$ NCs was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy(FT-IR). The photocatalytic properties of $ZnO/SiO_2$ NCs formed at different concentrations of $SiO_2$ were evaluated by rhodamine-B dye. It was confirmed that increasing $SiO_2$ concentration resulted in an increase in the photocatalytic property. In addition, the antibacterial activity of $ZnO/SiO_2$ NCs was conducted against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As a result, the antibacterial activities of E.coli and S. aureus were increased in the presence of thick SiO NPs layer. 본 논문은 $ZnO/SiO_2$를 나노 복합체(nano-compositions : NCs) 크기로 상온에서 화학적 방법으로 합성하였다. ZnO는 초음파 합성법으로 제조를 하였으며, $SiO_2$는 침전 방법을 이용하여 제조 하였다. $ZnO/SiO_2$의 구조적인 특성을 파악하기 위해 X-선회절 분석기(XRD), 주사전자현미경(FE-SEM), 푸리에 변환 적외선 스펙트럼(FT-IR)를 이용하여 $ZnO/SiO_2$가 형성되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 광촉매적 특성을 판단하기 위해 $SiO_2$의 농도별로 제조된 $ZnO/SiO_2$를 Rhodamine-B 시약을 이용하여 광촉매 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 $SiO_2$의 농도가 증가할수록 광촉매 특성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 $ZnO/SiO_2$를 가지고 항균성 실험을 진행하였다. 실험에 사용된 균(cell)은 대장균(E. coli)과 황색포도상구균(S. aureus)이다. 표면의 $SiO_2$층에 따른 항균 성실험을 진행한 결과 $SiO_2$ 층이 증가 할수록 항균 효과가 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있다.

IGRINS NEAR-IR HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY OF MULTIPLE JETS AROUND LkH<i>α</i>234

Oh, Heeyoung,Pyo, Tae-Soo,Yuk, In-Soo,Park, Byeong-Gon,Park, Chan,Chun, Moo-Young,Pak, Soojong,Kim, Kang-Min,Oh, Jae Sok,Jeong, Ueejeong,Yu, Young Sam,Lee, Jae-Joon,Kim, Hwihyun,Hwang, Narae,Kaplan, K American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.817 No.2

<P>We present the results of high-resolution near-IR spectroscopy toward the multiple outflows around the Herbig Be star LkH alpha 234 using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. Previous studies indicate that the region around LkHa 234 is complex, with several embedded young stellar objects and the outflows associated with them. In simultaneous H- and K-band spectra from HH 167, we detected 5 [Fe II] and 14 H-2 emission lines. We revealed a new [Fe II] jet driven by radio continuum source VLA 3B. Position-velocity diagrams of the H-2 1-0 S(1) lambda 2.122 mu m line show multiple velocity peaks. The kinematics may be explained by a geometrical bow shock model. We detected a component of H-2 emission at the systemic velocity (V-LSR = -10.2 km s(-1)) along the whole slit in all slit positions, which may arise from the ambient photodissociation region. Low-velocity gas dominates the molecular hydrogen emission from knots A and B in HH 167, which is close to the systemic velocity; [Fe II] emission lines are detected farther from the systemic velocity, at V-LSR = -100--130 km s(-1). We infer that the H-2 emission arises from shocked gas entrained by a high-velocity outflow. Population diagrams of H-2 lines imply that the gas is thermalized at a temperature of 2500-3000 K and the emission results from shock excitation.</P>

THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHOCK STRUCTURE OF THE ORION KL OUTFLOW WITH IGRINS

Oh, Heeyoung,Pyo, Tae-Soo,Kaplan, Kyle,Yuk, In-Soo,Park, Byeong-Gon,Mace, Gregory,Park, Chan,Chun, Moo-Young,Pak, Soojong,Kim, Kang-Min,Oh, Jae Sok,Jeong, Ueejeong,Yu, Young Sam,Lee, Jae-Joon,Kim, Hwi American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.833 No.2

<P>We report a study of the three-dimensional (3D) outflow structure of a 15 '' x 13 '' area around the H-2 peak 1 in Orion KL with slit-scan observations (13 slits) using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. The datacubes have a high-velocity resolution (similar to 7.5 km s(-1)), provide high-contrast imaging within ultra-narrow bands, and enable the detection of the main stream of the previously reported H2 outflow fingers. We identified 31 distinct fingers in the H-2 1-0 S(1) lambda 2.122 mu m emission. The line profile at each finger shows multiple-velocity peaks with a strong low-velocity component around the systemic velocity at V-LSR = +8 km s(-1) and high-velocity emission (|V-LSR| = 45-135 km s(-1)), indicating a typical bow-shock. The observed radial velocity gradients of similar to 4 km s(-1) arcsec(-1) agree well with the velocities inferred from large-scale proper motions, where the projected motion is proportional to the distance from a common origin. We construct a conceptual 3D map of the fingers with estimated inclination angles of 57 degrees-74 degrees. The extinction difference (Delta A(v) > 10 mag) between blueshifted and redshifted fingers indicates high internal extinction. The extinction, the overall angular spread, and the scale of the flow argue for an ambient medium with a very high density (10(5)-10(6) cm(-3)), consistent with molecular line observations of the Orion Molecular Cloud core. The radial velocity gradients and the 3D distributions of the fingers together support the hypothesis of a simultaneous radial explosion of the Orion KL outflow.</P>

스핀-코팅법으로 제작한 K(Ta,Nb)O₃/Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ 이종층 박막의 전기 열량 효과

양영민,육지수,김지원,이삼행,박주석,김영곤,이성갑,Yang, Young-Min,Yuk, Ji-Soo,Kim, Ji-Won,Yi, Sam-Haeng,Park, Joo-Seok,Kim, Young-Gon,Lee, Sung-Gap 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.33 No.6

Heterolayered K(Ta,Nb)O₃/Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates were prepared by a sol-gel process and spin-coating method. The structural and electrical properties were measured to investigate the possibility of application as an electrocaloric effect device. All specimens exhibited dense and uniform cross-sectional structures without pores, and the average thickness of the specimen coated six times was approximately 394 nm. Curie temperatures were observed at 5℃ or less in type-I and 10℃ in type-II specimens, respectively. Type-II specimens coated 6 times showed a relative dielectric constant of 758 and remanent polarization of 9.71 μC/㎠ at room temperature. The maximum electrocaloric effect occurred between 20 and 25℃, slightly higher than their Curie temperature, and the electrocaloric property (ΔT) of the type-II specimens coated 6 times was approximately 1.2℃ at room temperature.