부동산 유치권의 대항력 제한에 관한 법리 연구 - 대법원판결과 관련하여 -

김태건 ( Kim¸ Taegeon ),오세준 ( Oh¸ Saejoon ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2021 일감부동산법학 Vol.- No.23

유치권은 점유를 상실하면 유치권도 바로 소멸하므로 목적물의 점유를 침탈당하면 점유권에 의한 물권적 청구권만 인정되고 본권에 의한 물권적 청구권은 인정되지 않으며, 점유 상실시 물상대위성과 추급력도 인정되지 않는다. 그럼에도 불구하고 유치권은 누구에게도 대항할 수 있고 전면적 인수주의가 적용됨으로써 사실적 우선변제권이 인정될 뿐만 아니라 유치권의 오남용 등의 문제점 또한 적지 않고 이에 관한 학설 또한 분분하다. 그러나 유치권의 본질과 오남용은 존재의 평면을 달리하는 서로 다른 문제이기 때문에 유치권을 폐지하는 것보다는 본질을 살리고 오남용을 줄이기 위하여 유치권의 성립과 효력을 제한할 필요가 있다. 특히 유치권의 대항력 제한은 경매절차에서 다른 권리와의 관계 및 최근 대법원 판례의 혼돈과 관련하여 연구의 필요성이 더욱 절실하다. 문제는 유치권의 대항력을 제한하는 근거 또는 법리인데, 결론부터 언급하면 절차법상(압류·가압류·체납처분압류의 경우)으로는 처분금지효(대항력제한효)가, 실체법상으로는 신의칙(민법 제2조)이 법리상 타당하다고 본다. 한편 대법원은 2005다22688 이전(以前)의 판결과 저당권과 유치권의 충돌에 관한 2008다70763 판결에서는 유치권의 본질론에 입각하여 유치권의 대항력을 인정하였다. 그러나 2005다22688판결(압류 후 유치권 성립)에서는 처분금지효론으로, 2009다19246 판결(가압류 후 유치권 성립)에서는 처분금지효론과 절차적 안정성론으로, 2009다60336 전원합의체 판결(체납처분압류 후 유치권 성립)에서는 다시 집행절차의 법적 안정성론으로, 최근에는 신의칙 위반론(2011 다84298 판결)까지 매우 혼란스러운 판결을 거듭하고 있다. 이러한 대법원의 오락가락한 판결은 ‘사실적 처분행위’를 처분금지효의 처분으로 보지 않으려는 논리적 귀결로서 가압류는 잠정처분이라는 이유로, 체납처분압류는 공매절차와의 필연적 연계성이 없다는 이유로 애석하게도 절차적 안정성이라는 일반적·추상적인 우회법리를 내세워 유치권에 대한 대항력을 부정하였다. 종래의 통설ㆍ판례가 유치권의 대항력 제한 문제에서 혼란을 일으켰던 것은 ‘처분행위의 도그마’에 갇혀서 ‘대항’의 문제를 ‘처분’의 문제로 봄으로써 처분금지효론의 처분에는 ‘법률적 처분행위만’ 해당한다는 생각과 오해에서 벗어나지 못하였기 때문으로 판단되고, 대법원의 법리 혼란도 학설의 영향을 받아 애초의 처분금지효의 처분행위에 대한 잘못된 해석에서 비롯된 것으로 생각된다. 결국 대항의 문제를 처분으로 봄으로 인하여 생긴 논쟁은 ‘처분’을 ‘대항’으로의 인식 전환을 함으로써 종식될 수 있고, ‘대항력제한효론’에 의하면 처분행위에 대한 더 이상의 논쟁은 필요 없게 된다. 따라서 향후 2009다19246 판결(가압류 후 유치권 성립), 2009다60336 전원합의체 판결(체납처분압류 후 유치권 성립)도 2005다22688 판결(압류 후 유치권 성립)과 동일한 법리인 ‘처분금지효론’으로 회귀함이 타당하며(사견으로는 ‘처분금지효론’은 용어상ㆍ내용상 문제가 있으므로 ‘대항력제한효론’이 용어상 옳다고 본다), 2009다60336 전원합의체 판결의 반대 견해가 취한 ‘처분금지효론’은 용어상ㆍ내용상 문제가 있으므로 ‘대항력제한효론’에 입각함이 옳다. 결국 향후 유치권의 대항력 제한에 관하여 적용되어야 할 근거 법리는 처분금지효론(사견에 의하면 대항력제한효론)과 신의 칙론이라고 생각한다. In relation to the limiting the opposing power of real estate liens, the Supreme Court recognized the opposition of the opposing power based on the principle of the opposing power in the 2008 170763 ruling on the conflict between the opposing power and the ruling of the previous ruling of 2005. However, in the 2005da22688 ruling (the establishment of lien after seizure), the first landmark ruling to limit the opposition of lien by imposing the ban on disposal was made, sparking controversy about lien. The debate between academic and industrial field was hot over the factual disposition of the transfer of possession to the disposition of the prohibition of disposition, and the Supreme Court, unlike the seizure, is a logical consequence of not looking at the factual disposition as the disposition of the prohibition of disposition. It denied the opposition to lien by introducing the general and abstract bypass law of procedural stability. However, it is judged that the conventional wisdom caused confusion in the issue of the restriction of the opposing force of the lien because it was confined to the dogma of the disposition act and did not escape from the idea that the disposition of the disposition prohibition act was only a legal disposition act and misunderstanding. In the end, the futile argument caused by a disposition of the problem of the opposition can be ended by converting the ‘disposition’ into ‘countermeasures’, and according to the anti-force restriction theory, no further debate on the disposition act is required. Furthermore, the 2009 da19246 ruling (preemption) and the 2009 da60336 ruling (preemption of delinquent disposition) are valid to return to the same legal principle as the 2005 da22688 ruling (exemption), and the new ruling after the return and the opposition to the 2009 da60336 all-agreement ruling are valid. I think it is right to judge based on the ‘restriction of counter-force’ as in the new interpretation theory because there is a problem. The legal principle that will be applied to the restriction of the counter-force of lien in the future is right to be right based on the ‘no-disposition’ (the ‘anti-force restriction’ according to the opinion) and principle of good faith. Finally, the ruling can only gain trust from the people when it governs the dispute with the general and abstract principle of legal stability of the enforcement procedure or the appropriateness of the operation, and the clear legal principle of ‘restriction of counter-force’ based on the provisions of the actual law or at least the rational interpretation theory based on the actual law. The solution of special problems, not the daily life of human history, is not solved by retreating to the periphery, but it is only possible and objective trust when entering the center and observing and discussing things from there. Writes in anticipation of the Supreme Court’s Copernican prelude.

