Solar urticaria in Korean patients

( Sung Min Kim ),( Young Ah Cho ),( Ji Su Lee ),( Ji Youn Hong ),( Jin Hee Kim ),( Joo Ran Hong ),( Hye In Cheon ),( Yang Won Lee ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Kyu Joong Ahn ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: Solar urticaria (SU) is an uncommon type of photodermatoses characterized by erythematous wheal with pruritus after sunlight exposure, which shows a female predominance. Only a few studies to analyze the clinical features of SU were reported in Asia. Objectives: We aimed to analyze the clinical and photobiological characteristics of SU in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients with SU who visited the department of dermatology, Konkuk university medical center from January 2005 to January 2020. Results: Of a total of 44 patients, 36 (81.8%) were male and 8 (18.2%) were female. The mean age at onset was 17.6 years (range, 5-47) and the mean threshold time was 19.7 minutes. Among 32 patients who underwent phototesting, the action spectrum most commonly implicated was ultraviolet (UV) A only in 12 (37.5%), and then visible light (415nm) only was responsible for SU in 8 (25.0%). Three patients (9.4%) were induced by both UVA and visible light (415nm). Even 4 patients (12.5%) were triggered by only natural sunlight. Serum immunoglobulin E levels were measured in 33 patients, and 17 (51.5%) showed values higher than normal. The treatment most widely used were oral antihistamine (43.2%), followed by phototherapy (13.6%). Conclusion: SU is a rare photodermatosis in Korea, which shows a male preponderance. In this study, UVA and visible light (415nm) were predominant action spectrum of SU.

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

자동차디자인에 있어서 새로운 형태 변화에 관한 연구 : 제3회 서울모터쇼에서 발표된 컨셉트 카를 중심으로

홍대일,김영수 한국디자인과학학회 1999 디자인과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

초기의 산업시대에는 제품의 핵심기술에 의한 차별화로 독점시장을 형성할 수 있었다 그러나 산업혁명이래 계속 되어온 대량생산 기술의 발전은 핵심기술의 독점 기간을 단축시켰다. 그리고 100여 년이 지난 현재, 전 세계적인 기술 개발 경쟁에도 불구하고 기술의 보편화와 평준화 현상으로 인해 더 이상 핵심 기술만으로 타사 제품과의 차별화가 어려워지고 있다. 이렇게 제품의 기술적 차별화가 어려워지면서 기업은 자사의 제품이 타사의 제품과 구별되어 경쟁력을 획득하기 위해 디자인, 마케팅 등에 눈을 들리게 되었다. 현재 국내외의 각 자동차 업체에서는 기존의 부류와 차별화 되는 여러 가지 다양한 형태의 디자인을 선보이고 있다. 과학기술의 진보와 맞물린 인간의 삶의 풍요로움을 보다 독특하고 개성있는 자동차디자인의 변화를 가져다 주었고, 이재는 운송수단 자체만의 기능이 아닌 생활속 놀이문화의 한부분으로까지 변화되고 있는 것이다. 더 나아가 자연으로부터의 모방을 통해 소비자의 눈에 익숙한 디자인으로 이목을 끓기도 하는 이러한 새로운 형태의지자인을 통해 변화하는 자동차디자인의 흐름을 알아보고 다음 세대의 디자인을 고찰해 본다. At the beginning of the industrial age, monopolistic market system could be formed due to the distinction of the products core technology. However, the continuous growth of mass production technology since the Industrial Revolution reduced the monopoly period of the core technology. And today, 100 years later, even with the worldwide competition of technology development, it Is becoming more difficult to make a distinction from other companys product because of the generalization and equalization of the technology. For the difficulty of achieving products technical distinction from others, the enterprises turned to design and marketing to acquire competitiveness for Its own product, distinguishing from other companys product. Currently, domestic and international automobile industry has been introducing various forms of designs to distinguish themselves from the existing class. Progress of science and technology with the abundance In peoples life have brought on the change in the automobiles design to be more characteristic and unique, so it is becoming not only a simple transportation vehicle but a part of play culture within human life. Furthermore, by copying from nature, the design familiar to the consumers eyes gets attention and through these kinds of design wecan see the changing flew of the automobiles design and examine the design of next generation.

