Progress in technology for diagnosis and treatment monitoring

( Yasuhito Tanaka ) 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3(S)

ON THE EFFECTS OF COMMODITY TAX UNDER FREE ENTRY OLIGOPOLY IN THE PRESENCE OF EXPORT MARKET

TANAKA, YASUHITO 한국국제경제학회 1992 International Economic Journal Vol.6 No.3

If the inverse demand function in the domestic country is concave, or it is not too convex even if it is convex, a small specific commodity tax raises the social welfare in the domestic country and lowers the welfare of the foreign consumers, and the optimal tax for the domestic country is positive. The presence of an export market enlarges the possibility that a specific commodity tax raises the social welfare in the domestic country at the sacrifice of the welfare of the foreign consumers.

Machine-Readable Dictionary Headwords

( Yasuhito Tanaka ),( Kenji Kita ) 한국언어정보학회 1998 국제 워크샵 Vol.1998 No.-

Selecting headwords is an important problem in developing a dictionary. We have analyzed several machine-readable dictionaries and large volumes of corpora in our aim of developing an extensive machine-readable dictionary with one million headwords. This paper shows analysis and comparison of results and discusses how we collect, sort and allocate information to the dictionary headwords.

Probing new physics withq2distributions inB¯→D(*)τν¯

Sakaki, Yasuhito,Tanaka, Minoru,Tayduganov, Andrey,Watanabe, Ryoutaro American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.91 No.11

Novel biomarkers for the management of chronic hepatitis B

Takako Inoue,Yasuhito Tanaka 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.3

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot be eliminated completely from infected hepatocytes because of the presence of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). As chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is important to manage CHB to prevent HCC development in high-risk patients with high viral replicative activity or advanced fibrosis. Serum biomarkers are noninvasive and valuable for the management of CHB. Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with serum HBV DNA and intrahepatic cccDNA. In CHB patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA or loss of HBsAg, HBcrAg still can be detected and the decrease in HBcrAg levels is significantly associated with hopeful outcomes. Therefore, HBcrAg can predict HCC occurrence or recurrence. Measurement of the Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) has been introduced for the evaluation of liver fibrosis. Because elevated M2BPGi in CHB is related to liver fibrosis and the prediction of HCC development, monitoring its progression is essential. Because alpha fetoprotein (AFP) has insufficient sensitivity and specificity for early-stage HCC, a combination of AFP plus protein induced by vitamin K absence factor II, or AFP plus Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein might improve the diagnosis of HCC development. Additionally, Dickkopf-1 and circulating immunoglobulin G antibodies are the novel markers to diagnose HCC or assess HCC prognosis. This review provides an overview of novel HBV biomarkers used for the management of intrahepatic viral replicative activity, liver fibrosis, and HCC development.

Competitiveness and Subsidy or Tax Policy for New Technology Adoption in Duopoly

Masahiko Hattori,Yasuhito Tanaka 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2017 Global economic review Vol.46 No.1

We consider a problem of subsidy or tax policy for new technology adoption by duopolistic firms. The technology is developed in and transferred by a foreign country to the domestic country. It is free but each firm must expend some fixed set-up cost for education of its staff to adopt and use it. Assuming that each firm maximizes the weighted average of absolute and relative profits, we examine the relationship between competitiveness and subsidy or tax policies for technology adoption, and show that when firm behavior is not competitive (the weight on the relative profit is small), the optimal policy of the government may be taxation; when firm behavior is competitive (the weight on the relative profit is large), the optimal policy is subsidization or inaction and not taxation. However, if firm behavior is extremely competitive (close to perfect competition), taxation case re-emerges.

The distribution pattern of the dorsal cutaneous nerves of the foot and its clinical implications

Chirapat Inchai,Tanawat Vaseenon,Yasuhito Tanaka,Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.2

Iatrogenic injury to subcutaneous nerves on the dorsum of the foot is an established risk factor during the surgical procedures resulting in postoperative pain, sensation loss and painful neuroma. Previous studies have reported on the distribution pattern of the superficial peroneal, deep peroneal and sural nerves (SNs) and their branches with various classifications about specific populations. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the distribution pattern and classification of the nerves on the dorsum of the foot and analyze the location of these nerves into five zones with clinical implications. Fifty-four lower limbs of fresh frozen cadavers were used in the present study. The anatomical patterns of the superficial peroneal, deep peroneal, SN and their branches were classified into eight, two and five patterns respectively. Type VI pattern, a classic distribution pattern of the superficial peroneal nerve was the most frequent type with a prevalence of 13 limbs (25.00%). In Zone 5, where the arthroscopic portal placements for the first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis, 29 limbs (55.77%) showed three nerve branches located in this zone. The results of the present study provide anatomical knowledge that may help the surgeon to choose the appropriate treatment for their patients and reducing the rate of complications in surgery.

