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S.M. Kwa,S. Ramesh,L.T. Bang,Y.H. Wong,W.J. Kelvin Chew,C.Y. Tan,J. Purbolaksono,H. Misran,W.D. Teng 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2015 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.16 No.2
The sintering of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) is commonly carried at a predefined temperature using a long holding time of 2 hours. This often has resulted in grain coarsening which affects the mechanical properties of the sintered body and low temperature degradation (LTD) behaviour of the ceramic when exposed to moist environment. In this research, the effect of using a short holding time of 1 min. during sintering coupled with small amounts (0.5 and 1 wt%) of manganese oxide, MnO2 as dopant on the mechanical properties and LTD behaviour of 3 mol% Y-TZP were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties improved significantly with the addition of 0.5 wt% MnO2 for the 1-min. and 12-min. holding time samples when compared to 2 hours holding time sintered at the same temperature of 1350 ℃. Nevertheless, regardless of the holding time employed, the 1 wt% MnO2 addition was not effective in improving the mechanical properties and ageing resistance of Y-TZP ceramic.
C.H. Ting,S. Ramesh,C.Y. Tan,N.I. Zainal Abidin,W.D. Teng,I. Urriés,L.T. Bang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.8
In the present work, the effect of low temperature sintering, focusing on varying the sintering holding times on the mechanicalproperties, microstructure and low temperature degradation behavior of undoped and MnO2-doped Y-TZP ceramics wereinvestigated. Green samples were sintered at temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1250 oC at varying holding times rangingfrom 12 min. to 480 min. The sintered bodies were characterized in terms of bulk density, Vickers hardness, fracturetoughness, phase stability and grain size. The results indicated that the relative density of above 95%, Vickers hardness of 14GPa and fracture toughness of 5 MPam1/2 were obtained when sintered at lower sintering temperature (below 1250 oC) andlonger sintering times for MnO2-doped Y-TZP samples. Grain growth was marginal and the average grain size of all samplesranged between 0.14 and 0.28 µm. The results indicated that the grain growth kinetics was influenced mainly by the sinteringtemperature and not by the sintering holding time. The addition of MnO2 was found to be beneficial in enhancing densificationand mechanical properties of Y-TZP particularly at low sintering temperature of 1100 oC and low holding time of 12 min. Thelow-temperature degradation experiment conducted in superheated steam indicated that all the samples did not transformedto the monoclinic symmetry, attributed mainly to the lower grain size sintered at relatively low sintering temperatures
손영택,박미영,김상린,단현광 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2003 藥學論文誌 Vol.14 No.1
Cefaclor is a semisynthetic cephalosporin for oral administration. It is absorbed 50∼75% after oral administration and having a biological half life of 0.6∼0.9hours. To maintain therapeutic range, the drug should be administrated 3∼4 times a day, which leads to the saw both kinetic of the absorption and resulting in ineffective therapy. Hence many authors attempted to develop sustained/extended release dosage forms for cefaclor in order to achieve effective administrated regimens. In this study we attempted to formulate cefaclor sustained release tablet by using HPMC(hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and vinyl pyrrolidone vinyl acetate complex, which can provide convenient administration and are economic and the drug release from HPMC matrix is uniform irrespective of the pH. The cefaclor sustained release tablets were prepared by wet granulation techinique. The wet granules were dried at 50℃ for 5 hours in a tray drier. The dried granules were passed through sieve #20, lubricated with magnesium stearate by mixing in rapid mixer granulator and compressed using 7kgf/cm² punch to get tablets. In vitro release of cefaclor form formulated tablets was carried out in 0.1N HCl for 30 minute at 37±0.5℃ and 100rpm. The formulated cefaclor tablets were kept for a short term accelerated stability study in high temperature at 20℃, 50℃ for 4 weeks. And the formulation 16 18 carried out long term stability study for 24 months.
Inhibition of Rebar Corrosion by Carbonate and Molybdate Anions
( Y. T. Tan ),( S. L. Wijesinghe ),( D. J. Blackwood ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.4
Bicarbonate/carbonate and molybdate anions have been characterized for their inhibitive effect on pitting corrosion of carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solution by using electrochemical tests such as electrochemical impedance (EIS) and linear polarization (LP). It was revealed that bicarbonate/carbonate has a weak inhibitive effect on pitting corrosion that is approximately one order of magnitude lower compared to hydroxide. Molybdate is effective against pitting corrosion induced by the concentration of chloride as low as 113 mM and can increase the pitting potential of a previously pitted sample to the oxygen evolution potential by the concentration of molybdate as much as 14.6 mM only. The formation of a CaMoO4 film on the surface hinders the reduction of dissolved oxygen on the steel surface, reducing corrosion potential and increasing the safety margin between corrosion potential and pitting potential further. In addition, pore-plugging by FeMoO4 as a type of salt film within pits increases the likelihood of repassivation.