Arrangement Method of Artificial Reefs for Seaweed Considering Algal Spore Movement Estimation

Taegeon Oh,Jaeyong Lee (사)한국해양생명과학회 2021 (사)한국해양생명과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

수소기상화합물 증착법을 이용한 질화갈륨(GaN) 박막과 나노막대의 선택적 과성장(ELOG)

오태건(Taegeon Oh),이상화(Sanghwa Lee),최혁민(Hyeokmin Choe),손유리(Yuri Sohn),전재원(Jai Weon Jean),김진교(Chinkyo Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

넓은 에너지 띠를 가지고 있는 GaN는 짧은 파장의 광전소자를 제작하는데 쓰일 수 있으며, 격자상수가 맞는 기판이 없기 때문에 보통 다량의 결정성 결함이 박막 내부에 발생한다. 질화갈륨(GaN)의 Epitaxial lateral overgrowth(ELO)는 GaN의 bulk substrate가 없는 상황에서 이종기판과의 격자상수 차이에 인하여 생기는 다량의 결정성 결함을 줄이기 위한 방편으로서, hydride vapor phase epitaxy(HVPE)를 이용하여 성장조건을 다양하게 변화시켜 가며 ELOG 방식에 의해 성장된 GaN의 표면 형상을 연구해 보았다.

