Study on Aboveground Biomass of Pinus sylvesris var. mongolica Plantation Forest in Northeast China Based on Prediction Equations

Weiwei Jia,Lu Li,Fengri Li 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2012 Journal of Forest Science Vol.28 No.2

A total of 45 Pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica trees from 9 plots in northeast China were destructively sampled to develop aboveground prediction equations for inventory application. Sampling plots covered a range of stand ages (12-47-years-old) and densities (450-3,840/ha). The distribution of aboveground biomass of whole-trees and tree component (stems, branches and leaves) of individual trees were studied and 4 equations were developed as functions of diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (HT). All the equations have good estimation effect with high prediction precision over 90%. Forest biomass was estimated based on the individual biomass prediction equations. It was found forest biomass of all organs increased with the increasing of stand age and density. And the period of 45-50 years was the suitable harvest time for Pinus sylvesris plantation.

A Study on the Joint Effect of Country Image & Brand Image on Brand Preference

Weiwei Jia,Sebum Kim 한국서비스경영학회 2008 한국서비스경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.8

The Mediating Effect of Experiential Value on Customers' Perceived Value of Digital Content

Weiwei Jia,Saebum Kim 한국마케팅과학회 2010 마케팅과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

电子内容在给公司带来机遇和挑战的同时也极大的改变了我们的生活。创意企业整合视频、图片、文本和数据进行数字化过的音频,开发新产品或服务,创作数位经验推广自己的品牌。大多数有关电子内容的文献是关于基本概念或者营销的发展。其实,比起普通产品或服务的传统价值链, 数字内容产业似乎有更多的潜在价值。因为相当大的数字内容是免费的,价格,作为信息的质量或价值的指标,不是必须被感知的(Rowley 2008)。这是显而易见的,当前数字内容主题的问题是“价值”和关于消费者对电子内容的感知价值是需要的研究。本文讨论了经验价值在消费者评估电子内容时的优势。本文贡献了两个不同但是相关的 电子内容“价值”的理解。第一,基于电子内容产品和服务的比较,本文提出了两个关键特点使得体验战略适合电子内容:无形和接近于零的再造成本。最重要的是,基于对公司的理想化的价值和客户的感知价值之间的差异的讨论,本文强调了数字内容的价格和定价根据不同的产品和服务而不同。无形的结果是, 价格可能并不反映顾客价值。另外,数字内容的成本处在发展阶段可能非常高但再造会大幅缩水。而且,由于前面提到的价值差距,这个价格政策改变因不同的数字内容而不同。例如,扁平的价格政策通常用于电影和音乐(Magiera 2001;Netherby 2002),而持续的需求,数字内容如在线游戏和杀毒软件的问题牵涉到一个更复杂的效用和极具竞争力的价格水平。数字内容企业必须探索各种各样的策略来克服这个缺口。反思的行销方案,如广告、图像、口碑和他们对顾客感知价值的影响变得至关重要。中国信息内容产业正变得越来越国际化,并引起了具有各自竞争优势的国家和地区的关注。2008-2009中国信息内容产业年度发展报告(CCIDConsulting 2009)表明,在国内需求和政府政策的大力支持下,中国信息内容产业在2008年保持了大约30%的快速增长, 表明了这个产业在明显的初期扩张阶段。在中国, 需要更新的杀毒软件和其他软件程序使用季度定价政策。用户可以免费下载试用版,用6个月或一年。如果他们更久的使用,连续的付款方式是必要的。他们在试用阶段检测数字内容的优良度, 决定是否要付继续使用。对于中国的音乐和电影工业的发展战略,体验最初没有被广泛的应用,虽然公司在其他国家找到试验经验,探索重要战略(如客户在下载前有好几秒可以免费听听音乐)。由于上述原因,杀毒软件在中国可以代表数字内容产业而且在中国杀毒市场探索了体验价值在顾客的电子内容感知价值中的优势。为了提高调查数据的可靠性,该研究集中在那些有使用杀毒软件经验的人群。实证结果显示,体验的价值对顾客的数字内容的感知价值有积极的影Ù Digital content makes big changes to our daily lives while bringing opportunities and challenges for companies. Creative firms integrate pictures, texts, videos, audios, and data by digitalization to develop new products or services and create digital experiences to promote their brands. Most articles on digital content contribute to the basic concept or development of marketing it in literature. Actually, compared with traditional value chains for common products or services, the digital content industry seems to have more potential value. Because quite a bit of digital content is free to the consumer, price is not necessarily perceived as an indicator of the quality or value of information (Rowley 2008). It becomes evident that