Interactions between Endophytes and Plants: Beneficial Effect Endophytes to Ameliorate Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Plants

Yu Zhang,Xiaxia Yu,Wenjin Zhang,Duoyong Lang,Xiaojia Zhang,Gaochang Cui,Xinhui Zhang 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.1

Endophytes are typically non-pathogenic microbesthat at some period in their life cycles colonize the interiorspaces of plant tissues. There is a growing interest in the roleof the endophytes in ameliorating various stresses on plants,including biotic stress (such as pathogenic microbes) andabiotic stress (such as drought and salt stress), becauseendophytes can produce phytohormones, fixing nitrogen,antagonistic substances, enzymes, which plays an importantrole in plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress. Previouslyresearchers have reviewed endophytes promote plant growththrough direct or indirect mechanisms. In order to furtherclarify the interactions between endophytes and it’s hostplants, we reviewed the biological properties of endophytesisolated from different parts of plant, the methods of plantinoculation with endophytes and the beneficial effects ofendophytes to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress in plants.

Response of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Secondary Metabolites to Drought Stress and Salt Stress in Plants

Gaochang Cui,Yu Zhang,Wenjin Zhang,Duoyong Lang,Xiaojia Zhang,Zhixian Li,Xinhui Zhang 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.6

Carbon and nitrogen metabolism provide the mainenergy and basic nutrients for plants. However, environmentalstress seriously affects carbon and nitrogen metabolism and thushinders plant growth, especially drought stress and salt stress. Hence, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate theresponse of carbon and nitrogen metabolism to drought stressand salt stress by photosynthesis, sucrose and starch metabolism,nitrogen uptake and amino acids. Previous researchers alsostudied the response of secondary metabolism under bothstresses on account of secondary metabolism may conferprotection against environmental stresses. Our review highlightsthe diverse responses of carbon and nitrogen metabolism todrought stress and salt stress and the content changes of threesecondary metabolites in plants under stresses.

Characterization of microbial community composition and pathogens risk assessment in typical Italian-style salami by high-throughput sequencing technology

Xinhui Wang,Hongyang Ren,Yi Zhang 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

The structure of microbial communities in a typical Italian-style salami, including bacterial and fungal diversity, was investigated by high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 6 phyla, 7 classes, 19 orders, 20 families and 28 genera were obtained from 16S rDNA sequences, and a total of 2 phyla, 4 classes, 4 orders, 5 families, 10 genera and 12 Species were obtained from 18S rDNA sequences. The core microbiota was composed of Staphylococcaceae, representing up to 97.52% of the total 16S rRNA, and Penicillium digitatum, accounting for 99.74% of the total classified 18S rRNA. Lactobacillales and Saccharomycetales were detected with a quite low proportion of 1.71 and 0.007%, respectively. This study contributes to the knowledge of the microbial diversity involved in salami and presents high-throughput sequencing as a useful tool to evaluate microbial diversity and monitor the food-borne pathogens in fermented sausage.

Simulation of travelling performance and experimental research on heavy double crawlers on a soft ground

Guanyu Zhang,Xinhui Liu,Shuai Wang,Guoqiang Wang 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.2

This study analyzes resistances to sinking, steering bulldozer, steering friction, running, climbing, inertia, and wind and considered the offsetting effects of instantaneous center of speed and center of mass based on the sinkage method proposed by Bekker. The purpose of the analysis is to show the calculation method for the driving power of crawlers under different working conditions. The influence of several performance factors were analyzed to calculate the steering performance of a dumping machine with heavy double crawler. The performance factors include steering radius, offset mass, width-to-length ratio, crawler width wider than the interior and lateral, caterpillar gauge in crawler drive, drive power, and steering torque friction. These factors are involved in driving wheels at a crawler speed of 3.33 RPM. The law of operation for heavy crawlers under different working conditions is obtained by performing a real vehicle test. The results of this test are compared with the theoretical calculations to verify correctness. Such a test provides important theoretical basis for theoretical modeling and for analyzing the performance of large crawlers running on soft ground.