수소기상화합물 증착법을 이용한 질화갈륨(GaN) 박막과 나노막대의 선택적 과성장(ELOG)

오태건(Taegeon Oh),이상화(Sanghwa Lee),최혁민(Hyeokmin Choe),손유리(Yuri Sohn),전재원(Jai Weon Jean),김진교(Chinkyo Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2007 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.5

넓은 에너지 띠를 가지고 있는 GaN는 짧은 파장의 광전소자를 제작하는데 쓰일 수 있으며, 격자상수가 맞는 기판이 없기 때문에 보통 다량의 결정성 결함이 박막 내부에 발생한다. 질화갈륨(GaN)의 Epitaxial lateral overgrowth(ELO)는 GaN의 bulk substrate가 없는 상황에서 이종기판과의 격자상수 차이에 인하여 생기는 다량의 결정성 결함을 줄이기 위한 방편으로서, hydride vapor phase epitaxy(HVPE)를 이용하여 성장조건을 다양하게 변화시켜 가며 ELOG 방식에 의해 성장된 GaN의 표면 형상을 연구해 보았다.

임차보증금반환채권의 가압류와 임대인의 지위 승계에 관한 연구 - 대법원 2013. 1. 17. 선고 2011다49523[추심금] 전원합의체 판결을 중심으로 -

김태건 ( Kim Taegeon ),오세준 ( Oh Saejoon ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2021 일감부동산법학 Vol.- No.22

임대차는 채권관계에 불과하므로 물권과 달리 대세적인 대항력이 없고, 성립 요건상 등기를 하여야 대항력이 생기는 것이 민법상의 원칙이다. 그러나 임대인의 우월적 지위 등으로 인하여 등기실행이 되지 않았고, 이러한 폐해를 반영하여 주택임대차보호법(이하 주임법) 제3조 제1항은 등기 없이도 인도와 주민등록만으로 임대차에 대항력을 부여하고, 제4항에서는 대항력의 내용으로 ‘임대주택의 양수인은 임대인의 지위를 승계한 것으로 본다’라고 규정하게 되었다. 여기서 주임법상 대항력을 갖춘 임차인의 임대차보증금반환채권이 가압류된 상태에서 임대주택이 양도된 경우, 양도인은 임대차 관계에서 탈퇴하여 임차인에 대한 임대차보증금반환채무를 면하게 되고 양수인만이 보증금반환채무를 부담하는지 여부(실체법상의 지위승계 문제)와 양수인이 채권가압류의 제3채무자의 지위까지 승계하는지 여부가 문제(집행법상의 지위승계 문제)된다. 이것이 대상판결의 사안에 대한 논점의 핵심이다. 대상판결은 주임법 제3조 제4항의 대항력과 임대주택 양도인의 지위 승계에 관한 것으로서, 대상판결의 다수의견은 사법체계 전체에 대한 체계적인 해석이라는 거시적인 해석을 외면하고 사회적 약자인 임차인 보호라는 주임법의 취지에만 충실한 나머지 양수인이 양도인(임대인)의 실체법상의 지위는 물론 집행법상의 제3채무자의 지위까지도 승계한다고 해석함으로써 집행법의 처분금지효라는 대원칙을 훼손하는 결과를 초래하였다. 한편 대상판결의 반대의견(가압류소멸설) 역시 적법한 채권가압류결정이 주택의 양도에 의하여 쉽게 부정되는 결과를 초래함으로써 가압류제도의 기본 취지에 정면으로 배치된다. 따라서 대상판결과 같은 사안에서 주택 양도시 실체법상의 지위는 계약인수의 법리에 따라서 승계되고(법정계약인수), 집행법상의 효력인 채권가압류결정의 효력은 소멸하지 않고 그대로 유지되며, 제3채무자의 지위는 양수인에게 승계되지 않는다고 보는 것(승계부정설)이 주임법의 대항력에 관한 체계적인 해석과 처분금지효(현상보전효)라는 채권가압류제도의 취지에도 정합(整合)함은 물론 실체법과 절차법의 고유한 법리를 훼손하지 않고도 대상판결의 사안을 현실적으로 무리없이 해결할 수가 있게 된다. Unlike property rights, rentals are nothing but bond relationships. The principle of civil law is that registration should be made in accordance with the requirements for establishment to create a counter-power. However, the registration was not carried out due to the superior status of the renter. Reflecting such harmful effects, delivery and resident registration alone were given the opposition to lease without registration. In the event that the leasehold house is transferred while the lease deposit return bond of the tenant with the opposing power is under provisional seizure, the transferor withdraws from the lease relationship and is exempted from the lease deposit return obligation to the tenant. It is a matter of whether only transferee bears the deposit return obligation and whether the transferee succeeds to the status of the third debtor of the bond seizure. This verdict concerns the opposing power of Article 3, Paragraph 4 of the Housing Lease Protection Act and the succession of the status of the renter of rental housing. The majority opinion of this verdict was that the transferee, who ignored the macroscopic interpretation of the whole judicial system and was faithful to the purpose of the act of protecting tenants, the socially disadvantaged, succeeded not only the actual status of the transferor but also the status of the third debtor under the Enforcement Act. Therefore, it resulted in undermining the broad principle of prohibition of disposal of the enforcement law. On the other hand, opposition to the verdict also resulted in the decision to impose a legal bond being easily negated by the transfer of a house. This directly contradicts the basic purpose of the provisional attachment system. Therefore, in the same matters as this verdict, the status of the Housing Lease Protection Act is carried forward according to the law of the acquisition of a contract. The effect of the bond-bearing determination, which is the effect of the enforcement law, remains unchanged. The fact that the status of the third debtor is not inherited by the transferee is consistent with the systematic interpretation of the counterpower of the principal law and the purpose of the bond-bearing system called the prohibition of disposal. And it will be possible to solve the case of the judgment without damaging the inherent laws of the substantive law and the procedural law.