a current theme in digital content is the issue of "value," and research on customers' perceived value of digital content is a necessity. This article argues that experiential value has an advantage in customers’ evaluations of digital content. Two different but related contributions to the understanding of "value" of digital content are made here. First, based on the comparison of digital content with products and services, the article proposes two key characteristics that make experiential strategy available for digital content: intangibility and near-zero reproduction cost. On top of that, based on the discussion of the gap between company's idealized value and customer's perceived value, this article emphasizes that digital content prices and pricing of digital content is different from products and services. As a result of intangibility, prices may not reflect customer value. Moreover, the cost of digital content in the development stage may be very high while reproduction costs shrink dramatically. Moreover, because of the value gap mentioned before, the pricing polices vary for different digital contents. For example, flat price policy is generally used for movies and music (Magiera 2001; Netherby 2002), while for continuous demand, digital content such as online games and anti-virus programs involves a more complicated matter of utility and competitive price levels. Digital content companies have to explore various kinds of strategies to overcome this gap. Rethinking marketing solutions such as advertisements, images, and word-of-mouth and their effect on customers' perceived value becomes essential.China’s digital content industry is becoming more and more globalized and drawing special attention from different countries and regions that have respective competitive advantages. The 2008-2009 Annual Report on the Development of China's Digital Content Industry (CCIDConsulting 2009) indicates that, with the driven power of domestic demand and governmental policy support, the country’s digital content industry maintained a fast growth of some 30 percent in 2008, obviously indicating the initial stage of industry expansion. In China, anti-virus programs and other software programs which need to be updated use a quarter-based pricing policy. Customers can download a trial version for free and use it for six months or a year. If they want to use it longer, continuous payment is needed. They examine the excellence of the digital content during this trial period and decide whether to pay for continued usage. For China’s music and movie industries, as a result of initial development, experiential strategy has not been much applied, even though firms in other countries find the trial experience and explore important strategies(such as customers listening to music for several seconds for free before downloading it). For the above reasons, anti-virus program may be a representative for digital content industry in China and an exploratory study of the advantage of experiential value in customer’s perceived value of digital content is done in the anti-virus market of China.

The Mediating Effect of Experiential Value on Customers' Perceived Value of Digital Content: China's Anti-virus Program Market

Jia, Weiwei,Kim, Sae-Bum Korean Academy of Marketing Science 2010 마케팅과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

