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Seo, Yong-Seok,Jeong, Seung-Pyo,Holsen, Thomas M.,Han, Young-Ji,Choi, Eunhwa,Park, Eun Ha,Kim, Tae Young,Eum, Hee-Sang,Park, Dae Gun,Kim, Eunhye,Kim, Soontae,Kim, Jeong-Hun,Choi, Jaewon,Yi, Seung-Muk Copernicus GmbH 2016 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.16 No.15
<P>Abstract. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were measured every 5 min in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, during summer (17-23 August 2012), fall (9-17 October 2012), winter (22-29 January 2013), and spring (26 March-3 April 2013) to (1) characterize the hourly and seasonal variations of atmospheric TGM concentrations; (2) identify the relationships between TGM and co-pollutants; and (3) identify likely source directions and locations of TGM using the conditional probability function (CPF), conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF) and total potential source contribution function (TPSCF). The TGM concentration was statistically significantly highest in fall (6.7 ± 6.4 ng m−3), followed by spring (4.8 ± 4.0 ng m−3), winter (4.5 ± 3.2 ng m−3) and summer (3.8 ± 3.9 ng m−3). There was a weak but statistically significant negative correlation between the TGM concentration and ambient air temperature (r = −0.08, p<0.05). Although the daytime temperature (14.7 ± 10.0 °C) was statistically significantly higher than that in the nighttime (13.0 ± 9.8 °C) (p<0.05), the daytime TGM concentration (5.3 ± 4.7 ng m−3) was statistically significantly higher than that in the nighttime (4.7 ± 4.7 ng m−3) (p<0.01), possibly due to local emissions related to industrial activities and activation of local surface emission sources. The observed ΔTGM ∕ ΔCO was significantly lower than that of Asian long-range transport, but similar to that of local sources in Korea and in US industrial events, suggesting that local sources are more important than those of long-range transport. CPF, CBPF and TPSCF indicated that the main sources of TGM were iron and manufacturing facilities, the hazardous waste incinerators and the coastal areas. </P>
Mercury wet deposition in rural Korea: concentrations and fluxes
Ahn, Myeong-Chan,Yi, Seung-Muk,Holsen, Thomas M.,Han, Young-Ji Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of environmental monitoring Vol.13 No.10
<P>The characteristics of Hg wet deposition were investigated in a rural area of Korea from August 2006 to July 2008. The volume weighted mean (VWM) Hg(T) concentration and cumulative Hg(T) flux were 8.8 ng L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 9.4 μg m<SUP>−2</SUP> per year, respectively. The VWM Hg(T) concentration varied seasonally, similar to the seasonal pattern in atmospheric Hg(p) concentration. The enhancement of both VWM Hg(T) and atmospheric Hg(p) concentrations in spring and winter was likely caused by the long-range transport of Hg from China. Monthly VWM Hg(T) and atmospheric Hg(p) concentrations were well correlated (<I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 0.36); however, there was no correlation between VWM Hg(T) and RGM (reactive gaseous mercury) concentrations, suggesting that Hg(p) was responsible for the majority of the Hg in wet deposition at this site. The VWM Hg(T) concentration in snow was statistically higher than in rain. In addition, the atmospheric Hg(p) concentration appeared to be elevated for snow events as well. This suggests that both elevated Hg(p) concentrations and the enhanced scavenging efficiency of snow for Hg(p) were responsible for the elevated VWM Hg(T) concentrations measured during snow events.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Elevated Hg(p) concentrations and the enhanced scavenging efficiency of snow for Hg(p) were responsible for the elevated VWM Hg(T) concentrations during snow events. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1em10014a'> </P>
Bergmeijer, Thomas O.,Reny, Jean-Luc,Pakyz, Ruth E.,Gong, Li,Lewis, Joshua P.,Kim, Eun-Young,Aradi, Daniel,Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel,Horenstein, Richard B.,Lee, Ming Ta Michael,Whaley, Ryan M.,Montane Elsevier 2018 American Heart Journal Vol.198 No.-
<P><B>Rationale</B></P> <P>The P2Y<SUB>12</SUB> receptor inhibitor clopidogrel is widely used in patients with acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, or ischemic stroke. Platelet inhibition by clopidogrel shows wide interpatient variability, and high on-treatment platelet reactivity is a risk factor for atherothrombotic events, particularly in high-risk populations. <I>CYP2C19</I> polymorphism plays an important role in this variability, but heritability estimates suggest that additional genetic variants remain unidentified. The aim of the International Clopidogrel Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ICPC) is to identify genetic determinants of clopidogrel pharmacodynamics and clinical response.</P> <P><B>Study design</B></P> <P>Based on the data published on www.clinicaltrials.gov, clopidogrel intervention studies containing genetic and platelet function data were identified for participation. Lead investigators were invited to share DNA samples, platelet function test results, patient characteristics, and cardiovascular outcomes to perform candidate gene and genome-wide studies.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In total, 17 study sites from 13 countries participate in the ICPC, contributing individual patient data from 8,829 patients. Available adenosine diphosphate–stimulated platelet function tests included vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein assay, light transmittance aggregometry, and the VerifyNow P2Y<SUB>12</SUB> assay. A proof-of-principle analysis based on genotype data provided by each group showed a strong and consistent association between <I>CYP2C19</I>*2 and platelet reactivity (<I>P</I> value=5.1 × 10<SUP>−40</SUP>).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The ICPC aims to identify new loci influencing clopidogrel efficacy by using state-of-the-art genetic approaches in a large cohort of clopidogrel-treated patients to better understand the genetic basis of on-treatment response variability.</P>
A Mechanogenetic Toolkit for Interrogating Cell Signaling in Space and Time
Seo, Daeha,Southard, Kaden M.,Kim, Ji-wook,Lee, Hyun Jung,Farlow, Justin,Lee, Jung-uk,Litt, David B.,Haas, Thomas,Alivisatos, A. Paul,Cheon, Jinwoo,Gartner, Zev J.,Jun, Young-wook Cell Press 2016 Cell Vol. No.
