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LIGA-like 공정을 이용한 마이크로 부품 복제용 Ni과 Ni-W 금형 제조 및 특성
황완식,박준식,강영철,조진우,박순섭,이인규,강성군,Hwang, W.S.,Park, J.S.,Kang, Y.C.,Cho, J.W.,Park, S.S.,Lee, I.G.,Kang, S.G. 한국재료학회 2003 한국재료학회지 Vol.13 No.1
Electroplated Ni and Ni-W micro-molds using LIGA-like process for replication of micro-components such as microfluidic parts and micro optical parts have been investigated. In general, it is hard to produce micro-parts using conventional mechanical processes. Micro-mold formed by LIGA-like process could fabricate micro-parts with high aspect ratio. In this paper, fabrication and properties of electroplated Ni molds with varying applied current types as well as those of Ni-W molds were investigated. Ni molds fabricated under pulse-reverse current showed the highest hardness value of about 160 Hv. Ni-W molds showed the hardness of about 500 Hv which was much harder than that of Ni electroplated molds. The above results suggested that high quality micro-molds could be fabricated by using Ni electroplating of pulse-reverse type for core molds and sequential Ni-W alloys coating.
Kim, H.H.,Matthijnssens, J.,Kim, H.J.,Kwon, H.J.,Park, J.G.,Son, K.Y.,Ryu, E.H.,Kim, D.S.,Lee, W.S.,Kang, M.I.,Yang, D.K.,Hyun, B.H.,Park, S.I.,Park, S.J.,Cho, K.O. Elsevier Science 2012 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.12 No.7
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are agents causing severe gastroenteritis in infants and young animals. G9 RVA strains are believed to have originated from pigs. However, this genotype has emerged as the fifth major human RVA genotype worldwide. To better understand the relationship between human and porcine RVA strains, complete RVA genome data are needed. For human RVA strains, the number of complete genome data have grown exponentially. However, there is still a lack of complete genome data on porcine RVA strains. Recently, G9 RVA strains have been identified as the third most important genotype in diarrheic pigs in South Korea in combinations with P[7] and P[23]. This study is the first report on complete genome analyses of 1 G9P[7] and 3 G9P[23] porcine RVA strains, resulting in the following genotype constellation: G9-P[7]/P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. By comparisons of these genotype constellations, it was revealed that the Korean G9P[7] and G9P[23] RVA strains possessed a typical porcine RVA backbone, similar to other known porcine RVA strains. However, detailed phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of intra-genotype reassortments among porcine RVA strains in South Korea. Thus, our data provide genetic information of G9 RVA strains increasingly detected in both humans and pigs, and will help to establish the role of pigs as a source or reservoir for novel human RVA strains.
High-performance liquid chromatography method development for the quality control of Ginkgonis Semen
Le, V.N.H.,Lee, W.,Kim, Y.H.,Chae, G.H.,Chin, Y.W.,Kim, K.T.,Kang, J.S. Elsevier ; King Saud University 2017 Arabian Journal of Chemistry Vol.10 No.6
<P>Ginkgonis Semen (GS) is the seed of Ginkgo biloba Linne and a valuable material for herbal medicines and functional foods in China, Japan and Korea. The main bio-compounds of GS are GA, GB and GC like the leaves. There are many studies for the analysis of ginkgolides in the leaves or leaves extract of G. biloba because the leaves extract is a valuable material in pharmaceutical industries. However, there is no efficient analytical method for the quality control of GS based on the quantitation of ginkgolides because of matrix effect induced by different chemical composition. So, there are no content criteria of GS in Pharmacopoeia of Korea, Japan and China until now. This study aimed to develop HPLC method using ginkgolides based on the quantitation of GA, GB and GC for