Digital content makes big changes to our daily lives while bringing opportunities and challenges for companies. Creative firms integrate pictures, texts, videos, audios, and data by digitalization to develop new products or services and create digital experiences to promote their brands. Most articles on digital content contribute to the basic concept or development of marketing it in literature. Actually, compared with traditional value chains for common products or services, the digital content industry seems to have more potential value. Because quite a bit of digital content is free to the consumer, price is not necessarily perceived as an indicator of the quality or value of information (Rowley 2008). It becomes evident that a current theme in digital content is the issue of "value," and research on customers' perceived value of digital content is a necessity. This article argues that experiential value has an advantage in customers' evaluations of digital content. Two different but related contributions to the understanding of "value" of digital content are made here. First, based on the comparison of digital content with products and services, the article proposes two key characteristics that make experiential strategy available for digital content: intangibility and near-zero reproduction cost. On top of that, based on the discussion of the gap between company's idealized value and customer's perceived value, this article emphasizes that digital content prices and pricing of digital content is different from products and services. As a result of intangibility, prices may not reflect customer value. Moreover, the cost of digital content in the development stage may be very high while reproduction costs shrink dramatically. Moreover, because of the value gap mentioned before, the pricing polices vary for different digital contents. For example, flat price policy is generally used for movies and music (Magiera 2001; Netherby 2002), while for continuous demand, digital content such as online games and anti-virus programs involves a more complicated matter of utility and competitive price levels. Digital content companies have to explore various kinds of strategies to overcome this gap. Rethinking marketing solutions such as advertisements, images, and word-of-mouth and their effect on customers' perceived value becomes essential. China's digital content industry is becoming more and more globalized and drawing special attention from different countries and regions that have respective competitive advantages. The 2008-2009 Annual Report on the Development of China's Digital Content Industry (CCIDConsulting 2009) indicates that, with the driven power of domestic demand and governmental policy support, the country's digital content industry maintained a fast growth of some 30 percent in 2008, obviously indicating the initial stage of industry expansion. In China, anti-virus programs and other software programs which need to be updated use a quarter-based pricing policy. Customers can download a trial version for free and use it for six months or a year. If they want to use it longer, continuous payment is needed. They examine the excellence of the digital content during this trial period and decide whether to pay for continued usage. For China’s music and movie industries, as a result of initial development, experiential strategy has not been much applied, even though firms in other countries find the trial experience and explore important strategies(such as customers listening to music for several seconds for free before downloading it). For the above reasons, anti-virus program may be a representative for digital content industry in China and an exploratory study of the advantage of experiential value in customer's perceived value of digital content is done in the anti-virus market of China. In order to enhance the reliability of the survey data, this study focused on people who were experienced users of anti-virus progra ?字?容在?公司??机遇和挑?的同?也?大的改?了我?的生活. ?意企?整合??, ?片, 文本和?据?行?字化?的音?, ??新?品或服?, ?作?字??推?自己的品牌. 大多?有??字?容的文?是?于基本?念或者??的?展. 其?, 比起普通?品或服?的??价??, ?字?容??似乎有更多的?在价?. 因?相?多的?字?容是免?的, 价格, 作?信息的?量或价?的指?, 不是必?被感知的(Rowley 2008). ??然, ?前?字?容的主?是 "价?" 和?于消?者??字?容的感知价?的?究. 本文??了??价?在消?者???字?容?的??. 本文在??字?容 "价?" 的理解方面有??不同但是相?的??. 第一, 基于?字?容?普通?品和服?的比?, 本文提出了????特点使得???略适合?字?容: 无形和接近于零的再造成本. 最重要的是, 基于?公司的理想化的价?和客?的感知价?之?的差?的??, 本文强?了?字?容的价格和定价?普通?品和服?的不同. 无形的?果是, 价格可能?不反映?客感知价?. ?外, ?字?容的成本?在?展?段可能非常高但再造?大幅?水. 而且, 由于前面提到的价???, ??价格政策改?因不同的?字?容而不同. 例如, 平价?略通常用于?影和音?(Magiera 2001;Netherby 2002), 而有持?的需求的?字?容如在?游?和?毒?件的???涉到一?更??的效用和?具??力的价格水平. ?字?容企?必?探索各?各?的策略?克服??缺口. ?于?告, 形象, 口碑等常用的市??略和他???客感知价?的影?的?究?得至?重要. 中??字?容??正?得越?越??化, ?引起了具有各自????的?家和地?的?注. 2008-2009中??字?容??年度?展?告(CCIDConsulting 2009)表明, 在??需求和政府政策的大力支持下, 中??字?容??在2008年保持了大?30%的快速增?, 表明了????在明?的初期???段. 在中?, 需要更新的?毒?件和其他?件程序使用季度定价政策. 用?可以免?下??用版, 用6?月或一年. 如果他?更久的使用, ??的付款方式是必要的. 他?在?用?段???字?容的?良度, ?定是否要付??使用. ?于中?的音?和?影工?的?展?略, ??最初?有被?泛的?用, ?然其他?家的公司注意到??的重要性?探索了相?的?略(如客?在下?前有好?秒可以免???音?). 由于上述原因, ?毒?件在中?可以代表?字?容??而且在中??毒市?探索了??价?在?客的?字?容感知价?中的??. ?了提高???据的可?性, ??究集中在那些有使用?毒?件??的人群. ???果?示, ??价???客??字?容的感知价?有??的影?. ?句??, 因??字?容是无形的, 再造成本?乎?零, 客?的??是根据他?的??. ?外, 形象和口碑不?生??的影?, 只???价?有影?. ?就是?, ?字?容价??不同于普通?品或服?. ??价?有?著的?????形象和口碑?感知价?的作用. ???究?果有助于了解?什?在?展中?家存在免?的?字?容下?. 客?只有通????才可以感知?字?容的价?. ?也是?什?政府如此扶持?展?字?容. 其他?展中?家在起步?段的?字?容企?可以借??里的建?. ?外, 基于???略的??, 公司??更努力投?于客?的??. 由于?字?容的特点和价???的存在, ?客只有??了他??正想要的才能感知更多的无形的?字?容的价?. 而且, 因?再造成本近乎

