Role of neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain: a narrative review

Chung Woosuk,Jung Ki Tae 조선대학교 의학연구원 2023 Medical Bilogical Science and Engineering Vol.6 No.2

Neuropathic pain, which can develop throughout the somatic sensory nervous system, occurs because of lesions or diseases in the somatosensory system, from the nerve terminal to the peripheral nerve of the nerve root, spinal cord, and brain. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Various pathological conditions of the nervous system can cause excessive neuroinflammation. Activation of inflammatory cells and subsequent inflammatory mediators results in neuropathic pain. Therefore, the modulation of neuroinflammation may be an option for treating and preventing neuropathic pain. Autophagic phagocytosis is related to the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine activity and the management of neuropathic pain. However, the complex interactions between cellular responses and inflammatory mediators in neuroinflammatory processes remain unclear. This short review discusses the roles of inflammation in the development and modulation of neuropathic pain.

Effect of Nalbuphine on Hemdynamic Values and Bispectral Indices during Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) with Propofol and Remifentanil

Woosuk Chung,Young Kwon Ko,Hee Suk Yoon,Jun Gun Lee 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.53 No.6

Background: Remifentanil requires a long acting agent for postoperative pain control, and Nalbuphine, a long acting agonist-antagonist, causes less respiratory depression than pure μ-agonists. However, Nalbuphine can also cause additional distress when used with a pure μ-agonist. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of nalbuphine during TIVA with remifentanil and propofol. Methods: 56 ASA class I, II adult patients undergoing minor surgery were included in this study. After maintaining BIS values between 40-60 as well as a relatively similar blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) for 20 minutes without changing the target concentrations of anesthesia during surgical procedures, the subjects received either 0.1 ml/kg of normal saline or nalbuphine intravenously. Hemodynamic and BIS variables were then recorded for 20 minutes, during which time the target concentrations were not modified. The BIS values, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were then compared between groups using t-tests, with a P < 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: The mean BIS and HR measured at each interval in the nalbuphine group were not significantly different from those of the control group. However, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after the administration of nalbuphine, the mean systolic BP and the mean arterial BP of the treatment and control groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). In addition, the mean diastolic BP was also significantly different 10 and 20 minutes after the treatment was administered (P < 0.05). Postoperative pain was well controlled and none of the patients reported intraoperative awareness. Conclusions: Although nalbuphine seems to cause distress, which appeared as an increase in BP, it may still be used in combination with propofol and remifentanil because it did not cause a significant increase in the HR and BIS values. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: S 7∼11)

Social deficits in IRSp53 mutant mice improved by NMDAR and mGluR5 suppression

Chung, Woosuk,Choi, Su Yeon,Lee, Eunee,Park, Haram,Kang, Jaeseung,Park, Hanwool,Choi, Yeonsoo,Lee, Dongsoo,Park, Sae-Geun,Kim, Ryunhee,Cho, Yi Sul,Choi, Jeonghoon,Kim, Myoung-Hwan,Lee, Jong Won,Lee, S Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2015 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.3

Social deficits are observed in diverse psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. We found that mice lacking the excitatory synaptic signaling scaffold IRSp53 (also known as BAIAP2) showed impaired social interaction and communication. Treatment of IRSp53<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice, which display enhanced NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function in the hippocampus, with memantine, an NMDAR antagonist, or MPEP, a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist that indirectly inhibits NMDAR function, normalized social interaction. This social rescue was accompanied by normalization of NMDAR function and plasticity in the hippocampus and neuronal firing in the medial prefrontal cortex. These results, together with the reduced NMDAR function implicated in social impairments, suggest that deviation of NMDAR function in either direction leads to social deficits and that correcting the deviation has beneficial effects.

