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Romanization and Language Planning in Taiwan
Chiung, Wi-vun Taiffalo 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.1
Chiung, Wi-run Taiffalo. 2001. Romanization and Language Planningin Taiwan. The Linguistic Association, of Korea Journal 9(1), 15-43.Although Taiwan is currently a Hancha (Han characters)-dominated society, romanization was in fact the first writing system used in Taiwan. The first romanized orthography is the Sinkang manuscripts introduced by the Dutch missionaries in the first half of the seventeenth century. Thereafter, Han characters were imposed to Taiwan by the Sinitic Koxinga regime that followed in the second half of the seventeenth century. As the number of Han immigrants from China dramatically increased, Han characters gradually became the dominant writing system. At present, romanization for Mandarin Chinese is an auxiliary script simply used for transliteration purpose. As for Taiwanese romanization it is mainly used by particular groups, such as church followers and the Taiwanese writing circle. This paper provides readers an overall introduction to the history and current development of romanization in Taiwan from the perspectives of literacy and sociolinguistics.(The University of Texas at Arlington)
Justyna Wiśniewska-Singh 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2016 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.22 No.1
This paper explores how a changing social situation in late colonial northern India influenced issues related to marriage. The most controversial matters, also reflected in Hindi literature of the time, were: proper age at marriage, ritual concerns, marriage expenses as well as effects of child marriage and child widows. The paper draws mainly on Hindi novels by Ayodhya Singh Upadhyay and Kishorilal Goswami, published in the beginning of the twentieth century. For the most part, conservative and didactic in their outlook, they put forward interesting postulates concerning disputable matters. Some of the ideas, like reducing unnecessary wedding expenses, are worth considering even today. The analysis of literary sources also reveals the expectations of future brides and grooms. The attention paid by Hindi writers to a number of marriage practices confirms the status of marriage as one of the most important social institutions.
Solvent selection for CO2 capture from gases with high carbon dioxide concentration
Andrzej Wilk,Lucyna Więcław-Solny,Adam Tatarczuk,Aleksander Krótki,Tomasz Spietz,Tadeusz Chwoła 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.8
Amine absorption processes are widely used to purify both refinery and process gases and natural gas. Recently, amine absorption has also been considered for application to CO2 removal from flue gases. It has a number of advantages, but there is one major disadvantage-high energy consumption. This can be solved by using an appropriate solvent. From a group of several dozen solutions, seven amine solvents based on primary amine, tertiary amine and sterically hindered amine were selected. For the selected solutions research was conducted on CO2 absorption capacity, an absorption rate and finally a solvent vapor pressure. Furthermore, tests on an absorber-desorber system were also performed. In this study the most appropriate solvent for capturing CO2 from flue gases with higher carbon dioxide concentrations was selected.
Izabela Lebuda,Ewa Wiśniewska,Marta Galewska-Kustra 대한사고개발학회 2013 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.23 No.1
The article presents the results of a study on the professional activities of graduates of an innovative specialty of education studies – the Psychopedagogy of Creativity, offered by the Academy of Special Education in Warsaw. The article describes the main concepts and ideas underlying the curriculum of this specialty, the framework of the educational programme and expectations about future careers of its graduates. The article presents results of the research conducted with the use of unstandardized interviews with members of the first three groups of graduates (N = 17), surveys carried out among graduates of all master level groups (N = 150), and research involving one-year monitoring of further activities of graduates of two randomly chosen classes, in which the graduates systematically sent their reports via email (N = 14). This allowed us to gather information about the development of, obstacles in and stimulators of the creative activity of the participants. The article focuses on the professional career and the implementation of career plans, it indicates preferable professions, and the attractiveness of the graduates on the labour market. The completed results may become an inspiration for the development and comparison of similar educational activities conducted outside of Poland.
