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Microbial Transglutaminase Modifies Gel Properties of Porcine Collagen
Erwanto, Y.,Kawahara, S.,Katayama, K.,Takenoyama, S.,Fujino, H.,Yamauchi, K.,Morishita, T.,Kai, Y.,Watanabe, S.,Muguruma, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.2
We studied the gel properties of porcine collagen with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) as a catalyst. A creep meter was used to measure the mechanical properties of gel. The results showed samples with high concentration of MTGase gelled faster than those with a low concentration of MTGase. The gel strength increased with incubation time and the peaks of breaking strength for 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5% MTGase were obtained at 40, 20 and 10 min incubation time, respectively. According to SDS-PAGE, the MTGase was successfully created a collagen polymer with an increase in molecular weight, whereas no change in formation was shown without MTGase. The sample with 0.5% MTGase began to polymerize after 10 or 20 min incubation at $50^{\circ}C$, and complete polymerization occurred after 40-60 min incubation. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that the gel of porcine collagen in the presence of MTGase produced an extremely well cross-linked network. The differential scanning calorimetric analysis showed the peak thermal transition of porcine collagen gel was at $36^{\circ}C$, and that with MTGase no peak was detected during heating from 20 to $120^{\circ}C$. The melting point of porcine collagen gel could be controlled by MTGase concentration, incubation temperature and protein concentration. Knowledge of the structural and physicochemical properties of porcine collagen gel catalyzed with MTGase could facilitate their use in food products.
Five species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea
Akito Y. KAWAHARA,손재천,Jurate DE PRINS,조수원 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.2
Five species of Gracillariidae are recorded as new to Korea: Calybites securinella (Ermolaev, 1986), Epicephala relictella Kuznetzov, 1979, Parornix alni Kumata, 1965, P. betulae Stainton, 1854, and Spulerina castaneae Kumata & Kuroko, 1988. Epicephala is reported for the first time in Korea. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided with a brief description of each species and a list of host plants.
A Systematic study on the growth of GaN single crystals using the Na-based fluxmethod
M. Kawahara,Y. Yamada,H. Umeda,M. Morishita,F. Kawamura,M. Yoshimura,Y. Mori,T. Sasaki 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2005 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.6 No.2
To obtain bulk gallium nitride (GaN) single crystals applicable as the substrate for GaN homoepitaxial growth, we have adopted the Na flux method with some modifications. Assuming that a key reaction of this method is nitrogen dissolution into a flux, we considered both the gas composition and the liquid phase composition. The use of ammonia gas had effects in lowering the threshold pressure for the GaN growth compared with the nitrogen gas which had been used in the original Na flux method. The composition change from pure Na to a mixture of Ca and Na for the flux also brought some favorable effects such as lowering the threshold pressure, and an improvement in the crystal transparency. Finally, the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique along with the Na-based flux method led to the growth of bulk GaN single crystals with much lower dislocation densities than the seed crystals.
Effects of La Substitution for BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Epitaxial Thin Films
K. Wakazono,Y. Kawahara,K. Ujimoto,T. Yoshimura,N. Fujimura 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.7
The relationship between the Curie temperature and the piezoelectric properties for BiFeO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial thin films was investigated by using A-site substitution of La. BiFeO<sub>3</sub> and (Bi<sub>0.9</sub>La<sub>0.1</sub>)FeO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial thin films were deposited by using pulsed laser deposition. The crystallinities, ferroelectric domain structures and piezoelectric properties for the films were investigated. Although the crystallinity was improved by La substitution, the piezoelectric properties decreased. We suggest that La substitution for BiFeO<sub>3</sub> epitaxial thin films enlarges the domain size and decreases the 71˚ domain wall, which reduce the intrinsic contribution to the piezoelectric properties.
Katayama, K.,Fuchu, H.,Sakata, A.,Kawahara, S.,Yamauchi, K.,Kawamura, Y.,Muguruma, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.3
Inhibitory activities against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) of enzymatic hydrolysates of porcine skeletal muscle proteins were investigated. Myosin B, myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin and water-soluble proteins extracted from pork loin were digested by eight kinds of proteases, including pepsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and trypsin. After digestion, hydrolysates produced from all proteins showed ACE inhibitory activities, and the peptic hydrolysate showed the strongest activity. In the case of myosin B, the molar concentration of peptic hydrolysate required to inhibit 50% of the activity increased gradually as digestion proceeded. The hydrolysates produced by sequential digestion with pepsin and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin or pepsin and pancreatin showed weaker activities than those by pepsin alone, suggesting that ACE inhibitory peptides from peptic digestion might lose their active sequences after digestion by the second protease. However, the hydrolysates produced by sequential digestion showed stronger activities than those by $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, trypsin or pancreatin alone. These results suggested that the hydrolysates of porcine meat were able to show ACE inhibitory activity, even if they were digested in vivo, and that pork might be a useful source of physiologically functional factors.