Sevoflurane Exposure during the Critical Period Affects Synaptic Transmission and Mitochondrial Respiration but Not Long-term Behavior in Mice

Chung, Woosuk,Ryu, Min Jeong,Heo, Jun Young,Lee, Soomin,Yoon, Seunghwan,Park, Haram,Park, Sangil,Kim, Yangsik,Kim, Yoon Hee,Yoon, Seok Hwa,Shin, Yong Sup,Lee, Won Hyung,Ju, Xianshu,Kweon, Gi Ryang,Ko, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2017 Anesthesiology Vol.126 No.2

<P>Conclusions: Sevoflurane exposure during the critical period induces mitochondrial hyperactivity and transient imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission, without long-lasting behavioral consequences. Further studies are needed to confirm sexual differences and to define the role of mitochondrial activity during anesthesia-induced spine formation.</P>

Pattern Visual Evoked Potential as a Predictor of Occlusion Therapy for Amblyopia

Woosuk Chung,Samin Hong,Jong Bok Lee,Sueng-Han Han 대한안과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.23 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the role of the pattern visual evoked potential (pVEP) as a predictor of occlusion therapy for patients with strabismic, anisometropic, and isometropic amblyopia. The secondary aim was to compare the characteristics of pVEP between strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: This retrospective comparative case series included 120 patients who had received occlusion therapy or a glasses prescription for correction of strabismic, anisometropic, and isometropic amblyopia (20 patients had strabismic amblyopia, 41 patients had anisometropic amblyopia, and 59 patients had isometropic amblyopia). For each patient, the value of the P100 latency on pVEP at the time of the initial diagnosis of amblyopia was collected. Subsequently, the P100 latency was compared according to types of amblyopia. Fifty of 120 patients (7 patients with strabismic amblyopia, 21 patients with anisometropic amblyopia, and 22 patients with isometropic amblyopia) who were followed-up for longer than 6 months were divided into two groups based on the value of their P100 latency (Group 1, P100 latency 120 msec or less; Group 2, P100 latency longer than 120 msec.) The amount of visual improvement after occlusion therapy or glasses was compared between two study groups. Results: The mean P100 latency was 119.7±25.2 msec in eyes with strabismic amblyopia and 111.9±17.8 msec in eyes with non-strabismic (anisometropic or isometropic) amblyopia (p=0.213). In Group 1, the mean visual improvement after occlusion therapy or glasses was 3.69±2.14 lines on Dr. Hahn’s standard test chart; in Group 2, the mean improvement was 2.27±2.21 lines (p=0.023). Conclusions: The P100 latency on pVEP at the time of initial diagnosis was significantly related to the visual improvement after occlusion therapy or glasses in patients with strabismic, anisometropic, and isometropic amblyopia. Therefore, it was presumed that patients with a delayed P100 latency might have less visual improvement after occlusion therapy or glasses. In addition, there was no apparent difference in P100 latency between patients with strabismic and non-strabismic (anisometropic or isometropic) amblyopia.

최인훈 소설과의 관계를 통해 본 희곡 「한스와 그레텔」

정우숙(Chung, Woosuk) 한국현대문학회 2014 한국현대문학연구 Vol.0 No.43

본고는 최인훈 희곡 「한스와 그레텔」을 그의 소설과의 관계 중심으로 살핀다. 그의 다른 희곡들과 공유하는 바가 없어 예외적 희곡으로 간주돼온 이 작품은, 오히려 최인훈의 소설들과 공통점을 지니는 부분이 있다. 2장에서는, 『광장』을 비롯한 최인훈 소설의 전반적 특징과 이 희곡이 공유하는 면을 살폈다. 그것은 곤경에 처한 지식인이 사변적 언설을 펼치며 현실과는 다른 차원의 사랑을 추구하는 것이다. 3장에서는 특히 소설 『태풍』을 중심 대상으로 하고 『총독의 소리』를 보조적으로 참고하여, 이 희곡의 제국주의적 균열 양상을 살폈다. 경계에 놓인 제국주의자는 자신의 정치적 과오에 대해 반성하기도 하지만, 개인의 자유와 새로운 출발을 위해 변명의 여지를 남긴다. 본 연구는, 최인훈 희곡 연구에서 가장 빈약한 관심 대상인 「한스와 그레텔」에 대한 논의의 장을 넓히고, 나아가 희곡과 소설을 아우르는 최인훈 문학 전반의 논의에 기여하고자 한다. This paper explores mainly the relationship between Choi Inhoon "s play 「Hans and Gretel」 and his novels. This work which has nothing to be shared by his other plays, has been considered to be an exceptional play. But it has a common part with his novels. In Chapter 2, we look into the common aspect shared by this play and the overall features of Choi"s novels including 「Square」. It is for intellectual, being in trouble, to unfold speculative opinions and search for love which is entirely different from reality. Chapter 3, focusing particularly on novel 「Typhoon」, checks imperialistic cracking aspects of this play. An imperialist, who is on the boundaries, not only reflects on his political mistakes, but also leaves room for excuse for individual freedom and a new start. This study attempts to broaden the place for debate on 「Hans and Gretel」 which has been the object of poorest academic interest among studies on Choi"s plays. And, by extension, this will contribute to the discussions on Choi"s literature in general which embrace his plays and novels.

