AsJAZ1 represses the expression of the sesquiterpene synthase gene based on the JA signaling pathway in Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg

Liao Yongcui,Pan Rongbin,Wei Jianhe,LV Feifei 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.1

Aquilaria sinensis is a species of plant endemic to China, which is typical wound-induced economic plant. It is widely used in the production of perfume, incense and traditional Chinese medicine. A healthy A. sinensis tree cannot produce agarwood. It forms agarwood only when wounded. Sesquiterpenes and phenylethyl chromone derivatives have been demonstrated to be the main active compounds in agarwood, but little is known about jasmonate (JA) signaling that regulates the biosynthesis of agarwood sesquiterpenes. In this work, we firstly cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of a JA signaling suppressor gene (JAZ) from A. sinensis, and then characterized its roles through bioinformatics prediction, tissue expression, wounding-induced expression, subcellular localization, protein interaction and overexpression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that the full-length cDNA sequence of JAZ gene (termed as AsJAZ1, GenBank accession number: KP677281) is 1507 bp, containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 990 bp. The bioinformatics analysis shows that the deduced amino acid residues contain a tify (ZIM) domain, the same as A. thaliana JAZ3 protein. Mechanical wounding and MeJA were found to up-regulate the expression level of the AsJAZ1 gene. The AsJAZ1 could interact with the MYC2 transcription factor in vitro. The MYC2 transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtMYC2) was minimally expressed in transgenic plants and had a weak response to MeJA treatment. The AsJAZ1 overexpression in A. thaliana was observed to down-regulate the expression of sesquiterpene synthase genes (TPS21 and TPS11), suggesting that AsJAZ1 might serve as a repressor to regulate the expression of sesquiterpene synthase genes in Aquilaria plants. Taken together, this work may lay a foundation for identifying the JA signaling pathway and exploring the role of JA signaling in agarwood sesquiterpene biosynthesis in A. sinensis trees.

The Inventory and Statistics of Potential Large-scale Landslide Areas in Southern Taiwan

( Kuo-wei Li ),( Chien-yu Lin ),( Jyh-jong Liao ),( Yi-wen Pan ),( Keng-hao Kang ),( Che-ming Yang ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

This study produced an inventory of the 2,523 potential large-scale landslide areas (PLSLAs) in southern Taiwan. These PLSLAs were delineated using LiDAR DEM of 1m resolution after the 2009 Typhoon Morakot by other institutes. Using the inventory, we conducted a statistical analysis of the important geologic and geomorphologic factors possibly related to a PLSLA. The statistical analyses reveal that, among the 2,523 PLSLAs, (1) 82% of elevation are between 750 and 2,750 m, (2) 79% of the area are between 10 and 40 hectares, (3) 76% of the slope height are between 200 and 600 m, (4) 86% of the slope are between 25 and 40 degrees and (5) 83 percent of stream order are less than 3. Rock formations of these PLSLAs range from Oligocene to Miocene; 67% of the strata are slate, and 12% are interbedded of sandstone and shale. This study selected 24 medium to high risk cases of the 2,523 PLSLAs, and interpreted the micro-geomorphological features from 1m LiDAR DEM. The following three patterns were present: (1) PLSLA with clear features of gravitational slope deformation in slope height more than 500 m condition, (2) PLSLA with the relic of paleo landslides induced by gravitational buckling, toppling, or plane sliding, (3) PLSLA with river bank erosion on slope toe and head-cut erosion induced by gully development. Based on statistics, the stream order of the PLSLAs with gravitational slope deformation usually would exceed 3; 83% of PLSLAs are the areas also with paleo large-scale landslide.

Characterization, Expression Profiling, and Functional Identification of a Gene Encoding Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase from Salvia miltiorrhiza

Guoyin Kai,Pan Liao,Wei Zhou,Jing Wang,Hui Xu,Yuanyun Liu,Tong Zhang,Lin Zhang 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.2

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS,EC: 2.5.1.29) catalyzes the biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which is a key precursor for diterpenes including tanshinone. In this study, a full-length cDNA encoding GGPPS was isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for the first time, which was designated as SmGGPPS (GenBank Accession No. FJ643617). The full-length cDNA of SmGGPPS was 1,234 bp containing a 1,092 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 364 amino acids. Analysis of SmGGPPS genomic DNA revealed that it contained 2 exons and 1 intron. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the deduced SmGGPPS had extensive homology with other plant GGPPSs contained all 5 conserved domains and functional aspartate-rich motifs of the prenyltransferases. Molecular modeling showed that SmGGPPS is a new GGPPS with a spatial structure similar to other plant GGPPSs. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that SmGGPPS belongs to the plant GGPPS super-family and has the closest relationship with GGPPS from Nicotiana attenuate. The functional identification in Escherichia coli showed that SmGGPPS could accelerate the biosynthesis of carotenoid, demonstrating that SmGGPPS encoded a functional protein. Expression pattern analysis implied that SmGGPPS expressed higher in leaves and roots, weaker in stems. The expression of SmGGPPS could be up-regulated by Salicylic acid (SA) in leaves and inhibited by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in 3 tested tissues, suggesting that SmGGPPS was elicitor-responsive. This work will be helpful to understand more about the role of SmGGPPS involved in the tanshinones biosynthesis pathway and metabolic engineering to improve tanshiones production in S. miltiorrhiza.