Relationships between Genetic Diversity and Fusarium Toxin Profiles of Winter Wheat Cultivars
Tomasz Góral,Kinga Stuper-Szablewska,Maciej Buśko,Maja Boczkowska,Dorota Walentyn-Góral,Halina Wiśniewska,Juliusz Perkowski 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.3
Fusarium head blight is one of the most important and most common diseases of winter wheat. In order to better understanding this disease and to assess the correlations between different factors, 30 cultivars of this cereal were evaluated in a two-year period. Fusarium head blight resistance was evaluated and the concentration of trichothecene mycotoxins was analysed. Grain samples originated from plants inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and naturally infected with Fusarium species. The genetic distance between the tested cultivars was determined and data were analysed using multivariate data analysis methods. Genetic dissimilarity of wheat cultivars ranged between 0.06 and 0.78. They were grouped into three distinct groups after cluster analysis of genetic distance. Wheat cultivars differed in resistance to spike and kernel infection and in resistance to spread of Fusarium within a spike (type II). Only B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and nivalenol) produced by F. culmorum in grain samples from inoculated plots were present. In control samples trichothecenes of groups A (H-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, scirpentriol, diacetoxyscirpenol) and B were detected. On the basis of Fusarium head blight assessment and analysis of trichothecene concentration in the grain relationships between morphological characters, Fusarium head blight resistance and mycotoxins in grain of wheat cultivars were examined. The results were used to create of matrices of distance between cultivars – for trichothecene concentration in inoculated and naturally infected grain as well as for FHB resistance Correlations between genetic distance versus resistance/mycotoxin profiles were calculated using the Mantel test. A highly significant correlation between genetic distance and mycotoxin distance was found for the samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. Significant but weak relationships were found between genetic distance matrix and FHB resistance or trichothecene concentration in naturally infected grain matrices.
Confessio fidei de eucharistia bei J. Calvin
Wi, Hyung-Yoon 한국실천신학회 2009 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.21
Wie verhä.lt sich nun das Abendmahl zur unio mystica? Da aber ja dies Mysterium der geheimnisvollen Einbeit Christi mit den Glä.ubigen seinem Wesen nach unbegreiflich ist, erzeigt er eine Gestalt und ein Bild davon in den sichtbaren Zeichen, die unserem Begriffsvermö.gen ganz angepaßt sind. man sieht deutlich beide Linien: Einmal - gegen Luther - die Tendenz zu bestreiten, daß es eine spezifische Abendmahlsgabe gibt, aber ich wiederhole: auch Calvin betont energisch die Realprä.senz Christi - aber es ist dieselbe wirkliche Gegenwart des Herrn wie etwa in der Predigt!, sodann - gegen Zwingli - die Tendenz zu bestreiten, daß das Abendmahl ein im Grunde ü. berflü.ssiges Annex sei, weil dem Glaubenden in seinem Glauben ja sowieso schon alles gegeben sei. Diese Spannung hat er sein Leben lang durchzubalten versucht, und wer ihn recht verstehen will, muß stä.ndig beide Linien sehen. Die Gemeinschaft mit Christus ist immer auch Teilhabe an seinem Fleisch und Blut, und gerade dies wird im Abendmahl besonders deutlich, So wenig Calvin eine spezifische Abendmahlsgabe kennt, deren der Glä.ubige nicht auch ohne das Abendmahl teilhaftig werden kö.nnte, so sehr betont gerade das Abendmahl diese reale unspirituelle Gemeinschaft mit dem ganzen Christus. So gesehen ist also das Proprium des Abendmahls dieses, daß es die Christusgemeinschaft genauer interpretiert und konkretisiert in dem Sinne, daß es sich hier nicht nur um eine Gemeinschaft mit der Gottheit Christi, bzw, seinem Geist handelt, sondern um die Gemeinschaft mit dem, der unser Fleisch eingenommen hat und dessen Fleisch nun auch eine materia spiritualis vitae ist. Wer also Calvin nur eine geistliche oder gar noch schlimmer nur eine geistige Verbindung des Glaubenden mit dem Geist Christi unterschiebt, der hat ihn nicht verstanden.