Penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose induces p53 and inhibits STAT3 in prostate cancer cells in vitro and suppresses prostate xenograft tumor growth in vivo.

Hu, Hongbo,Lee, Hyo-Jeong,Jiang, Cheng,Zhang, Jinhui,Wang, Lei,Zhao, Yan,Xiang, Qiu,Lee, Eun-Ok,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Lü,, Junxuan American Association for Cancer Research, Inc 2008 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.7 No.9

<P>Penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a naturally occurring gallotannin from some Oriental herbs. Several cell culture studies suggested a potential for PGG as a novel agent for the chemoprevention and treatment of cancer. Here, we investigated the cell death signaling mechanisms induced by PGG in human prostate cancer cells of different p53 functional status. We observed the induction of G(1)- and S-phase arrests and caspase-mediated apoptosis in the androgen-dependent human LNCaP cells, which express wild-type p53, and in the androgen-independent, p53-mutant DU145 cells. In LNCaP cells, caspase-mediated apoptosis induction by PGG was associated with and mediated in major part by activation of p53 as established through small interfering RNA knockdown and dominant-negative mutant approaches. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production by PGG was found to be crucial for these molecular and cellular actions. In DU145 cells, which harbor constitutively active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), caspase-mediated apoptosis induction by PGG was associated with an inhibition of STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation and the down-regulation of STAT3 transcriptional targets Bcl-XL and Mcl-1. Overexpression of Bcl-XL or knockdown of its binding partner Bak attenuated apoptosis induction. Furthermore, we provide, for the first time, in vivo data that PGG significantly inhibited DU145 xenograft growth in an athymic nude mouse model in association with an inhibition of pSTAT3. Our data support PGG as a multitargeting agent for chemoprevention and therapy of prostate cancer by activating the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and by inhibiting STAT3 oncogenic signaling.</P>

ROUTE-BASED ADAPTIVE OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

B. YAN,Y. Q. HU,T. YAN,P. P. MA,L. YANG 한국자동차공학회 2014 International journal of automotive technology Vol.15 No.7

Compared with real-time control, global optimization has a great advantage to improve the fuel economy dueto considering the whole drive condition in advance. However, on-board controller doesn’t support the global optimizationwith a large amount of calculation. Remote data communicating technology provides a platform to make global optimizationapplied to on-board control at a pre-known driving cycle. In this paper, a route-based optimal control strategy for the real-timeenergy management of parallel hybrid electric vehicles is developed. The proposed control strategy employs computers tooptimize the power-split and engine stop-start control based on the minimum principle at a predicted driving cycle. Guidingcontroller provides real-time control with CAN bus communication. The experiment results prove the proposed strategy hasa 10% fuel economy improvement than rule-based control strategy

Apomixis and Polyploidy of Ornamental Crabapple Cultivars

Xiao L. Qu,Ling Guo,Zhi Q. Mao,Yan L. Hu,Xiang Shen 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity in broilers

Liu, J.B.,Yan, H.L.,Zhang, Y.,Hu, Y.D.,Zhang, H.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.4

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Methods: A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize. Results: The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H₅N₁ titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42. Conclusion: Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.

Effects of absorbents on growth performance, blood profiles and liver gene expression in broilers fed diets naturally contaminated with aflatoxin

Liu, J.B.,Yan, H.L.,Cao, S.C.,Hu, Y.D.,Zhang, H.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.2

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the absorbent (a mixture of activated carbon and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate) on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic genes expression in broilers fed diets naturally contaminated with aflatoxin. Methods: A total of 1,200 one-day-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 10 replicate cages per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: i) control (basal diets); ii) 50% contaminated corn; iii) 100% contaminated corn; iv) control+1% adsorbent; v) 50% contaminated corn+1% absorbent; vi) 100% contaminated corn+1% absorbent. Results: During d 1 to 21, feeding contaminated diets reduced (p<0.05) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but increased (p<0.05) feed-to-gain ratio (F/G). The absorbent supplementation increased (p<0.05) BW, ADG, and ADFI. There were interactions (p<0.05) in BW, ADG, and ADFI between contaminated corn and absorbent. Overall, birds fed 100% contaminated diets had lower (p<0.05) final BW and ADG, but higher (p<0.05) F/G compared to those fed control diets. The absorbent addition increased (p<0.05) serum albumin concentration on d 14 and 28 and total protein (TP) level on d 28, decreased (p<0.05) alanine transaminase activity on d 14 and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase on d 28. Feeding contaminated diets reduced (p<0.05) hepatic TP content on d 28 and 42. The contaminated diets upregulated (p<0.05) expression of interleukin-6, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but downregulated (p<0.05) glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression in liver. The absorbent supplementation increased (p<0.05) interleukin-1β, CAT, SOD, cytochrome P450 1A1 and GST expression in liver. There were interactions (p<0.05) in the expression of hepatic CAT, SOD, and GST between contaminated corn and absorbent. Conclusion: The results suggest that the naturally aflatoxin-contaminated corn depressed growth performance, while the adsorbent could partially attenuate the adverse effects of aflatoxin on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic genes expression in broilers.

