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Takashi Yokoyama,Masaru Nakamura,Junichi Tatami,Toru Wakihara,Takeshi Meguro 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.5
Preparation of cubic spinel-type oxides, Mn(1.75−1.25X)Co2.5XNi1.25(1−X)O4 (0 ≤X≤ 0.6), and their electrical properties were investigated. The starting oxides, containing metals with a prescribed molar ratio, were heated to 1400℃ and held for 3 h in argon. The sintered bodies were cooled to 800 oC and then oxidized for 48 h in air to convert them into a cubic spinel structure. The electrical conductivities of the sintered bodies were confirmed to increase exponentially with an increase in the temperature, indicating that they have intrinsic NTC thermistor characteristics. In the region of 0 ≤ X≤ 0.4, the electrical conductivity increased with an increase in X and decreased with an increase in X in the region of 0.4 < X ≤ 0.6. The concentration of Mn4+ in the octahedral sites of the spinel structure was considered to be larger than that of Mn3+ because the sintered bodies were n-type semiconducting. The electrical conduction of the oxides prepared in this study was concluded to be controlled by a small polaron hopping mechanism. Preparation of cubic spinel-type oxides, Mn(1.75−1.25X)Co2.5XNi1.25(1−X)O4 (0 ≤X≤ 0.6), and their electrical properties were investigated. The starting oxides, containing metals with a prescribed molar ratio, were heated to 1400℃ and held for 3 h in argon. The sintered bodies were cooled to 800 oC and then oxidized for 48 h in air to convert them into a cubic spinel structure. The electrical conductivities of the sintered bodies were confirmed to increase exponentially with an increase in the temperature, indicating that they have intrinsic NTC thermistor characteristics. In the region of 0 ≤ X≤ 0.4, the electrical conductivity increased with an increase in X and decreased with an increase in X in the region of 0.4 < X ≤ 0.6. The concentration of Mn4+ in the octahedral sites of the spinel structure was considered to be larger than that of Mn3+ because the sintered bodies were n-type semiconducting. The electrical conduction of the oxides prepared in this study was concluded to be controlled by a small polaron hopping mechanism.
Kazunari Takeuchi,Toru Yokoyama 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.3
Objective: Muscles are usually detached from C2 to facilitate C2 pedicle screw insertion. The aim of this study was to compare 1-year postoperative axial symptoms and limitations in activities of daily livings (ADLs) accompanying reduced neck mobility between 2 procedures in which all C2 muscle attachments are preserved: laminoplasty and C2 to T1 fusion (LPF group: n=15) and laminoplasty alone (LP group: n=26). Methods: We examined axial symptoms and limitations in ADLs using the Japanese Orthopedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire. We also examined related factors, including the occiput (O)–C7 angle in extension and flexion, and the rotational and O–C2 ranges of motion (ROM). Results: The postoperative decreases in the O–C7 angle in flexion (27.8° vs. 9.4°) and rotational ROM (40° vs. 15°), as well as the compensating postoperative increase in the O–C2 ROM (11.7° vs. 2.3°), were significantly greater in the LPF group. Most of the axial symptoms were similar between groups. The ability to perform ADLs tended to worsen more frequently in the LPF group, but the difference did not achieve significance. Conclusion: Postoperative changes in axial symptoms and loss of ROM were not obstacles affecting patients’ ability to perform ADLs after laminoplasty with muscle-sparing C2 to T1 fusion.
Hitoshi Kudo,Kazunari Takeuchi,Toru Yokoyama,Yoshihito Yamasaki,Kanichiro Wada,Gentaro Kumagai,Toru Asari,Hironori Otsuka,Yasuyuki Ishibashi 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.4
Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: We experienced the situation wherein some patients had new-onset pain or dysesthesia around the ring and little fingers (C8 symptom) or ulnar aspect of the forearm (T1 symptom) after cervical laminoplasty (LP). We investigated the incidence and the cause of new C8 or T1 symptoms and the clinical outcomes after C3–C6 LP or C3–C7 LP. Overview of Literature: There were some reports regarding complications after cervical LP. However, there was no report regarding C8 or T1 symptoms after cervical LP. Methods: Among the 33 patients enrolled in this study, 11 and 22 patients were treated with C3–C6 LP and C3–C7 LP, respectively. We prospectively evaluated C8 or T1 symptoms daily postoperatively for 1 week. The distance of the posterior spinal cord shifting and posterior subarachnoid space from C2 to T1 was measured by T2-weighted midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated pre- and postoperative axial neck pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and JOA score improvement rate. Results: C8 or T1 symptoms occurred in five and three patients with C3–C6 LP (45.5%) and C3–C7 LP (13.6%), respectively. The distance of the posterior subarachnoid space in C3–C6 LP at C7 was significantly shorter than that in C3–C7 LP at T1 on MRI 24 hours postoperatively (p=0.0448). Postoperative axial neck pain, pre- and postoperative JOA scores, and JOA score improvement rate were not significantly different. Conclusions: The incidence of C8 or T1 symptoms in C3–C6 LP was higher than that in C3–C7 LP. C8 or T1 symptoms would be caused by the posterior fila radicularia and spinal cord impingement on the intact lower end of the lamina.
Imanaka, Masaki,Onda, Yusuke,Baba, Jumpei,Yoshihara, Toru,Yokoyama, Akihiko The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2011 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.1 No.3
In this paper, the use of a seawater desalination system as a controllable load is proposed to compensate the power fluctuation of renewable energy sources and control methods are discussed. On/Off control tests were conducted with the actual desalination system without a power converter and variable pump speed tests were conducted with a experimental desalination system with a power converter. The On/Off control turned out to be not so useful for power quality enhancement. With a power converter, the power consumption of the system can be controlled with enough accuracy and response speed for the suppression of the power fluctuations caused by wind turbines and photovoltaic cells.