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The Evolution of Canadian Studies in Japan: In Search of Understanding Canada
Yutaka Takenaka(Yutaka Takenaka ) 한국캐나다학회 2007 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.13 No.2
Does Canadian Studies exist in Japan? It might be safer to say “no” until the early 1970s, but definitely “yes” after the mid-1970s. This paper deals with the launching and activities of the Japanese Association for Canadian Studies(JACS) and also the development of Canadian Studies in Japan from interdisciplinary perspectives. In addition, a survey of Canadian content courses in higher education is analyzed. In concluding, Asia-Pacific Canadianists should share a unique partnership with regard to Canadian Studies.
Takenaka Mamoru,Kudo Masatoshi 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2022 Gut and Liver Vol.16 No.4
Drainage therapy for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) includes trans-papillary endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD), percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), and transgastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). With the development of chemotherapy, many MBO cases end up needing endoscopic reintervention (E-RI) for recurrent biliary obstruction. To achieve a successful E-RI, it is necessary to understand the various findings regarding E-RI in MBO cases reported to date. Therefore, in this review, we focus on E-RI for ERBD of distal MBO, ERBD of hilar MBO, and EUS-BD. To plan an appropriate E-RI strategy for biliary stent occlusion for MBO, the following must be considered on a case-by-case basis: the urgency of the drainage, the cause of the occlusion, the original route of drainage (PTBD/ERBD/EUS-BD), the initial stent used (plastic stent or self-expandable metallic stent), and in the case of self-expandable metallic stents, the type used (fully covered or uncovered). Regardless of the original method of stent placement, if the inflammation caused by obstructive cholangitis is severe and/or the patient is in shock, PTBD should be considered as the first choice. Finally, it is important to keep in mind that in many cases, performing E-RI will be difficult.
Role of radiofrequency ablation in advanced malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Mamoru Takenaka,Tae Hoon Lee 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.2
Malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHO), an aggressive perihilar biliary obstruction caused by cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, or other metastatic malignancies, has a poor prognosis. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for biliary malignancies. However, the majority of patients with MHO cannot undergo surgery on presentation because of an advanced inoperable state or a poor performance state due to old age or comorbid diseases. Therefore, palliative biliary drainage is mandatory to improve symptomatic jaundice and the quality of life. Among the drainage methods, endoscopic biliary drainage is the current standard for palliation of unresectable advanced MHO. In addition, combined with endoscopic drainage, additional local ablation therapies, such as photodynamic therapy or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), have been introduced to prolong stent patency and survival. Currently, RFA is commonly used as palliative therapy, even for advanced MHO. This literature review summarizes recent studies on RFA for advanced MHO.