Analysis of plan parameters affecting the delivery quality assurance passing rate of the Tomo direct method in Radixact X9

Kim Jina,Oh Taegeon,Seol Yunji,Lee Jaehyeon,Hong Ju-Young,Kim Sung Ho,Jang Hong Seok,Choi Byung Ock,Kang Young-nam 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.78 No.1

Delivery quality assurance (DQA) is the process of establishing a treatment plan and verifying that the pre-treatment dose is delivered without any problems through a simulation. If the result does not meet certain criteria, the dose delivered to the patient is judged to be inaccurate, and the measurement or the treatment plan should be reconsidered. Therefore, it is important to analyze the plan parameters that influence the DQA outcome. The plan parameters have been studied for LINAC-based intensity-modulated radiation therapy and the Tomo helical method but not for the Tomo direct (TD) method. In this study, we perform this investigation using the TD method. A Radixcat X9 machine was used to collect data. Furthermore, in the TD method, we set the passing rate for each gamma analysis criterion as 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm. Next, the plan parameters influencing the DQA passing rate were confirmed by Pearson’s correlation analysis and regression analysis. Based on the gamma analysis, the mean passing rates of 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm were 97.9299 and 99.8472, respectively. The plan parameters influencing the DQA passing rate during the Pearson correlation analysis were IECZ (2%/2 mm: p = 0.008), duration (2%/2 mm: p = 0.002), and planning target volume (2%/2 mm: p = 0.030 and 3%/3 mm: p = 0.034). Based on these results, a regression analysis was performed. As a result of the regression analysis, duration (2%/2 mm: p = 0.047) was identified as the most significant plan parameter for the DQA passing rate. However, statistically for the gamma analysis criterion of 3%/3 mm, there were no significant plan parameters. As the beta of the duration has a negative relationship with the passing rate, reducing the duration improves the passing rate. When confirming the passing rate for each group in a duration of 60 s, it was confirmed that the passing rate was high if it was set to less than 240 s. So, we recommend setting the duration to 240 s or less.

Prediction of Tumor Temperature in Regional Hyperthermia by Using LED Luminance

이재현,Yunji Seol,Taegeon Oh,Na young An,Kyumin Han,Jinho Hwang,Hong Seok Jang,Byung Ock Choi,Young-nam Kang 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.77 No.6

Hyperthermia is used to destroy tumors by generating heat in the body (40-45 °C). In particular, regional hyperthermia entails intense heating of tumors rather than raising the temperature of the body. In regional hyperthermia, the prediction of the tumor temperature before treatment is essential to ensure treatment efficiency and patient safety. The goal of this study is to predict the temperature of tumors in regional hyperthermia by using a light emitting diode (LED). LED luminance shows a linear relationship with current above a certain voltage. Thus, the temperature may be predicted via LED luminance based on these electrical characteristics, Special Absorption Rate (SAR), and Pennes' Bio-heat Transfer Equation. LED was located in the agar phantom at the same intervals to measure the luminance, and measure temperature at same spot using thermometer and well verified using a commercialized simulation program (Sim4Life). Within the range of electrode size, the difference in luminance between the predicted and the measured temperatures was within 2.5%. In addition, the difference between the predicted temperature and the result of the simulation program was within 1.5%. In this study, the tumor temperature in regional hyperthermia was predicted using LED luminance to ensure treatment accuracy and patient safety. This study showed the possibility of temperature prediction based on LED luminance.