Chang, Y.T.,Coombs, G.,Ling, T.,Balaji, V.,Rodrigues, C.,Mikamo, H.,Kim, M.J.,Rajasekaram, D.G.,Mendoza, M.,Tan, T.Y.,Kiratisin, P.,Ni, Y.,Barry, W.,Xu, Y.,Chen, Y.H.,Hsueh, P.R. Elsevier Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Pub 2017 International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents Vol.49 No.6
This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) from 2010-2013. A total of 17 350 isolates were collected from 54 centres in 13 countries in the APR. The three most commonly isolated GNB were Escherichia coli (46.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%). Overall, the rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 38.2% and 24.3%, respectively, and they were highest in China (66.6% and 38.7%, respectively), Thailand (49.8% and 36.5%, respectively) and Vietnam (47.9% and 30.4%, respectively). During 2010-2013, the rates of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates causing community-associated (CA) IAIs (collected <48@?h after admission) were 26.0% and 13.5%, respectively, and those causing hospital-associated (HA) IAIs were 48.0% and 30.6%, respectively. Amikacin, ertapenem and imipenem were the most effective agents against ESBL-producing isolates. Piperacillin/tazobactam displayed good in vitro activity (91.4%) against CA ESBL-producing E. coli. For other commonly isolated Enterobacteriaceae, fluoroquinolones, cefepime and carbapenems exhibited better in vitro activities than third-generation cephalosporins. Amikacin possessed high in vitro activity against all GNB isolates (>80%) causing IAIs, except for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex (30.9% for HA-IAI isolates). All of the antimicrobial agents tested exhibited <45% in vitro activity against ACB complex. Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent threat in the APR and continuous monitoring of evolutionary trends in the susceptibility patterns of GNB causing IAIs in this region is mandatory.
Anti-VEGF therapy in mRCC: differences between Asian and non-Asian patients
Wang, Y,Choueiri, T K,Lee, J-L,Tan, M-H,Rha, S Y,North, S A,Kollmannsberger, C K,McDermott, D F,Heng, D Y C Nature Publishing Group 2014 The British journal of cancer Vol.110 No.6
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Several reports suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) may be more toxic in Asian <I>vs</I> non-Asian populations. Comparative efficacy of these agents with respect to ethnicity is not well characterised.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>A multicentre, retrospective, cohort study using Asian and non-Asian centres which collected data on ethnicity, dose reductions and outcomes using the International mRCC Database Consortium.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>This study included 1024 (464 Asian, 560 non-Asian) patients with a 29.4 months median follow-up. The percentage of dose modifications/reductions between non-Asians and Asians was similar (55% <I>vs</I> 61% <I>P</I>=0.1197). When adjusted for risk groups, there was no difference in overall or progression-free survival between non-Asians and Asians. Patients with dose reductions due to toxicity had longer treatment durations and overall survival than those who did not in both non-Asian (10.6 <I>vs</I> 5.0 months, <I>P</I><0.0001; 22.6 <I>vs</I> 16.1 months, <I>P</I>=0.0016, respectively) and Asian populations (8.9 <I>vs</I> 5.4 months, <I>P</I>=0.0028; 28.0 <I>vs</I> 18.7 months, <I>P</I>=0.0069, respectively).</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Adjusting for risk groups, there appears to be no difference in outcome between Asian <I>vs</I> non-Asian patients with mRCC treated with VEGF-targeted therapy. Judicious dose reductions may allow for better outcomes in both populations due to longer treatment durations, but direct comparisons are needed.</P>
Heng, D. Y. C.,Choueiri, T. K.,Rini, B. I.,Lee, J.,Yuasa, T.,Pal, S. K.,Srinivas, S.,Bjarnason, G. A.,Knox, J. J.,MacKenzie, M.,Vaishampayan, U. N.,Tan, M. H.,Rha, S. Y.,Donskov, F.,Agarwal, N.,Kollma Oxford University Press 2014 ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY Vol.25 No.1
<P>This study focuses on the outcomes of a large international cohort of patients with metastatic RCC who would not have met the eligibility criteria for clinical trials and compares these to those that would have eligible. The proportion of patients who would have been ineligible and the reason for ineligibility are also discussed.</P>
Jun, I.,Kang, D.S.Y.,Tan, J.,Choi, J.Y.,Heo, W.,Kim, J.Y.,Lee, M.G.,Kim, E.K.,Seo, K.Y.,Kim, T.i. American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surger 2017 Journal of cataract and refractive surgery Vol.43 No.2
<P>Conclusions: Aberration-free transepithelial PRK and corneal wavefront-guided transepithelial PRK were safe and effective for correction of myopic astigmatism without difference in visual acuity and refractive outcomes. However, the corneal wavefront-guided profile induced fewer corneal aberrations than the aberration-free profile. (C) 2017 ASCRS and ESCRS</P>
Variation of microstructure by Ru additions in a single crystal Ni based superalloy
Tan, X.P.,Liu, J.L.,Jin, T.,Hu, Z.Q.,Hong, H.U.,Choi, B.G.,Kim, I.S.,Jo, C.Y.,Mangelinck, D. Maney Publishing 2014 Materials Science and Technology Vol.30 No.3
The microstructural variation of three single crystal Ni based superalloys with various Ru contents has been investigated. The as cast, solid solution and fully heat treated microstructures were quantitatively analysed. The size of gamma' phase was decreased both in dendrite core and interdendritic regions with Ru additions after a solid solution heat treatment. Appropriate heat treatment schemes of three alloys were determined in terms of quantitative and qualitative microstructural characterisation. It was found that the size and volume fraction of gamma' phase were decreased, and the width of c matrix channels was reduced in the dendrite core regions of fully heat treated microstructure with the additions of Ru. Moreover, the well known reverse partitioning occurred with increasing Ru content. The gamma/gamma' lattice misfits changed from positive to negative and became more negative with Ru additions. The variation of gamma/gamma' lattice misfit was caused by the changes of partitioning ratios of alloying elements via Ru additions.