O2O Trend and Future : Focused on Difference from Each Case

( Woosuk Kim ),( Seungmyeong Chung ),( Young Han Bae ) 서암순창장학회 2017 Journal of Marketing Thought Vol.3 No.4

Getting online market is growing in leaps and bounds, the O2O service market will further expand in the future. O2O services are very similar to open market services and they are one of the most successful Internet business models. Moreover, O2O commerce usually handles not only products, but also services. Nowadays companies tend to pursue O2O marketing because it permits smarter consumption for consumers as well as successful promotion for companies. Korea appears to be well positioned for the spread of O2O and rapid growth is expected in this cutting-edge O2O commerce international market. That is because those main sections of O2O service are the best, which are in-road rate of smart phones and frequency of mobile shopping. Furthermore, we have to focus South Korea and other global cases because it will have a chance to gain experience about O2O market.

Evaluation of Autoencoder for NIR Spectroscopic Identification of Geographical Origins of Agricultural Products

Woosuk Sohng(송우석),Seeun Cho,Hyeseon Lee,Hoeil Chung 한국분석과학회 2019 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Voltage-applied SERS measurement for analysis of bile juice

Woosuk Sohng,Sanghoon Cho,Changhwan Eum,Hoeil Chung 한국분석과학회 2020 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.6

Neuroprotective effects of PEP-1-Cu,Zn-SOD against ischemic neuronal damage in the rabbit spinal cord.

Kim, Woosuk,Kim, Dae Won,Yoo, Dae Young,Chung, Jin Young,Hwang, In Koo,Won, Moo-Ho,Choi, Soo Young,Jeon, Sei Woong,Jeong, Je Hoon,Hwang, Hyung Sik,Moon, Seung Myung Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Neurochem Res Vol.37 No.2

<P>A rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia has been introduced as a good model to investigate the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R)-induced paraplegia. In the present study, we observed the effects of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) against ischemic damage in the ventral horn of L(5-6) levels in the rabbit spinal cord. For this study, the expression vector PEP-1 was constructed, and this vector was fused with SOD1 to create a PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein that easily penetrated the blood-brain barrier. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by transient occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 15 min. PEP-1-SOD1 (0.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rabbits 30 min before ischemic surgery. The administration of PEP-1-SOD1 significantly improved neurological scores compared to those in the PEP-1 (vehicle)-treated ischemia group. Also, in this group, the number of cresyl violet-positive cells at 72 h after I-R was much higher than that in the vehicle-treated ischemia group. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased in the ischemic spinal cord of the PEP-1-SOD1-treated ischemia group compared to those in the vehicle-treated ischemia group. In contrast, the administration of PEP-1-SOD1 significantly ameliorated the ischemia-induced reduction of SOD and catalase levels in the ischemic spinal cord. These results suggest that PEP-1-SOD1 protects neurons from spinal ischemic damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and maintaining SOD and catalase levels in the ischemic rabbit spinal cord.</P>