Distribution, Size and Development Phases of Knots for Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin in Northeast China

Jia, Weiwei,Li, Fengri Korean Society of Forest Science 2005 한국산림과학회지 Vol.94 No.5

This study was performed in a 38-year-old Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin) plantation in northeast China. Data were collected from 5 sample trees with different canopy position ranging in DBH from 14.6 cm to 23.8 cm. Sawn speciments that included the biggest knot were taken from the stem below the living crown. Number and distribution of knots per whorl below the living crown were studied by relative height below living crown (RHBC). A linear model expressed as function of whorl age (AGE), whorl height ($H_k$) and the stem diameter at which the whorl was located ($D_k$) was developed to predict the knot diameter and angle. The number of annual rings in four periods and the width of respective zone alone stem were used as dependant variables to analyze the knot develop phases. In average, the number of years from branch birth to ceased forming rings was 7.8, the branches remained alive for 4.2 years without forming annual rings, and branches were occluded 14.4 years after their death. These results can provide abundance branch and knot information so as to describe current and past tree growth dynamic of Mongolian pine plantation.

Study on Aboveground Biomass of Pinus sylvesris var. mongolica Plantation Forest in Northeast China Based on Prediction Equations

Jia, Weiwei,Li, Lu,Li, Fengri Institute of Forest Science 2012 Journal of Forest Science Vol.28 No.2

A total of 45 Pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica trees from 9 plots in northeast China were destructively sampled to develop aboveground prediction equations for inventory application. Sampling plots covered a range of stand ages (12-47-years-old) and densities (450-3,840/ha). The distribution of aboveground biomass of whole-trees and tree component (stems, branches and leaves) of individual trees were studied and 4 equations were developed as functions of diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (HT). All the equations have good estimation effect with high prediction precision over 90%. Forest biomass was estimated based on the individual biomass prediction equations. It was found forest biomass of all organs increased with the increasing of stand age and density. And the period of 45-50 years was the suitable harvest time for Pinus sylvesris plantation.

Modeling Knot Properties for Mongolian Pine in Northeast China

Jia, Weiwei,Li, Fengri,Jiang, Lichun Korean Society of Forest Science 2008 한국산림과학회지 Vol.97 No.5

This study was performed in 14 unthinned Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin) plantations in northeast China. Data were collected on 70 sample trees of different canopy position with diameter at breast height (DBH) ranging from 6.9 cm to 34.5 cm. Diameter and length of knots per whorl below the living crown were studied by different vertical levels divided by relative knot height (RHK) in this paper. Models taking DBH and height to the crown base (HCB) as independent variables were developed to predict knot diameter (KD) in a sample whorl. According to the vertical distribution tendency and range of sound knot length (KLsound), KLsound was modeled as multiple linear function of DBH, KD and relative knot height (RHK). The loose knot length (KLloose) was described as a function of DBH, KD and height above the ground for knots (HK) in a mixed log-linear model. Results from this study can provide abundant knot information so as to describe the knot size and vertical distribution tendency of Mongolian pine plantation.