Hydrogen Peroxide is Involved in Salicylic Acid-Induced Adventitious Rooting in Cucumber Under Cadmium Stress

Gong Wenting,Niu Lijuan,Wang Chunlei,Wei Lijuan,Pan Ying,Liao Weibiao 한국식물학회 2022 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.65 No.1

Cadmium (Cd) stress can cause system disorders in plants, affect the absorption of some nutrients. The roles and their relationship of salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in adventitious root formation (ARF) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Cd stress were studied. The results showed that the exogenous SA and H2O2 in enhancing ARF in cucumber explants under Cd stress was concentration-dependent, with an optimal biological effect at 0.1 µM SA or 50 µM H2O2. Under Cd stress, SA-induced ARF was significantly reversed by H2O2 scavenger and inhibitor, indicating that endogenous H2O2 may be involved in SA-induced ARF under Cd stress. In addition, endogenous H2O2 levels were also promoted by SA in cucumber explants. The application of SA promoted pectin content and decreased pectin methylesterification degree under Cd stress. Moreover, we founded that SA and SA + H2O2 up-regulated the expression level of CsQUA and CsPME under Cd stress, respectively. However, the application of H2O2 scavenger and inhibitor could significantly reverse the effects of SA on the expression of the above genes. These results suggested that SA might play an important role in ARF in cucumber under Cd stress via enhancing endogenous H2O2 levels.

Effect of different dielectrics on performance of sub-5.1 nm blue phosphorus Schottky barrier field-effect transistor from quantum transport simulation

Chen Wen,Jing Sicheng,Wang Yu,Pan Jinghua,Li Wei,Bian Baoan,Liao Bin 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.43 No.-

Two-dimensional materials have attracted great attention because of their ultra-thin atomic layer thickness and high carrier mobility. In this work, we investigated the electronic transport of in-plane (IP) heterojunction based on Cu/Blue Phosphorus (BlueP), and the results suggest the metallization at the IP Cu/BlueP contact interface and a small Schottky barrier. Then, we investigated the performance of 5.1 nm IP BlueP Schottky barrier field-effect transistors (SBFET) with different dielectrics (SiO2, Al2O3, Y2O3, and La2O3) using quantum transport simulations. The results show that IP BlueP SBFETs with four dielectrics satisfy the off-state requirement of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for the high-performance (HP) device. However, the on-state current of only IP BlueP SBFET with La2O3 satisfies the requirements of ITRS. This will provide a reference for designing BlueP SBFETs.

Evolution of Multi-temporal Landslides at Luhu, Miaoli County, Taiwan

( Che-ming Yang ),( Keng-hao Kang ),( Kuo-wei Li ),( Hui-jung Wang ),( Ching-ping Hsiao ),( Jyh-jong Liao ),( Yii-wen Pan ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

A deep-seated landslide took place in Luhu, Miao-Li, Taiwan during intermittent rainfall in April 2018; initially, there were successive rock falls and gully erosion then leaded to a deep-seated landslide failure eventually. This study aims to understand the failure mechanism and the process of deep-seated failure. The study site is a steep anaclinal slope consisting of the Miocence Shihti Formation with thick sandstone, interbedded of sandstone and shale. We collected multi-temporal ortho-images and digital elevation (surface) models from 1980 to 2019 for geological investigation, geomorphological interpretation and numerical simulation. The images reveal several slope failures at 1998, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2015, 2017 and 2018 with various volume and failure types. The study area contains three sub-regions: the north, the northwest and the southwest slopes. The slope failure occurred repeatedly inside the north and the northwest slopes in the early stage. Gully erosion in the southwest slope progressed to a landslide on April 5, 2018 first and expanded to cover the deep-seated landslide failure in the northwest slope eventually; the slope failure resulted in a natural dam. After the landslide, several open cracks appeared near to the crown. The estimated maximum thickness, area and volume of the deep-seated landslide are ~60 m, 65,000 m2 and ~2 Mm3, respectively. Based on these results, we also performed a series of numerical simulation using the software RAMMS to interpret the run out and the deposition of this landslide case.