Evaluation of Developed Thermal Distribution Prediction Algorithm Using Mass Density Distribution with CT Image

Jinho Hwang,Yunji Seol,Taegeon Oh,Na young An,Jaehyeon Lee,Chul-Seung Kay,Hong Seok Jang,Byung Ock Choi,Young-nam Kang 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.76 No.1

Prior to the hyperthermia, the amount of heat energy delivered to the tumors must be confirmed. If it cannot be confirmed before hyperthermia, normal tissues may also be heated, leading to possible necrosis. In a previous study, the thermal distribution was calculated using mass density distribution with CT image. The previous study was not performed various evaluations of accuracy for the developed thermal distribution prediction algorithm. In this study, the developed thermal distribution prediction algorithm was evaluated by comparing the phantom with the measured temperature and a commercial simulation software (Sim4Life) has been used as a reference data for hyperthermia studies. The difference between the measured temperature and the commercial simulation software (Sim4Life) was within 3%, and the difference between the measured temperature and the developed thermal distribution algorithm was also within 2%. The difference between the developed thermal distribution algorithm and the commercial simulation software was also within 3%. The thermal distribution algorithm developed in this study could predict the internal temperature of the patient before hyperthermia and increase the treatment accuracy by preventing necrosis from occurring in normal organs. In addition, it could easily predict the temperatures for hyperthermia without modeling CT images taken for the diagnosis of lesions.

Popliteal Lymphography in a Dog with Chylothorax

Sohyun Bang,Hanbin Lee,Daehwan Park,Taegeon An,Hyunryung Kim,Jin Yu,Hyunglok Yoon,Gayeon An,Hyejong Oh,Jinhwa Chang,Gonhyung Kim,Dongwoo Chang 한국임상수의학회 2018 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Signalment: A dog which had been hit by car a month prior and had been experiencing recurrent pleuralchyle effusion was referred to Chung-buk National University Animal Medical Center. The clinical signs includedtachypnea and salivation. Results: Ultrasound-guided popliteal lymphography was performed. The computed tomographyimaging revealed that the thoracic duct was ruptured and the lymph was leaking into the cranial mediastinal region. After this discovery, thoracic duct ligation was performed. The ultrasound-guided popliteal lymphography was repeatedafter the surgery. The second computed tomography imaging revealed that the thoracic duct rupture was resolved. Clinical relevance: We identified the etiology of chylothorax through the computed tomographic lymphography andimaged specific leakage areas. After surgery, the computed tomography imgaing confirmed the lymphatic flowmodification and the treatment was successful.

Development of Tissue Equivalent Materials for a Multi-modality (CT&MRI) Phantom in MRI-guided Radiation Treatment

Yunji Seol,Jina Kim,Aeran Kim,Jinho Hwang,Taegeon Oh,Jin-sol Shin,Hong Seok Jang,Byung Ock Choi,Young-nam Kang 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.73 No.7

This study proposed to develop a phantom material that can represent the various contrasts of both MRI and CT images and is available to use in MRI-guided radiation treatment. Materials used for making a phantom that can be used for both MRI and CT image were agarose (T2 modifier), gadolinium-based contrast agent (T1 modifier), sodium uoride (CT number modifier), and distilled water. They were mixed at various composition ratios and stirred until transparent. For the relationship between the ingredients and values, 48 samples were manufactured at various composition ratios. The relationship was expressed as equations, to be able to get the composition ratios of organs that we wanted to make. MR relaxation times were measured using 1.5 T MRI equipment. CT scans were performed at 120 kVp and extracted CT numbers from images. Based on the fitted equations derived from the relationship between ingredients and values, materials were manufactured using the composition ratio of human organs; brain (white and gray matter), liver, spleen, kidney, and prostate. The all values were within the reference range, but some exceeded the range due to the image noise. A phantom composed of substitutes made from the derived equations added other substances of different density like bone or lung can be used as an inhomogeneity dose calculation phantom for both CT and MRI. Furthermore, it can be applied to MRI-only based RTP systems and MRI-guided radiation treatment QA in the future.