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Tools capable of imaging and perturbing mechanical signaling pathways with fine spatiotemporal resolution have been elusive, despite their importance in diverse cellular processes. The challenge in developing a mechanogenetic toolkit (i.e., selective and quantitative activation of genetically encoded mechanoreceptors) stems from the fact that many mechanically activated processes are localized in space and time yet additionally require mechanical loading to become activated. To address this challenge, we synthesized magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles that can image, localize, and mechanically load targeted proteins with high spatiotemporal resolution. We demonstrate their utility by investigating the cell-surface activation of two mechanoreceptors: Notch and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). By measuring cellular responses to a spectrum of spatial, chemical, temporal, and mechanical inputs at the single-molecule and single-cell levels, we reveal how spatial segregation and mechanical force cooperate to direct receptor activation dynamics. This generalizable technique can be used to control and understand diverse mechanosensitive processes in cell signaling.</P> <P><B>Video Abstract</B></P> <P>Display Omitted</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Development of a mechanogenetic single-cell perturbation approach </LI> <LI> Interrogation of the spatial, chemical, and mechanical responses of Notch receptors </LI> <LI> Identification of the roles of spatial and mechanical cues on VE-cadherin signaling </LI> <LI> Spatiotemporal and quantitative control of single-cell transcription by nanoprobes </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Palanikumar, L.,Kim, Ho Young,Oh, Joon Yong,Thomas, Ajesh P.,Choi, Eun Seong,Jeena, M. T.,Joo, Sang Hoon,Ryu, Ja-Hyoung American Chemical Society 2015 Biomacromolecules Vol.16 No.9
<P>Advances in water-insoluble drug delivery systems are limited by selective delivery, loading capacity, and colloidal and encapsulation stability. We have developed a simple and robust hydrophobic-drug delivery platform with different types of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agents using a noncovalent gatekeeper’s technique with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The unmodified pores offer a large volume of drug loading capacity, and the loaded drug is stably encapsulated until it enters the cancer cells owing to the noncovalently bound polymer gatekeeper. In the presence of polymer gatekeepers, the drug-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles showed enhanced colloidal stability. The simplicity of drug encapsulation allows any combination of small chemotherapeutics to be coencapsulated and thus produce synergetic therapeutic effects. The disulfide moiety facilitates decoration of the nanoparticles with cysteine containing ligands through thiol–disulfide chemistry under mild conditions. To show the versatility of drug targeting to cancer cells, we decorated the surface of the shell-cross-linked nanoparticles with two types of peptide ligands, SP94 and RGD. The nanocarriers reported here can release encapsulated drugs inside the reducing microenvironment of cancer cells via degradation of the polymer shell, leading to cell death.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2015/bomaf6.2015.16.issue-9/acs.biomac.5b00589/production/images/medium/bm-2015-00589d_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm5b00589'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Seo, Yong-Seok,Han, Young-Ji,Holsen, Thomas M.,Choi, Eunhwa,Zoh, Kyung-Duk,Yi, Seung-Muk Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.104 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Event-based precipitation samples for total mercury (TM) were collected with a modified MIC-B sampler concurrent with atmospheric gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM) concentrations in Seoul, Korea from January 2006 to December 2009 to: 1) determine the seasonal variations in TM wet deposition, 2) investigate contributions of GOM and PBM scavenging to mercury wet deposition, and 3) identify source areas contributing to the high TM wet deposition using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM). The volume-weighted mean (VWM) TM concentration was highest in winter, while the wet deposition flux was highest in summer. Multiple linear regression showed that the scavenging coefficient (SC) for GOM was much higher than the SC for PBM indicating that GOM was more effectively scavenged by wet deposition than PBM. Joint-probability LPDM (JP-LPDM) indicated that the main sources of TM wet deposition were the industrial and coastal areas in China and Japan.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Total mercury (TM) in precipitation was collected with a modified MIC-B sampler. </LI> <LI> Atmospheric mercury species were also measured to identify their contribution to TM. </LI> <LI> Multiple linear regression revealed GOM was more effectively scavenged than was PBM. </LI> <LI> LPDM was used to identify the source area contributing to the high TM wet deposition. </LI> <LI> The industrial and coastal areas in China and Japan were identified as source areas. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>