the quality control of GS with the optimization of sample preparation to enhance the analytical sensitivity and reproducibility. At first, defatting process using petroleum ether and liquid-liquid extraction were applied for sample preparation to remove matrix effect. The HPLC-ELSD method was developed with the mobile phase of a 0.5% aqueous acetic acid and methanol-acetonitrile solution (1: 1 ratio) under gradient conditions. GA, GB and GC contents in GS were different between Korea and China. The mean quantity of Korean samples was 4.85 +/- 2.33 lg/g GA, 48.38 +/- 5.10 lg/g GB, and 37.83 +/- 7.64 lg/g GC. Those contents of Chinese samples were higher than Korean samples as 9.39 +/- 2.51 lg/g GA, 123.59 +/- 26.24 lg/g GB and 53.39 +/- 4.97 lg/g GC. It indicated that the discrimination of GS between Korea and China could be achieved by marker compound contents. Furthermore, the geographical discrimination of GS between Korea and China was confirmed by PCA using the quantitative data of marker compounds. By statistical analysis, the calculated content criteria of GS by regression method were 2.35 lg/g of GA, 29.20 lg/g of GB, and 27.75 lg/g of GC, based on dry weight. Thus, our HPLC method shows potential toward the development of a universal quality control methodology to quantify GS quality and origin. (C) 2016 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.</P>
농촌형 녹색마을에 신재생에너지 보급을 위한 시설재배 및 농업기계의 CO2 배출량 분석
김종구(J.G. Kim),유영선(Y.S. Ryou),강연구(Y.K. Kang),김영화(Y.H. Kim),장재경(J.K. Jang),김현태(H.T. Kim),서광욱(K.W. Seo),이승기(S.K. Lee),조희제(H.J. Cho),강지원(J.W. Kang) 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.1
화석에너지 의존도를 줄이면서 CO2 배출량을 낮추기 위하여 정부에서는 녹색마을을 선정하고 에너지자급률을 40% 수준으로 높이려는 계획을 추진 중이다. 본 연구는 각 농업 분야 중에서 농기계의 사용과 재배 시설에 있어서의 에너지 사용량을 파악하고 이를 바이오디젤로 대체하였을 때의 CO2 저감수준을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 농업 각 분야별 에너지 소비수준의 분석, 그리고 실천 가능한 신재생 에너지원의 선정이 요구된다. 경종재배의 전체 연간온실가스 배출량은 5,667,258 t-CO2이고, 그 중 시설 부문은 4,932,607 t-CO2인 것으로 분석되었으며, 농업시설 부문 중 에너지원별로 보면 경유가 3,105,707t-CO2, 중유가 1,370,578 t-CO2를 배출하는 것으로 분석되었다. 우리나라 시설작물의 단위 면적당 온실가스 평균배출량은 29,418 t-CO2/ha인 것으로 나타났다. 농기계별 2007년 총에너지소비량을 살펴보면 트랙터가 284,763 kL로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 동력 경운기221,314 kL, 곡물건조기 145,524 kL, 콤바인 72,537 kL 등의 순이었다. 전라북도 G시를 대상으로 이용 중인 시설재배와 농업기계의 이산화탄소 배출량을 비교분석한 결과,바이오디젤로 전환하면 약 7% 정도의 CO2 감소효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. In order to reduce dependence on the fossil fuels and CO2 gas emission in farming activities, the government has pushed ahead with making the self-sufficiency of farming energy up 40% level in green villages. The objectives of this study are to survey the energy consumption of horticultural facilities or agricultural machineries, and to analyze the reduced CO2 gas emission level from fossil fuel to bio-diesel fuel. For the implement of this study, it is necessary to analyze the energy consumption level in the various sector of farming activities, and available renewable energy sources should be selected. Annual total CO2 gas emission in the tillage farming sector was analyzed as 5,667,258 t-CO2 and that in the horticultural facilities occupied 4,932,607 t-CO2, while the CO2 gas emission level of diesel fuel was 3,105,707 t-CO2, and that of the heavy oil showed 1,370,578 t-CO2. The average CO2 gas emission level of horticultural facilities in the country was analyzed as 29,418 t-CO2/ha. Among the total energy consumption of agricultural machineries, tractor used 284,763kL, power tiller spent 221,314 kL, grain drier consumed 145,524kL and combine tractor expend 72,537kL. From the comparison of CO2 gas emission level between fossil fuel and bio-diesel fuel for the horticultural facilities or agricultural machinery in G-City, Jeonbuk Province, the CO2 gas emission level can be reduced by 7% through replacing the fuel from fossil to biodiesel.