Carbon-coated Mg–Al layered double oxide nanosheets with enhanced removal of hexavalent chromium

Xiaogang Zheng,Fuyan Kang,Xinhui Liu,Hao Peng,JinYang Zhang 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.80 No.-

Carbon-coated Mg–Al layered double oxide (MgAl@C LDO) nanosheets were synthesized for the removalof hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions. Carbon coating could enhance the sorption capacity of Mg5Al1 LDOfor the Cr(VI) removal. The sorption capacity of Mg5Al1@C LDO increased and then decreased with anincrease in carbon-coated content, of which the Mg5Al1@C-2 with a carbon thickness of around 5.0 nmexhibited the best sorption capacity. The sorption behaviors of Mg5Al1@C-2 was explained by Langmuirsorption model, pseudo-second-order model, Weber–Morris model, and Boyd kinetic model. Mg5Al1@C-2 for Cr(VI) removal was a spontaneous, endothermic, and chemisorption process.

PnCHS1, a chalcone synthase from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans, improves the tolerance of salt stress and ABA

Li Chaochao,Xu Xinhui,Liu Shenghao,Zhang Pengying 한국식물생명공학회 2024 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.18 No.1

Chalcone synthase (CHS), a key enzyme in plant flavonoid synthesis, is essential for plant tolerance to abiotic stress. However, little research on CHS from the earliest terrestrial plants, such as mosses, has been reported. Here, the biological function of a CHS gene from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans (PnCHS1) was studied. PnCHS1 had a 32.8–53.7% similarity to CHS from other species, however it still had highly conserved motifs of CHS such as Catalytic site (Asn366, His333) and Co-A binding site (Ser146). Subcellular localization analysis showed that PnCHS1 was distributed in the cell membrane and in the membranes of endothelial organelles. Heterologous expression of PnCHS1 increased flavonoid content in 5-day-old Arabidopsis grown with 24 h light and 17-day-old Arabidopsis cultured with sucrose, as well as anthocyanin content in the latter. PnCHS1 heterologous expression in Arabidopsis increased plant tolerance to salt stress, including a high germina- tion rate and a long taproot. Heterologous expression of PnCHS1 boosted tolerance to oxidative stress while decreasing the sensitivity to ABA. Under H2O2 or ABA stress, the expression pattern of PnCHS1, ROS scavenging enzyme gene (FeSOD1, FeSOD2, Cu-Zn-SOD2, and Cu-Zn-SOD3) and three genes of ABA signal pathway (RAB18, RD29B, and NCED3) were considerably up-regulated by real-time quantitative analysis. It indicates that PnCHS1 could enhance plant tolerance to NaCl and oxidative stresses, and may play a role in the adaptation of Antarctic moss to extreme environments.

Remote control system based on the internet and machine vision for tracked vehicles

Shuai Wang,Shubing Zhang,Ruoding Ma,E. Jin,Xinhui Liu,He Tian,Ruipeng Yang 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.3

A remote control system based on the Internet and machine vision is designed in this study for tracked vehicles. The system consists of remote monitoring, remote control, and visual navigation subsystems. The on-board computer receives control commands issued by the monitoring center and controls the speed and steering angle of the tracked vehicles. The front camera collects navigation line information, and the collected image is processed by filtering, gray processing, binarization processing, and interference elimination to obtain the center point coordinates of the navigation line. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fuzzy PID, and neural network control algorithms are compared based on the distance and angle deviations of the preview point to control the operation of tracked vehicles through simulation. The Internet remote control system with the fuzzy PID control algorithm is then tested on a tracked vehicle. Experimental results indicate that the trajectory of the tracked vehicle fits the navigation path well.