도시 거주 노인 수면 습관 및 불면증상의 요인 : 인구학적,질병 및 정신증상의 관련성

홍진표,안준호,윤영국,박종익,이소영,함봉진,김장규,한오수,조맹제 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구는 국내 노인의 습관을 조사하고 불면 증상과 연관 있는 인구학적, 질병학적 요인을 알고자 했다. 방 법 : 1997년 12월부터 1998년 1월까지 약 1개월에 걸쳐 2단계 층화집락표본추출의 역학조사법을 통해 선정된 3개 4개동 거주의 만 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 수행되었다. 대상자 중 723명에서 등답을 받았으며 응답률은 73.8였다. 대학생인 설문조사요원들을 훈련시킨 뒤, 이들로 하여금 대상지역의 노인거주가정을 방문하여 개개 노인을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담으로 수면습관 및 불면증상 설문을 실시하였으며 그 외 한국어판 노인정신장애평가척도, 삶의 질 척도를 이용한 설문조사와 과거 질병력을 청취조사하게 하였다. 결 과 : 국내 노인들은 평균 오후 10시 16분에 자리에 누워 오전 5시22분에 일어나서 총 7시간 6분의 수면시간을 보였다. 노인의 11.7%가 거의 매일 밤 불면증을 14.8%가 간헐적 불면증을 호소하였다. 남자에서는 연령이 증가할수록 침상에 누워있는 시간이 증가하고, 또, 입면시까지 소요되는 시간과 수면 중의 각성회수가 증가되었으나 여성에서는 명확하지 않았다. 단변수 분석에서 요통, 중풍 병력의 환자에서 불면증상이 심했다. 다변량분석 결과 불면 증상과 관련 깊은 요인으로 남자에게서는 고령과 우울증상이 여자에게서는 남자의 위험요인에다 신체통증과 피부병력이 추가로 관련이 있었다. 결 론 : 지역 거주 노인에서 불면 증상은 매우 흔한 증상이며 우울증상과 명확한 상관관계를 보이고 있었다. 불면증을 극복하기 위해 불면증 위험요인의 인과관계에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze sleep habit and investigate the association between insomnia and demographic, health and psycho-behavioral symptomatology in Korean urban elderly Method : A total of 723 community residents aged 65 years or older were surveyed by two stage, random cluster sampling method. The response rate was 76.2%. Interviewers performed door to door visits and administered a questionnaire about sleep, past medical history, and several scales as the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS), the short form Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) and etc. Results : The mean scores are as follows : retiring time was ten-sixteen p.m., wake-up time was five twenty two a.m., duration of sleep was seven hours and six minutes. Among the elderly, 11.6% and 14.8% of the subjects reported chronic and intermittent difficulty in sleeping, respectively. The patients with back pain and history of stroke complained of more insomnia symptoms in univariate analysis. In ANCOVA analysis, insomnia symptoms were associated with an old age, depressive symptoms in male. Bodily pain and history of dermatologic disease were additional risk factors in female. Conclusions : The data suggest insomnia is one of most common health problems among elderly Koreans living in the community. Strong positive relationship between depressive symptoms and insomnia were found. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship between insomnia and risk factors.