The Effects of Interactivity, Experiential Value and Participation on Web Brand Loyalty

Jia, Weiwei,김세범 한국기업경영학회 2013 기업경영연구 Vol.20 No.3

Majority of researches about brands mainly focus on customer goods settings and service settings in offline environment. For a better understanding of emerging web brands, this study investigates the role of interactivity, experiential value and participation in the process of web brand building. In this study, we choose virtual community business as a representative for web business (brand) in China. Out of 460 chinese users surveyed, 422 responses were adopted for the analysis. The research results show that interactivity affects web brand loyalty through brand experiential value, satisfaction and web brand attitude. It is interesting that interactivity affects brand experiential value rather than satisfaction and brand experiential value plays an important role by mediating the effect of perceived interactivity on satisfaction. Web brand managers need to try to explore different experiential strategies to enhance brand experience. The role of customer participation on the effects of satisfaction and those of web brand attitude on web brand loyalty is also explored. The research results show that customer participation moderates the effects of satisfaction and web brand attitude on web brand loyalty. Interestingly enough, the impacts of satisfaction and brand attitude on brand loyalty decrease with the increasing level of participation. In other words, satisfaction and web brand attitude better predict web brand loyalty for lurkers (passive participation) than posters (active participation). Hence, participation need to be included for marketing strategies based on web brand loyalty and its predictors.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 increases radioresistance of lung cancer cells by enhancing the DNA damage response

Weiwei Jiang,Guanghui Jin,Fangfang Cai,Xiao Chen,Nini Cao,Xiangyu Zhang,Jia Liu,Fei Chen,Feng Wang,Wei Dong,Hongqin Zhuang,Zichun Hua 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-

Radiotherapy is a frequent mode of cancer treatment, although the development of radioresistance limits its effectiveness. Extensive investigations indicate the diversity of the mechanisms underlying radioresistance. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) on lung cancer radioresistance and the associated mechanisms. Our data showed that ERK5 is activated during solid lung cancer development, and ectopic expression of ERK5 promoted cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle transition. In addition, we found that ERK5 is a potential regulator of radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that ERK5 could trigger IR-induced activation of Chk1, which has been implicated in DNA repair and cell cycle arrest in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Subsequently, ERK5 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition selectively inhibited colony formation of lung cancer cells and enhanced IR-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis. In vivo, ERK5 knockdown strongly radiosensitized A549 and LLC tumor xenografts to inhibition, with a higher apoptotic response and reduced tumor neovascularization. Taken together, our data indicate that ERK5 is a novel potential target for the treatment of lung cancer, and its expression might be used as a biomarker to predict radiosensitivity in NSCLC patients.

Joint estimation for SOC and capacity after current measurement offset redress with two‑stage forgetting factor recursive least square method

Weiwei Huo,Yunxu Jia,Yong Chen,Aobo Wang 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.12

To ensure the safe operation of electric vehicles (EVs), it is essential to estimate the internal status of lithium-ion batteries online. When current sensors are faulty, current measurement offset (CMO) interference occurs, and traditional state estimation algorithms become invalid due to incorrect current data. In this paper, a two-stage forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS) algorithm is proposed for online identification of battery parameters and estimation of the CMO. Afterwards, a joint estimation framework is established to obtain the state of charge (SOC) and capacity with adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) and iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) algorithms, respectively. The open-source dataset of the CALCE Battery Research Group is used to verify the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm. The results show that the mean absolute error (MAE) of the CMO online estimation is less than 2.5 mA, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the SOC estimation is less than 2%, and the error in estimating the usable capacity is less than 2.5%.