The activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways of RAW264.7 murine macrophages and natural killer cells by fucoidan from <i>Nizamuddinia zanardinii</i>

Tabarsa, Mehdi,Dabaghian, Elham Hashem,You, SangGuan,Yelithao, Khamphone,Cao, RongAn,Rezaei, Masoud,Alboofetileh, Mehdi,Bita, Seraj Elsevier 2020 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Vol.148 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polysaccharides from <I>Nizamuddinia zanardinii</I> were extracted using water at elevated temperature and fractionated by a DEAE Sepharose FF column yielding four fractions (F<SUB>1</SUB>-F<SUB>4</SUB>). Crude and fractions were composed of neutral sugars (50.8–57.4%), proteins (10.8–18.1%), sulfates (7.5–17.3%) and uronic acids (3.5–7.7%). Various levels of galactose (13.4–44.4%), fucose (34.1–40.1%), mannose (14.1–33.2%) and xylose (7.4–15.2%) formed the building blocks of the polysaccharide structures. The weight average molecular weights (<I>M</I> <SUB>w</SUB>) of polysaccharides varied between 40.3 and 1254.4 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> g/mol. F<SUB>3</SUB> polysaccharide was the most active fraction stimulating RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells to secrete NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and activating NK cells to release TNF-α, INF-γ, granzyme-B, perforin, NKG2D and FasL through NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Highly-branched F<SUB>3</SUB> polysaccharide mainly consisted of (1 → 2)-Fuc<I>p</I>, (1 → 2,3)-Man<I>p</I>, (1 → 3)-Gal<I>p</I>, (1 → 2)-Man<I>p</I>, (1 → 3)-Man<I>p</I>, (1 → 2,3,4)-Man<I>p</I> and (1 → 2,3,6)-Man<I>p</I> residues with great amount of (→1)-Fuc<I>p</I> and (→1)-Xyl<I>p</I>. Sulfates substituted at C-2 of fucose and galactose residues. Overall, fucoidan from <I>N. zanardinii</I> showed immense potency in boosting immune system through macrophages and NK cells activations and therefore suitable for further exploration in immune-mediated biomedical applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Water-soluble fucoidans were isolated from <I>Nizamuddinia zanardinii</I>. </LI> <LI> Fucoidans activated RAW264.7 cells to release proinflammatory mediators. </LI> <LI> Fucoidans stimulated natural killer cells to produce TNF-α, INF-γ and perforin. </LI> <LI> RAW264.7 and NK cells were activated through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. </LI> <LI> Most immunoenhancing polysaccharide contained high (1 → 2)-fucopyranosyl units. </LI> </UL> </P>

Molecular Characteristics and Immunomodulatory Activities of Water-Soluble Sulfated Polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa

Mehdi Tabarsa,Jung H. Han,김철영,유상권 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.2

Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Ulva pertusa and fractionated using anion-exchange chromatography were investigated to determine their molecular characteristics and bioactivities. The crude and fractionated polysaccharides (F1, F2, and F3) were mainly composed of carbohydrates (59.9–65.9%), sulfates (11.6–15.3%), and uronic acid (7.30–16.4%)with small amounts of proteins (1.40–4.80%). Rhamnose (62.5–80.7%) was the major monosaccharide unit of these polysaccharides,with different levels of glucose (13.5–27.4%) and xylose (2.74–11.5%). The polysaccharides contained one or two major subfractions with weight-average molecular mass ranging from 51.1 · 103 to 1,690 · 103 g/mol. The relatively low in vitro anticancer activity of the polysaccharides (22.3–42.4%) suggested that they had little cytotoxicity against the cancer cell line used (AGS). On the other hand, the polysaccharides significantly stimulated Raw 264.7 cells, inducing considerable amounts of nitric oxide and various cytokines production, which suggested that they could be strong immunostimulators.

An Immune-enhancing Water-soluble α-glucan from Chlorella vulgaris and Structural Characteristics

Mehdi Tabarsa,신일식,이주훈,Utoomporn Surayot,박우정,유상권 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.6

Water-extractable polysaccharides obtained fromChlorella vulgaris were fractionated using anion-exchange chromatography to investigate molecular characteristics and biological activities. Crude and fractionated polysaccharides F1, F2, and F3 mostly consisted of carbohydrates (40.0-64.7%), proteins (18.3-31.0%), ash (4.10-16.6%), and uronic acids (1.02-7.30%). Monosaccharide constituents were predominantly glucose (83.9-100%) with small amounts of xylose (10.8-16.1%). Crude polysaccharide and fractions contained 1 or 2 sub-fractions with average Mw values ranging from 19.7 to 1,145×103 g/ mol. Fractions F1, F2, and F3 stimulated RAW264.7 cells, inducing release of NO, PGE2, and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. The biologically active part of the immune-enhancing fraction (F3) was mainly connected via 1,6-linked glucose with branches at C-3 positions.