외상성 비장 손상 5 2예의 임상적 고찰

홍성화,이상목,고영관,오수명,장연수 대한외상학회 1999 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

Backgrounds : A total splenectomy was considered as the standard method to management of splenic injury. However, recently, splenic preservation has been emphasized because of the spleen ’s important immunologic function, especially in the young. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and the indications of non-operative management of traumatic splenic injury. Methods : The medical records of 52 patients who were managed for traumatic splenic injury between Jan. 1, 1990, and Jun. 30, 1999, were evaluated. The clinical manifestations, the mecha-nism of injury, the diagnostic method, the grade of injury, the initial management, the initial treatment mode, treatment course, and complications were investigated. Results : Thirty(30) patients were initially treated medically with transfusions and intensive monitoring. A delayed operation was required in 9 patients (30%) who suffered a severe splenic injury more than grade III. Twenty-one(21) of the 30 patients (70%) who suffered a splenic injury less than grade III were successfully managed non-operatively. Nineteen(19) of the 22 patients (86%) who required an initial operation suffered a severe splenic injury more than grade III. There were differences between the non-operative and the operative groups in transfusion amount (1.1 vs 6.5 pints) and in hospital stay (14.8 vs 30.9 days). Conclusions : Non-opeartive management of traumatic splenic injury will be successful in patients who are hemodynamically stable with adequate resuscitation and a small amount of transfusion and who have suffered injuries below grade III.

Single Nucleotide Primer Extension 기법을 이용한 SNP 연구

안영욱,예성수,박영홍 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) are the most frequent type of DNA sequence variation of individuals. They are defined by the presence of two alternative bases at a particular position in a DNA sequence and occur about one per 500-1000bp in the human genome. The recent completion of the first reference sequence of the human genome has provided a basis for comprehensive analysis of sequence variation in man. The identification and dense mapping of SNPs is of considerable significance for association studies of complex diseases, pharmacogenetics, population genetics and physical mapping. Their use as genetic markers is favored by their high abundance, low mutation rate and the easy automation of typing. With the development of ABI Prism 3100 or 3700 system, single nucleotide primer extension, we car get a straightforward and large-scale method for validation of or comparative genotyping of known SNPs and point mutations. In the mini sequencing primer extension reaction, a DNA polymerase is used specifically to extend a primer that anneals immediately adjacent to the nucleotide position to be analyzed with a single labeled nucleoside triphosphate complementary to the nucleotide at the variant site. The reactor allows highly specific detection of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) without direct sequencing. Because all SNPs can be analyzed with high specificity at the same reaction conditions, mini sequencing is a promising reaction principle for multiplex high-throughput genotyping assays. It is also a useful tool for accurate quantitative PCR-based analysis. This review discusses the advanced biotechnique.

斜面의 三次元 破壞確率에 關한 硏究(Ⅱ)

金泳壽,車弘濬,鄭聖寬 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1983 産業技術硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The probability of failure is used to analyze the reliability of three dimensional slope failure, instead of conventional factor of safety. The strength parameters are assumed to be normal variated and beta variated. These are interval estimated under the specified confidence level and maximum like-lihood estimation. The pseudonormal and beta random variables are generated using the uniform probability transformation mehtod according to central limit theorem and rejection method. By means of a Monte-Carlo Simulation, the probability of failure is defined as; Pf=M/N N : Total number of trials M : Total number of failures Some of the conclusions derived from the case study include; 1. Three dimensional factors of safety are generally much higher than 2-D factors of safety. However situations appear to exist where the 3-D factor of safety can be lower than the 2-D factor of safety. 2. The F3/F2 ratio appears to be quite sensitive to c and Φand to the shape of the 3-D shear surface and the slope but not to be to the unit weight of soil. 3. In cases that strength parameters are assumed to be normal variated and beta variated, the relationships between safety factor and the probability of failure are fairly consistent, regardless of the shape of the 3-D shear surface and the slope. 4. As the c-value is increased, the probability of failure for the same safety factor is increased and as the Φ-value is increased, the probability of failure for the same safety factor is decreased.

제조기업의 공급사슬통합과 성과

윤재홍,김영수,이근호 東亞大學校 2002 東亞論叢 Vol.39 No.-

Recently, many manufacturing companies had increased interests in supply chain integration activities between customers and suppliers and their performances. The reasons are increasing costs in manufacturing, faster life cycle of products and lack of scared resources. The purpose of this study is to search the literature about the supply chain integration activities among manufacturers, suppliers and customers. First, supply chain integration was composed of four ; logistics integration, supplier integration, purchasing integration, and information integration. Second, we try to verify the relationship between supply chain integration strategy, supply chain integration performance, and manufacturing performance. Third, we proposed the conceptual framework of supply chain integration and performance in manufacturing. This proposed model will be helpful for achieving competitive advantage and will be analyzed empirically in the near future.