DICOM-Based Multi-Center Electronic Medical Records Management System

Jui-Hung Kao,Chien-Yeh Hsu,Yu-Ping Sung,Wei-Pan Liao 보안공학연구지원센터 2010 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.2 No.2

Abrupt Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate after Initiating Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Predicts Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Min-Hsiang Chuang,Yu-Shuo Tang,Jui-Yi Chen,Heng-Chih Pan,Hung-Wei Liao,Wen-Kai Chu,Chung-Yi Cheng,Vin-Cent Wu,Michael Heung 대한당뇨병학회 2024 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.48 No.2

Background: The initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) typically leads to a reversible initial dip in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The implications of this phenomenon on clinical outcomes are not well-defined.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 23, 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials and cohort studies comparing kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without initial eGFR dip after initiating SGLT2i. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effect meta-analysis.Results: We included seven studies in our analysis, which revealed that an initial eGFR dip following the initiation of SGLT2i was associated with less annual eGFR decline (mean difference, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.437 to 0.843) regardless of baseline eGFR. The risk of major adverse kidney events was similar between the non-dipping and dipping groups but reduced in patients with a ≤10% eGFR dip (hazard ratio [HR], 0.915; 95% CI, 0.865 to 0.967). No significant differences were observed in the composite of hospitalized heart failure and cardiovascular death (HR, 0.824; 95% CI, 0.633 to 1.074), hospitalized heart failure (HR, 1.059; 95% CI, 0.574 to 1.952), or all-cause mortality (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.589 to 1.170). The risk of serious adverse events (AEs), discontinuation of SGLT2i due to AEs, kidney-related AEs, and volume depletion were similar between the two groups. Patients with >10% eGFR dip had increased risk of hyperkalemia compared to the non-dipping group.Conclusion: Initial eGFR dip after initiating SGLT2i might be associated with less annual eGFR decline. There were no significant disparities in the risks of adverse cardiovascular outcomes between the dipping and non-dipping groups.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells via the Sirtuin 1-Dependent Signaling Pathway

Gong, Kai,Qu, Bo,Wang, Cairu,Zhou, Jingsong,Liao, Dongfa,Zheng, Wei,Pan, Xianming Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.6

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by lack of insulin and high glucose levels. T2DM can cause bone loss and fracture, thus leading to diabetic osteoporosis. Promoting osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts may effectively treat diabetic osteoporosis. We previously reported that Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a $NAD^+$-dependent deacetylase, promotes osteogenic differentiation through downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ${\gamma}$. We also found that miR-132 regulates osteogenic differentiation by downregulating Sirt1 in a $PPAR{\beta}/{\delta}$-dependent manner. The ligand-activated transcription factor, $PPAR{\alpha}$, is another isotype of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family that helps maintain bone homeostasis and promot bone formation. Whether the regulatory role of $PPAR{\alpha}$ in osteogenic differentiation is mediated via Sirt1 remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to determine this role and the underlying mechanism by using high glucose (HG) and free fatty acids (FFA) to mimic T2DM in MC3T3-E1 cells. The results showed that HG-FFA significantly inhibited expression of $PPAR{\alpha}$, Sirt1 and osteogenic differentiation, but these effects were markedly reversed by $PPAR{\alpha}$ overexpression. Moreover, siSirt1 attenuated the positive effects of $PPAR{\alpha}$ on osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that $PPAR{\alpha}$ promotes osteogenic differentiation in a Sirt1-dependent manner. Luciferase activity assay confirmed interactions between $PPAR{\alpha}$ and Sirt1. These findings indicate that $PPAR{\alpha}$ promotes osteogenic differentiation via the Sirt1-dependent signaling pathway.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells via the Sirtuin 1-Dependent Signaling Pathway

Kai Gong,Bo Qu,Cairu Wang,Jingsong Zhou,Dongfa Liao,Wei Zheng,Xianming Pan 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.6

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by lack of insulin and high glucose levels. T2DM can cause bone loss and fracture, thus leading to diabetic osteoporosis. Promoting osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts may effectively treat diabetic osteoporosis. We previously reported that Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, promotes osteogenic differentiation through downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. We also found that miR-132 regulates osteogenic differentiation by downregulating Sirt1 in a PPAR /δ-dependent manner. The ligand-activated transcription factor, PPAR , is another isotype of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family that helps maintain bone homeostasis and promot bone formation. Whether the regulatory role of PPAR in osteogenic differentiation is mediated via Sirt1 remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to de-termine this role and the underlying mechanism by using high glucose (HG) and free fatty acids (FFA) to mimic T2DM in MC3T3-E1 cells. The results showed that HG-FFA significantly inhibited expression of PPAR , Sirt1 and osteogenic differentiation, but these effects were markedly reversed by PPAR overexpression. Moreover, siSirt1 attenuated the positive effects of PPAR on osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that PPAR promotes osteogenic differentiation in a Sirt1-dependent manner. Luciferase activity assay confirmed interactions between PPAR and Sirt1. These findings indicate that PPAR promotes osteogenic differentiation via the Sirt1-dependent signaling pathway.