Structural characterization and RAW264.7 murine macrophage stimulating activity of a fucogalactoglucan from Colpomenia peregrina

Rostami, Zeynab,Tabarsa, Mehdi,You, SangGuan,Rezaei, Masoud Springer-Verlag 2018 Journal of food science and technology Vol.55 No.11

An arabinogalactan isolated from <i>Boswellia carterii</i>: Purification, structural elucidation and macrophage stimulation via NF-κB and MAPK pathways

Bahramzadeh, Saman,Tabarsa, Mehdi,You, SangGuan,Yelithao, Khamphone,Klochkov, Vladimir,Ilfat, Rakhmatullin Elsevier 2019 Journal of Functional Foods Vol.52 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polysaccharides from <I>Boswellia carterii</I> were isolated using hot water and fractionated on a DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column to evaluate their structural characteristics and macrophage stimulating capacities. Crude and fractionated polysaccharides (BCF<SUB>1</SUB> and BCF<SUB>2</SUB>) were mainly consisted of different amounts of neutral sugars (63.7–83.3%) and uronic acids (6.2–22.3%). The weight average molecular weights (<I>M</I> <SUB>w</SUB>) of polysaccharides greatly varied between 295.5 and 504.7 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> g/mol. The BCF<SUB>2</SUB> was a highly active polysaccharide on RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells inducing considerable release of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. The presence of p-NF-κB, p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38 proteins in the cytoplasm of the stimulated macrophages indicated the activation of cells via NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways which was followed after CBF<SUB>2</SUB>-macrophage interaction through TLR4 and TLR2 receptors. The most potent macrophage activating polysaccharide, BCF<SUB>2</SUB>, contained a backbone of (1 → 6)-β-galactopyranosyl units branched at C-3.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Water soluble acidic polysaccharides were isolated and purified from <I>Boswellia carterii.</I> </LI> <LI> The molecular weights of polysaccharides ranged from 295.5 to 504.7 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> g/mol. </LI> <LI> Polysaccharides exhibited notable RAW264.7 macrophage stimulating activity. </LI> <LI> Macrophages were activated through NF-κB and MAPK pathways via TLR4 and TLR2. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Purification, structural analysis and mechanism of murine macrophage cell activation by sulfated polysaccharides from <i>Cystoseira indica</i>

Bahramzadeh, Saman,Tabarsa, Mehdi,You, SangGuan,Li, Changsheng,Bita, Seraj Elsevier 2019 Carbohydrate Polymers Vol.205 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sulfated polysaccharides were isolated and purified from the water extract of <I>Cystoseira indica</I> using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column to evaluate their structure and macrophage stimulating capacity. Crude and fractionated polysaccharides, CIF<SUB>1</SUB> and CIF<SUB>2</SUB>, were mostly composed of neutral sugars (73.1%–78.6%) with relatively lower amounts of acidic sugars (1.3%–9.0%) and sulfate esters (6.9%–9.7%). The polymer chains of polysaccharides were mainly built of different levels of glucose (2.1%–30.8%), fucose (17.2%–24.4%), mannose (17.8%–20.6%) and galactose (16.7%–17.3%). The weight average molecular weight (<I>M</I> <SUB>w</SUB>) of polysaccharides varied between 573.1 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> g/mol to 1146.6 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> g/mol. The CIF<SUB>2</SUB> polysaccharide, as the most immunostimulating polysaccharide, remarkably induced the release of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 from RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells through NF-κB and PAMKs transduction signaling pathways via cell surface TLR4. The interconnections of sugars in CIF<SUB>2</SUB> polysaccharide were complex with (1→3)-fucopyranose, (1→2,3,4)-glucopyranose, (→1)-galactopyranose, (→1)-xylopyranose, (1→2)-rhamnopyranose and (1→2,3)-mannopyranose units being the most predominant residues.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sulfated polysaccharides were isolated from <I>Cystoseira indica.</I> </LI> <LI> Polysaccharides exerted high RAW264.7 macrophage stimulating activity. </LI> <LI> RAW264.7 cells were activated through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. </LI> <LI> TLR4 was the major cell surface receptor interacting polysaccharides with RAW264.7 cells. </LI> <LI> The main backbone of the polysaccharides was consisted of (1→3)-fucopyranosyl units. </LI> </UL> </P>

Molecular structures, chemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharide from <i>Smilax glabra</i> rhizome

Lee, JeYoung,Li, Changsheng,Surayot, Utoomporn,Yelithao, Khamphone,Lee, SangMin,Park, WooJung,Tabarsa, Mehdi,You, SangGuan Elsevier 2018 International journal of biological macromolecules Vol.120 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The water-soluble crude polysaccharides, extracted from the rhizome of <I>Smilax glabra</I>, were fractionated using an anion exchange chromatography, yielding two fractions, F<SUB>1</SUB> and F<SUB>2</SUB>. The crude and fractions (F<SUB>1</SUB> and F<SUB>2</SUB>) mainly consisted of carbohydrates (66.7%–91.1%), proteins (7.30%–23.9%) and minor amount of sulfates (1.60%–9.40%). Glucose was the major monosaccharide unit of the polysaccharides with different levels of sugar constituents including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose and mannose. The molecular weight (M<SUB>w</SUB>) of crude and fractions ranged from 32,102–6.3 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> g/mol. The crude and fractions could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to release nitric oxide and cytokines via up-regulation of their mRNA expression by the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. The related pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of the cells appeared to be TLR2 and CR3. The GC–MS analysis revealed that the main backbone of the most immune-enhancing F<SUB>2</SUB> was (1 → 4)-linked glucose and galactose chain with minor linkages of (1 → 6)-galactose, (1 → 3)-mannose, (1 → 2)-rhamnose and (1 → 5)-arabinose with some branches at C-3 and C-4 rhamnose, or C-6 galactose.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Polysaccharide was extracted and purified from <I>Smilax glabra</I> rhizome. </LI> <LI> Two fractions were obtained by DEAE Sepharose fast flow column fractionation. </LI> <LI> The molecular weight of crude and fractions ranged from 32,102 to 6.3 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> g/mol </LI> <LI> The <I>Smilax glabra</I> polysaccharide was appeared enhanced RAW264.7 cells activity. </LI> <LI> The most immune-enhancing F<SUB>2</SUB> polysaccharide mainly consisted of (1 → 4)-linked galactose </LI> </UL> </P>