제조기업의 e-비즈니스 전략을 통한 공급사슬 통합에 관한 연구

윤재홍,이근호,김영수 東亞大學校 經營問題硏究所 2002 經營論叢 Vol.23 No.-

This study examines how to achieve the supply chain integration by developing e-business strategy in the manufacturing company. In order to achieve this goal, the definition of e-business was introduced, first. Second,environment analysis for developing e-business strategy was conducted. Third,the process developing e-business strategy was explained, Forth, the supply chain integration developing e-business strategy was proposed. The proposed model showed the interaction among manufacturing goals(such as cost, quality,delivery,and flexibility), e-business strategy,suppliers and customers. The model was applied for the automobile and heavy weight machine industries. This model will be helpful to enhance the competitiveness in the age of e-bussiness management.

林地利用에 따른 溪流水의 水質變化

具瀟瑛,鄭源玉,金弘洙,朴晋源,麻鎬燮 경상대학교 농과대학 부속연습림 2001 演習林硏究報告 Vol.- No.11

Table 2. Evaluation of stream water quality in three stands by Drinking water quality standard <원문참조> 임지이용에 따른 수질변화 및 오염정도를 구명하여 향후 비점오염원 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 경남 진주시 정평리에 위치한 3개 임분(소나무, 밤나무Ⅰ, 반나무Ⅱ임분)에서 2000년 7월부터 9월까지 계류수의 수질변화를 분석하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 세 임분의 계류수 pH는 소나무 임분(pH6.59)>밤나무 Ⅱ임분(ph 6.53)>밤나무 Ⅰ임분(pH 6.47)계류수 순으로 나타났다. 2. 전기전도도는 밤나무 Ⅰ임분>소나무 임분>밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 3. 양이온은 세 임분의 계류수 모두 Ca^2+, Na^+, Mg^2+, K^+, NH_^+의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 4. 음이온은 소나무 임분과 밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수에서는 SO_4^2, Cl, NO_3의 순으로 높게 나타났고, 밤나무 Ⅰ임분 계류수에서는 NO_3, SO_4^2, Cl 의 순으로 높게 나타나 차이를 보였다. 5. 소나무, 밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수는 pH, NH_4+, NO_3, Cl, SO_4^2이 먹는 물 수질기준 범위내에 있었다. 그러나 밤나무 Ⅰ임분 계류수에서 5항목 중 NO_3는 먹는 물 수질기준을 넘어서는 범위에 있어 임지이용에 따른 하류수질의 오염이 우려되었다. 따라서 이러한 상류지역에서 오염원 차단을 위한 수질정화시설 등의 대책이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to clarify the change characteristics of stream water quality by land-use of forest from July to September, 2000 in three stands(Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata(Ⅰ), Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand) of Jeongpyeong-ri, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam. The mean pH of rainfall results in acid rain of 5.3. The pH of stream water in three stands was hugh in order of Pinus densiflora (pH 6.59), Castanea crenata(Ⅱ)(pH 6.53) and Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand(pH 6.47). The electrical conductivity of stream water was high in order of Castanea crenata(Ⅰ), Pinus densiflora and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand. Cations of three stand in stream water high in order of Ca^2+, Na^+, Mg^2+, K^+ and NH_4^+. But anions of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand were high in order of SO_4^2, Cl and NO_3. In Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand cations of stream water were high in order of NO_3, SO_^2 and Cl. The level of pH, NH_4^+, NO_3, Cl and SO_4^2 of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand reached within the level of domestic use standard for drinking water But the level of NO_3 of stream water in Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand was higher than that of domestic use standard. Therefore, non-point sources like forest watersheds which are fertilizer application lands should be taken to the appropriate mitigation measures.