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The Sagittal Balance of Cervical Spine : Comprehensive Review of Recent Update
Sang Hoon Lee,Tae Hwan Kim,Seok Woo Kim,Hyun Take Rim,Heui Seung Lee,Ji Hee Kim,In Bok Chang,Joon Ho Song,Yong Kil Hong,오재근 대한신경외과학회 2023 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.66 No.6
The cervical spine plays a critical role in supporting the skull, maintaining horizontal gaze, and facilitating walking. Its unique characteristics, including the widest range of motion among spinal segments, have led to extensive research on cervical sagittal alignment. Various parameters have been proposed to evaluate cervical alignment, with studies investigating their clinical significance, correlation with symptoms, and implications for surgical interventions. Recent findings suggest that cervical sagittal alignment not only impacts the cervical spine but also influences global spine-pelvic alignment through compensatory mechanisms. This comprehensive review examines classical and new parameters of cervical sagittal alignment and considers the dynamic and muscular factors associated with it.
Hong, Jeong-Yeon,Han, Sang W.,Kim, Won O.,Cho, Jin S.,Kil, Hae K. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - AnesthesiaAna 2009 Anesthesia and analgesia Vol.109 No.4
<P>BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the volume or concentration of local anesthetic influences its spread and quality of caudal analgesia when the total drug dose is fixed. METHODS: We performed this study in a prospective, randomized, observer-blind manner. Children aged 1-5 yr received a constant dose of 2.25 mg/kg of ropivacaine prepared as either 1.0 mL/kg of 0.225% (low volume/high concentration [LVHC], n = 37) or 1.5 mL/kg of 0.15% solution (high volume/low concentration [HVLC], n = 36). Both solutions contained radiopaque dye. RESULTS: The median spread levels with ranges in the HVLC group (confirmed by fluoroscopic examination) were significantly higher (T6, T3-11) than in the LVHC group (T11, T8-L2). There were no significant differences in recovery times, postoperative pain scores, or side effects between the two groups. After discharge, fewer children in the HVLC group required rescue oral acetaminophen compared with the LVHC group (50.0% vs 75.7%). First oral acetaminophen time was found to be significantly longer with HVLC patients than LVHC patients (363.0 min vs 554.5 min). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed (with fluoroscopy) that a caudal block with 1 mL/kg ropivacaine spreads to T11 and to T6 with 1.5 mL/kg. If the total dose is fixed, caudal analgesia with a larger volume of diluted ropivacaine (0.15%) provides better quality and longer duration after discharge than a smaller volume of more concentrated ropivacaine (0.225%) in children undergoing day-case orchiopexy. The spread level of ropivacaine correlated significantly with the first oral acetaminophen time after discharge.</P>
Strawberry Harvesting Robot for Bench-type Cultivation
( Kil Su Han ),( Si Chan Kim ),( Young Bum Lee ),( Sang Chul Kim ),( Dong Hyuk Im ),( Hong Ki Choi ),( Heon Hwang ) 한국농업기계학회 2012 바이오시스템공학 Vol.37 No.1
Purpose: An autonomous robot was developed for harvesting strawberries cultivated in bench-type systems. Methods: The harvest robot consisted of four main components: an autonomous vehicle, a manipulator with four degrees of freedom (DOF), an end effector with two DOFs, and a color computer vision system. Strawberry detection was performed based on 3D image and distance information obtained from a stereo CCD color camera and a laser device, respectively. Results: In this work, a Cartesian type manipulator system was designed, including an intermediate revolute axis and a double driven arm-based joint axis, so that it could generate collision-free motions during harvesting. A DC servomotor-driven end-effector, consisting of a gripper and a cutter, was designed for gripping and cutting the strawberry stem without damaging the strawberry itself. Real-time position tracking algorithms were developed to detect, recognize, trace, and approach strawberries under natural light conditions. Conclusion: The developed robot system could harvest a strawberry within 7 seconds without damage.
Hypothermic Preconditioning Lowers the Incidence of Hypothermic Arrest in Neonatal Rat
Sung Sook Park,Heung Sik Na,Hyun Jung Nam,Seung Kil Hong 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1999 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.3 No.2
<P> This study was performed to examine 1) Whether hypothermic cardiac arrest produces myocardial HSP72 expression; 2) And if, whether it serves to protect the heart against the subsequent hypothermic arrest. In the present study, neonatal rats were placed in an icebath to induce hypothermia. To determine whether hypothermic cardiac arrest produces myocardial HSP72, experimental animals were subjected to 10-min hypothermic insult before the extraction of the heart. The intervals between the insult and extraction were 1 (1 HR), 4 (4 HR), 8 (8 HR), 24 (24 HR) or 72 (72HR) hours. A minimal amount of HSP72 was detected in control, 1 HR and 72 HR groups. In contrast, 8 HR and 24 HR groups showed a significant level of HSP72 expressions. To assess the cardioprotective effect of HSP72 against hypothermic cardiac arrest, we compared the proportion of recovery from the arrest between control and preconditioned (PREC) animals. Control animals were subjected to 20-min hypothermic insult, while PREC group was preconditioned by 10-min hypothermic insult 8 hours before the 20-min test hypothermic insult. Resuscitation rate from cardiac arrest induced by the 20-min hypothermic insult in PREC group was significantly higher than that in controls. These results suggest that the cardioprotective effect of hypothermic preconditioning is associated with an increase in HSP72 expression.
Hong Shick Lee,Jin Hak Kim,Young Moon Lee,Eun Sun Han,Man Kwon Kim,Byung Hoon Oh,Sung Kil Min Kae Joon Yoo,Ho Young Lee 대한신경정신의학회 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.1
40명의 만성정신분열증 환자를 대상으로 Haloperdiol에 대한 Cyproheptadine 병용치료 효 과를 검중하기 위하여 6주간의 위약ᅳ대조,이중맹검 연구를 시행하였다. 6주간의 이중맹검 Cyproheptadine 병용치료는 양성 및 음성증상 모두에서 임상적인 중상의 호전을 보였으나 위약과 Haloperidol이 병용 투여된 대조군과 비교한 임상적 정신증상에서는 두군 간의 유의한 통계적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 Cyproheptadine 병용치료는 대조군에 비해 추체외로 증상의 유의한 감소를 보임으로써 항정신병 약물의 비정형적인 특성이 있음을 지지해주고 있다. 신경 내분비학적 검사에서는 Cyproheptadine 병용치료가 혈청내 prolactine치를 감소시 키지는 않았으나 혈청내 cortisol 치를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 비록 보다 장기간의 추적 연구가 필요하겠으나 본 연구의 결과는 Cyproheptadine 병용치료가 기존 전형적인 항정신병 약물로 인한 추체외로 부작용으로 지속적인 약물치료가 힘든 만성정신분열증 환자의 치료에 효과적일 수 있음을 제시한다