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema Associated with Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery

Hideki Shigematsu,Masana Yoneda,Yasuhito Tanaka 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.6

We report a very rare case of negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) that occurred immediately after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The patient was a 25-year-old man who sustained a facet fracture–dislocation of C5 during a traffic accident. After ACDF, he developed NPPE and needed mechanical ventilation. Fortunately, he recovered fully within 24 hours. NPPE is a rare postoperative complication that may occur after cervical spine surgery. The aims of this report are to present information regarding the diagnosis and emergent treatment of NPPE, and to review the previous literature regarding this serious complication.

Hepatitis B core-related antigen: A novel and promising surrogate biomarker to guide anti-hepatitis B virus therapy

Takako Inoue,Takehisa Watanabe,Yasuhito Tanaka 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.4

The current requirement for biomarkers to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is polarized. One is a fully-automated and highly sensitive measurement system; the other is a simple system for point-of-care testing (POCT) in resource-limited areas. Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) reflects intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA and serum HBV DNA. Even in patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA or HBsAg loss, HBcrAg may remain detectable. Decreased HBcrAg levels are associated with reduction of the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B. Recently, a fully-automated, novel high-sensitivity HBcrAg assay (iTACT-HBcrAg, cut-off value: 2.1 logIU/mL) has been developed. This attractive assay has been released in Japan very recently. iTACT-HBcrAg can be useful for monitoring HBV reactivation and prediction of HCC occurrence, as an alternative to HBV DNA. Moreover, monitoring HBcrAg may be suitable for determining the therapeutic effectiveness of approved drugs and novel drugs under development. Presently, international guidelines recommend anti-HBV prophylaxis for pregnant women with high viral loads to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, >95% of HBV-infected individuals live in countries where HBV DNA quantification is not available. Worldwide elimination of HBV needs the scaling-up of examination and medication services in resource-limited areas. Based on this situation, a rapid and easy HBcrAg assay as a POCT is valuable. This review provides the latest information regarding the clinical use of a new surrogate marker, HBcrAg, in HBV management, based on iTACT-HBcrAg or POCT, and introduces novel agents targeting HBV RNA/protein.

Chlorophyll Degradation and Light-harvesting Complex II Aggregate Formation During Dark-induced Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis Pheophytinase Mutants

양영남,Rana B. Safarova,박소연,Yasuhito Sakuraba,오민혁,Ismayil S. Zulfugarov,이신범,Ayumi Tanaka,백남천,이춘환 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.1

The stay-green mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana,ore10 forms stable light-harvesting complex II (LHCII)aggregates during dark-induced senescence, which showed asingle base deletion (G1351) in the coding region of thepheophytinase (PPH) gene. PPH specifically dephytylatesthe Mg-free chlorophyll (Chl) pigment pheophytin, yieldingpheophorbide. In both ore10 and pph-1 mutants, pheophytina accumulated due to the deficiency of PPH gene, but theamount was relatively smaller than that of degraded Chl, andmost of the pheophytin a was bound to the stable LHCIIforming aggregates with some other Chl-protein (CP)complexes. Comparison of Chl a/b ratios in thylakoids,aggregates, and LHCII indicated that the suppression of Chlb to Chl a conversion was stronger when Chl b reductasewas missing and weak when PPH is missing in the large Chlcatabolic complex, which allowed the partial degradation ofChl b. These results suggest that the PPH-dependent pathway isnot specific for LHCII, but common for all CP complexes,including LHCII. In PPH-deficient mutants, the degradationof LHCII was suppressed by the formation of aggregates,and some of the remaining CP complexes and pheophytin awere included in the aggregates. Non-included CP complexeswere degraded via an unknown mechanism.