Modification of a Smoking Motivation Questionnaire for Chinese Medical Students

Jiang, Chao,Sun, Wen-Jie,Wan, Yan-Chun,Wei, Ming-Wei,Mu, Yong-Ping,Tarver, Siobhan L.,Gao, Yong-Qing,Hu, Tian,Xu, Chao,Gordon, James,Feng, Cindy Xin,Wen, Yu-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Introduction: Smoking prevalence among the medical students is high in China. Therefore, understanding the smoking motivations of medical students is crucial for smoking control, but currently there are no scales questionnaires customized for probing the smoking motivations of medical students. This aim of study was to test and modify a questionnaire for investigating smoking motivations among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,125 medical students at Xuzhou Medical College in China in 2012.The model fit and validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the reliability was tested by single-item reliability, composite reliability, and item-total correlation. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 9.84 % among study population. In the modified scales, the global fit indices identified a CFI value of 0.96, TLI was 0.96, and the RMSEA was 0.063. CFA supported the two dimensional structure of the instrument. The average variance extracted ranged from 0.45 to 0.62. All single-item reliability scores were greater than 0.20, and the composite reliability ranged from 0.74 to 0.91. Conclusion: Modified scales could be the preliminary instrument used in evaluating the smoking motivations of medical students. However, it should be further assessed using other forms and methods of validity and reliability, additional motivations of smoking, and the survey of other medical colleges in China.

IL10 and TNF variants and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among three Asian populations

Hosgood III, H. Dean,Au, Wing-Yan,Kim, Hee Nam,Liu, Jie,Hu, Wei,Tse, Jovic,Song, Bao,Wong, Kit-fai,Lee, Je-Jung,Chanock, Stephen J.,Siu, L. P.,Purdue, Mark P.,Shin, Min-ho,Yu, Jinming,Liang, Raymond,K Springer-Verlag 2013 International journal of hematology Vol.97 No.6

<P>Genetic variation in immune-related genes, such as IL10 and TNF, have been associated with the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Caucasian populations. To test the hypothesis that IL10 and TNF polymorphisms may be associated with NHL risk in Asian populations, we genotyped 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL10 and TNF/LTA loci in three independent case-control studies (2635 cases and 4234 controls). IL10 rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 were genotyped in all three studies, while 5 of the remaining SNPs were genotyped in two studies, and 12 in a single study. IL10 rs1800896 was associated with B cell lymphoma [per-allele odds ratio (OR)?=?1.25, 95?% confidence interval (CI)?1.08-1.45; p trend?=?0.003], specifically diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (per-allele OR?=?1.29, 95?% CI?1.08-1.53; p trend?=?0.004), as well as T cell lymphoma (per-allele OR?=?1.44, 95?% CI?1.13-1.82; p trend?=?0.003). TNF rs1800629, which was genotyped in only two of our studies, was also associated with B cell lymphoma (per-allele OR?=?0.77, 95?% CI?0.64-0.91; p trend?=?0.003), specifically DLBCL (per-allele OR?=?0.69, 95?% CI?0.55-0.86; p trend?=?0.001). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in IL10 and TNF may also play a role in lymphomagenesis in Asian populations.</P>

Mediation analysis of leisure activities on the association between cognitive function and mortality: longitudinal study of 42,942 Chinese adults 65 years and older

Chen Xingxing,Zhang Xian,Long Tingxi,Wu Wenfan,Hu Rundong,Jin Xurui,Yan Lijing L,Yao Yao,Wenyu Zhu 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have established associations of cognitive function and leisure activities with mortality. This study aimed to evaluate whether leisure activities causally mediate these associations. METHODS: This longitudinal study included 42,246 participants aged over 65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The Mini-Mental State Examination and a self-reported scale were used to measure cognitive status and leisure activities, respectively. We examined the associations of cognitive function and leisure activities with mortality using Cox proportional hazards models. Causal mediation analysis was used to assess whether leisure activities mediated the association between cognitive function and mortality. RESULTS: Cognitive function and leisure activities were inversely associated with mortality. Leisure activities accounted for 28.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.6 to 31.1) of the total effect (TE) of cognitive function and mortality. A higher mediated proportion (PM) was observed for physical leisure activities (PM, 20.1%; 95% CI, 18.0 to 22.3) than for social leisure activities (PM, 17.7%; 95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7). The mediating effect was higher among participants at younger ages (PM, 41.5%; 95% CI, 21.3 to 65.4), those with higher education levels (PM, 30.5%; 95% CI, 25.3 to 36.2), and residents of rural China (PM, 42.5%; 95% CI, 25.4 to 62.5). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive function was associated with inverse mortality. Leisure activities significantly mediated this association. Participation in leisure activities at the early stages of mild cognitive impairment could reduce the risk of mortality, which has a major impact on interventional strategies for healthy aging.

Mediation analysis of leisure activities on the association between cognitive function and mortality: a longitudinal study of 42,942 Chinese adults 65 years and older

Xingxing Chen,Wenfan Wu,Xian Zhang,Tingxi Long,Wenyu Zhu,Rundong Hu,Xurui Jin,Lijing L. Yan,Yao Yao 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

study aimed to evaluate whether leisure activities causally mediate these associations. METHODS This longitudinal study included 42,246 participants aged over 65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The Mini-Mental State Examination and a self-reported scale were used to measure cognitive status and leisure activities, respectively. We examined the associations of cognitive function and leisure activities with mortality using Cox proportional hazards models. Causal mediation analysis was used to assess whether leisure activities mediated the association between cognitive function and mortality. RESULTS Cognitive function and leisure activities were inversely associated with mortality. Leisure activities accounted for 28.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.6 to 31.1) of the total effect of cognitive function and mortality. A higher mediated proportion (PM) was observed for physical leisure activities (PM, 20.1%; 95% CI, 18.0 to 22.3) than for social leisure activities (PM, 17.7%; 95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7). The mediating effect was higher among participants at younger ages (PM, 41.5%; 95% CI, 21.3 to 65.4), those with higher education levels (PM, 30.5%; 95% CI, 25.3 to 36.2), and residents of rural China (PM, 42.5%; 95% CI, 25.4 to 62.5). CONCLUSIONS Cognitive function was associated with inverse mortality. Leisure activities significantly mediated this association. Participation in leisure activities at the early stages of mild cognitive impairment could reduce the risk of mortality, which has a major impact on interventional strategies for healthy aging.