LINC00319 promotes cancer stem cell-like properties in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via E2F1-mediated upregulation of HMGB3

Yuan Linlin,Tian Xiufen,Zhang Yanfei,Huang Xinhui,Li Qing,Li Wencai,Li Shenglei 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common subtypes of head and neck malignancies worldwide. Long intervening/intergenic noncoding RNAs (LINCRNAs) have been recently implicated in various biological processes that take place in the setting of laryngeal cancer, but the regulatory role of LINC00319 in LSCC remains largely unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate the regulatory effect of LINC00319 on the development and progression of LSCC via high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3). Microarray-based analysis was initially conducted to identify differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs, after which the expression of LINC00319 and HMGB3 in LSCC tissues and cells was determined accordingly. CD133 + CD144 + TU177 cells were subsequently isolated and transfected with LINC00319 overexpression vector (oe-LINC00319), short hairpin RNA (sh)-LINC00319, sh-HMGB3, sh-E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), and oe-E2F1, as well as their corresponding controls. The proliferative, invasion, self-renewal, and tumorigenic abilities of CD133 + CD144 + TU177 cells were then evaluated. Our in vitro findings were further confirmed following subcutaneous injection of cells expressing the corresponding plasmids into nude mice. LINC00319 and HMGB3 expressions were elevated in LSCC cells and tissues. LINC00319 increased HMGB3 expression by recruiting E2F1. Furthermore, the stimulatory role of LINC00319 on the proliferation, invasion, self-renewal ability, and tumorigenicity of CD133 + CD144 + TU177 cells was achieved by upregulating HMGB3 via recruitment of E2F1. The in vitro findings were also confirmed by in vivo experiments. Taken together, these data show that downregulating LINC00319 in CD133 + CD144 + TU177 cells may serve as a potential anticancer regimen by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of cancer stem cells in LSCC.

WISP-1 induced by mechanical stress contributes to fibrosis and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum through Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling

Sun Chao,Ma Qinghong,Yin Jian,Zhang Han,Liu Xinhui 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Ongoing chronic fibrosis and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) is an important cause of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Our previous work showed that WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP-1) is a critical driver of LF fibrosis. However, the potential mechanism has not been explored. Here, we found that Gli1 was upregulated in hypertrophic LF tissues and required for fibrogenesis in fibroblasts. Moreover, mechanical stretching increased the expression of WISP-1 in LF fibroblasts. Furthermore, WISP-1 induced fibrogenesis in vitro through the Hedgehog-Gli1 pathway. This conclusion was supported by the fact that WISP-1 activated the Hedgehog-Gli1 pathway in LF fibroblasts and that cyclopamine attenuated the effect of WISP-1-induced fibrogenesis. WISP-1 also promoted the transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts via the Hedgehog pathway. Importantly, a hypertrophic LF rabbit model induced by mechanical stress also showed pathological changes in fibrosis and elevated expression of WISP-1, Gli1, and α-SMA. Therapeutic administration of cyclopamine reduced collagen expression, fibroblast proliferation, and myofibroblast differentiation and ameliorated fibrosis in the mechanical stress-induced rabbit model. Collectively, our findings show mechanical stress/WISP-1/Hedgehog signaling as a new fibrotic axis contributing to LF hypertrophy and identify Hedgehog signaling as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of LF fibrosis.

Annealing Effect on the Electron Spin Dynamics in Heavily Mn-doped (Ga,Mn)As

Han Yue,Lin Chen,Haixia Gao,Jianhua Zhao,Xinhui Zhang 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.10

A temperature- and photo-excitation-density-dependent electron spin dephasing process has beenstudied by time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) measurements for heavily-doped(Ga,Mn)As after appropriate annealing treatment. Unlike the as-grown (Ga,Mn)As in which sdscattering is dominant for spin dephasing at low temperature, the exchange scattering inducedby Mn ions is efficiently suppressed after annealing. For annealed (Ga,Mn)As, the p-d exchangecoupling proves to be important for the electron spin dephasing process. Moreover, the Coulombscattering arising from the weakly-localized holes and Mn impurities is revealed to play an importantrole in the electron spin dephasing after annealing. Our results demonstrate that the impurityinduceddisorder plays a significant role in the electron spin-dephasing process in (Ga,Mn)As whenMn is over doped by as much as 15%, which is a critical issue that needs to be considered to achievehigh-quality (Ga,Mn)As thin films with a higher Curie temperature TC and better functionality.