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A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Watanabe, Makoto,Yamaguchi, Masahiro,Matsumura, Hideyuki,Kohno, Yoshihisa,Koike, Takayoshi,Izuta, Takeshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.
A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Makoto Watanabe,Masahiro Yamaguchi,Hideyuki Matsumura,Yoshihisa Kohno,Takayoshi Koike,Takeshi Izuta 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone (O_3) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric O_3 in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species,risk assessments of O_3 impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of O_3 on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of O_3 impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). O_3 sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, O_3 exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of O_3 impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high O_3 exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to O_3 and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the O_3 sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high O_3 exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of O_3 on forest tree species in East Asia.
Conformational changes of short, discrete Rouse chain during creep and recovery processes
Watanabe, Hiroshi,Inoue, Tadashi The Korean Society of Rheology 2004 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.16 No.2
For the Rouse chain composed of infinite number of beads (continuous limit), conformational changes during the creep and creep recovery processes was recently analyzed to reveal the interplay among all Rouse eigenmodes under the constant stress condition (Watanabe and Inoue, Rheol. Acta, 2004). For completeness of the analysis of the Rouse model, this paper analyzes the conformational changes of the discrete Rouse chain having a finite number of beads (N = 3 and 4). The analysis demonstrates that the chain of finite N exhibits the affine deformation on imposition/removal of the stress and this deformation gives the instantaneous component of the recoverable compliance, $J_{R}$(0) = 1/(N-l)v $k_{B}$T with v and $k_{B}$ being the chain number density and Boltzmann constant, respectively. (This component vanishes for N\longrightarrow$\infty$.) For N = 2, it is known that the chain has only one internal eigenmode so that the affinely deformed conformation at the onset of the creep process does not change with time t and $J_{R}$(t) coincides with $J_{R}$(0) at any t (no transient increase of $J_{R}$(t)). However, for N$\geq$3, the chain has N-l eigenmodes (N-l$\geq$2), and this coincidence vanishes. For this case, the chain conformation changes with t to the non-affine conformation under steady flow, and this change is governed by the interplay of the Rouse eigenmodes (under the constant stress condition). This conformational change gives the non-instantaneous increase of $J_{R}$(t) with t, as also noted in the continuous limit (N\longrightarrow$\infty$).X>).).X>).
Dark aerobic methane emission associated to leaf factors of two Acacia and five Eucalyptus species
Watanabe, M.,Watanabe, Y.,Kim, Y.S.,Koike, T. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2012 Atmospheric environment Vol.54 No.-
We sought the biological factors determining variations in the methane emission rates from leaves of different plant species under aerobic conditions. Accordingly, we studied relations between the methane emission rate and leaf traits of two Acacia and five Eucalyptus species. We grew seedlings of each species in a glasshouse and measured the methane emission rate of the detached leaves under dark conditions at 30 <SUP>o</SUP>C. At the same time we measured the leaf mass per area (LMA), water content, and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen. There was no correlation between the leaf nitrogen concentration and the methane emission rate. This is consistent with previous findings that enzymatic processes do not influence methane emission. We found a significant negative correlation between LMA and the methane emission rate. Our results suggest that leaf structure is primarily responsible for differences in the rates of aerobic methane emission from leaves of different species.
Treatment of Intractable Pneumothorax with Emphysema Using Endobronchial Watanabe Spigots
이두연,신유림,서지원,함석진,장윤수,Yoichi Watanabe 대한흉부외과학회 2013 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.46 No.3
Prolonged air leakage is a major cause of morbidity in pneumothorax. When conservative management is not effective, surgery should be performed. However, surgery is not appropriate in patients with low pulmonary function. In these patients, occlusion of the airway with endobronchial blockers may be attempted under bronchoscopy. We treated two patients with prolonged air leakage using endobronchial Watanabe spigots under fibrobronchoscopy.
Watanabe, H.,Wang, H.K.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Xu, Z.Y.,Sumikama, T.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Doornenbal, P.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H.S.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Wu, J.,Yagi, A.,Baba, H.,Benzon Elsevier 2019 Physics letters: B Vol.792 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The neutron-rich isotopes of palladium have attracted considerable interest in terms of the evolution of the N = 82 neutron shell closure and its influence on the <I>r</I>-process nucleosynthesis. In this Letter, we present the first spectroscopic information on the excited states in <SUP>125</SUP>Pd<SUB>79</SUB> and <SUP>127</SUP>Pd<SUB>81</SUB> studied using the EURICA <I>γ</I>-ray spectrometer, following production via in-flight fission of a high-intensity <SUP>238</SUP>U beam at the RIBF facility. New isomeric states with half-lives of 144(4) ns and 39(6) μs have been assigned spins and parities of ( 23 / <SUP> 2 + </SUP> ) and ( 19 / <SUP> 2 + </SUP> ) in <SUP>125</SUP>Pd and <SUP>127</SUP>Pd, respectively. The observed level properties are compared to a shell-model calculation, suggesting the competition between proton excitations and neutron excitations in the proton-hole and neutron-hole systems in the vicinity of the doubly magic nucleus <SUP>132</SUP>Sn.</P>