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이연리,김보경,최원호,김태경,이창권,배영민,조성일 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.14 No.-
Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by intracellular Ca^(2+) ([Ca^(2+)]_(i)) and the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). However, various kinds of vasoconstrictors induce a further contraction at a given [Ca^(2+)]_(i), and elicit a sustained contraction under Ca^(2+) -depleted conditions, referred to as "Ca^(2+) -sensitization", in intact and membrane-pen-neabilized smooth muscle. Previously, several molecules, including protein kinase C (PKC), RhoA, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), have been suggested as candidate regulators of Ca^(2+) -sensitization. In the present review, we describe the role of PKC, RhoA, and MAPK in the regulation of Ca^(2+) -sensitization, and suggest a new model in research for the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.
Lee, Youn-Ri,Lee, Chang-Kwon,Park, Hyo-Jun,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Jae-Heung,Lee, Keun-Sang,Lee, Yun-Lyul,Min, Kyung-Ok,Kim, Bo-Kyung Korean Physical Therapy Science 2006 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.13 No.2
Vascular smooth muscle contraction is mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, an isoform of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, the role of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in vascular smooth muscle contraction has not been defined. We investigated the role of JNK in the contractile response to norepinephrine (NE) in rat aortic smooth muscle. NE evoked contraction in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was inhibited by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. NE increased the phosphorylation of JNK, which was greater in aortic smooth muscle from hypertensive rats than from normotensive rats. NE-induced JNK phosphorylation was significantly inhibited by SP600125 and the conventional-type PKC (cPKC) inhibitor Go6976, but not by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Thymeleatoxin, a selective activator of cPKC, increased JNK phosphorylation, which was inhibited by $G{\ddot{o}}6976$. SP600125 attenuated the phosphorylation of caldesmon, an actin-binding protein whose phosphorylation is increased by NE. These results show that JNK contributes to NE-mediated contraction through phosphorylation of caldesmon in rat aortic smooth muscle, and that this effect is regulated by the PKC pathway, especially cPKC.
Lee, Mee-Ri,Son, Bu-Soon,Park, Yoo-Ri,Kim, Hye-Mi,Moon, Jong-Youn,Lee, Yong-Jin,Kim, Yong-Bae The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2012 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.45 No.6
Objectives: Stress is considered a causal factor in many diseases, allergic disease being one of them. The prevalence of allergic disease is increasing in Korea, but the relationship between allergic symptoms and stress is not empirically well known. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between allergy-related symptoms and stress in children and adolescents. Methods: We investigated 698 children and adolescents living in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood and the Psychosocial Well-being Index, these subjects were surveyed on allergy-related symptoms and psychosocial stressors in their lives, respectively. We used a multivariate logistic analysis for odds ratios for the complaint rate of allergic symptoms, after adjusting for age, gender, household income, body mass index, and residence. Results: After adjustments, lifetime rhinitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.024), rhinoconjunctivitis (OR, 1.090), diagnosis of itchy eczema (OR, 1.040), treatment of itchy eczema (OR, 1.049), 12-month allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.026), diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.031), and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.034) were found to be significantly associated with stress. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that there is a relationship between stress and allergic symptoms in children and adolescents. Further research into any causal relationship between stress and allergies, as well as preventative public health plans for decreasing stress in children and adolescents are needed.
Hypoglycemic Effects of Germinated Rough Rice Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Youn Ri Lee,In Guk Hwang,Koan Sik Woo,Hyun Young Kim,Dong Sik Park,Jae Hyun Kim ,Yun Bae Kim,Junsoo Lee,Heon Sang Jeong 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.16 No.3
The hypoglycemic effects of germinated rough rice extract in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Weight gain was significantly lower in the diabetic groups than in the normal control (NC); however, they were higher in the 1% and 3% diabetic groups given germinated Goami2 rough rice extract (DM-3%GGRRE) than in the diabetic control (DC). While food intake in all diabetic groups was significantly higher than that of the NC, there was no significant difference among all diabetic groups. The weight percentages of liver and kidney in all diabetic groups were significantly higher than that of the NC. In terms of blood glucose, the diabetic group showed about a three times larger value than the normal group. Moreover, in the 3% germinated rough rice extract group, the blood glucose level became lowered. The levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine phosphokinsae, and creatinine increased in general with the induction of diabetes using STZ; however, the 3% GGRRE-treated group displayed a significant decrease in these levels compared to the diabetic group. The results show that the 3% GGRRE, rather than the 1% GGRRE, was considerably more effective at reducing blood glucose and improving impaired glucose tolerance, suggesting the germinated rice extracts may play a role in preventing liver and kidney damage.
Lee, Soo Youn,Shin, Woo-Ri,Sekhon, Simranjeet Singh,Lee, Jin-Pyo,Kim, Young-Chang,Ahn, Ji-Young,Kim, Yang-Hoon American Chemical Society 2018 ACS Combinatorial Science Vol.20 No.7
<P>Bacterial exopolymer Levan (β-(2,6) polyfructan) synthesized by levansucrase has attracted interest for various applications due to its low intrinsic viscosity compared with other polysaccharides. We report a novel levansucrase (Lsc) isolated from <I>Sphingobium chunbukense</I> DJ77 and verify its biochemical characteristics by comparative analysis of molecular docking analysis (MOE) and catalytic residue analysis. The complete sequence of the Lsc encoding gene (<I>lsc</I>) was cloned under the direction of the T7 promoter and purified in an <I>Escherichia coli</I> BL21 (DE3) protein expression system. The enzyme activity analysis and ligand docking MOE study of <I>S. chungbukense</I> DJ77 Lsc revealed that Arg 77, Ser112, Arg 195, Asp196, Glu257, and Gln275 were involved in the sucrose binding and splitting as well as transfructosylation activity. A catalytic comparison of Lsc of <I>S. chungbukense</I> DJ77 with the results of site-directed mutational analysis indicated that Gln275 may coordinate a favorable substrate binding environment, offering broad pH resistance in the range of 5-10. The results suggest that the recombinant <I>E. coli</I> carrying <I>S. chungbukense</I> DJ77 Lsc might produce levan under the regular growth conditions with less need for pH manipulation.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Evaluation of Heat Processing Temperature and Time on Functional Properties of Garlic Juice
Youn Ri Lee,Yun Kyoung Lee,In Guk Hwang,Koan Sik Woo,Chung Su Han,Heon Sang Jeong 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.13 No.4
To develop a functional juice using garlic (Allium sativum L.), heated garlic juice was investigated using a central composite design set with variables of treatment temperature (110, 115, 120, 125, and 130℃) and time (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr) using high temperature and pressure treatment apparatuses. Total soluble solid, total acidity, reducing sugar, total pholyphenol contents, electron donating activity (EDA), and ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) in heated garlic juice were increased with increasing heating temperature and time. The highest total soluble solid content was 17.81 obrix at 123.10℃ for 1.10 hr. The highest total acidity was 1.43% at 127.35℃ for 4.35 hr. The highest reducing sugar content was 86.67 ㎎/mL at 119.90℃ for 4.35 hr. The highest total polyphenol content was 8.42 ㎎/mL at 127.75℃ for 4.26 hr. The highest EDA and AEAC were 60.09%, and 7.40 ㎎ AA eq/mL at 127.85℃ for 4.23 hr, and 128.10℃ for 4.18 hr, respectively.