신축학교 실내공기질이 초등학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향

김태섭,김선주,박시영,전만중,김규태,김창윤,정종학,백성옥,사공준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 신축초등학교와 대조학교를 선정하여 교실 내 포름알데히드와 TVOCs를 측정하고 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 이용하여 실내공기 오염물질이 학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 신축초등학교 5학년 71명을 실내공기 오염물질 노출군으로 하고, 개교한지 12년째인 대구시의 일개 초등학교 5학년 2학급 63명을 대조군으로 하여 실내공기 오염물질농도 측정 및 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 신축학교에서 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시 포름알데히드 농도는 34.6 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에는 27.3 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1교시 80.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시 127.1 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교에서는 2학급 각각 1교시에 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 7.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 19.8 ㎍/㎥, 25.2 ㎍/㎥였다. TVOCs의 경우 신축학교의 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시에 농도는 487.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 428.2 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1 교시에 농도는 1,283.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 1,715.4 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교의 경우 2학급에서 각각 1교시에 농도는 240.9 ㎍/㎥, 150.8 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 농도는 371.9 ㎍/㎥, 448.0 ㎍/㎥였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간은 대조학급이 1교시에 2,585 msec에서 4교시에 2,459 msec으로 감소한 반면 신축학교의 창문을 의도적으로 개방한 학급은 2,343 msec에서 2,510 msec으로, 평소대로 수업한 학급은 2,340 msec에서 2,563 msec으로 반응시간이 각각 167 msec, 223 msec 증가하였다. 1교시의 부호숫자 짝짓기 의 반응시간을 100%로 했을 때 창문을 의도적으로 개방 한 학급은 4교시에 5.9% 증가하였고(p<0.01), 평소대로 수업한 학급은8.3% 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면에 대조학급은 4교시에 5.0% 감소하였다(p<0.01). 결론: 향후 학교의 실내공기질의 안전성 평가는 샘플링 된 공기의 오염수준의 측정뿐만 아니라 학생들의 건강영향도 함께 고려되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives: Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. Methods: This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. Results: In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 μg/㎥, respectively. The levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1^(st) and 4^(th) class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 μg/㎥, and 19.8 and 25.2 μg/㎥, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 μg/㎥, and 371.9 and 448.0 μg/㎥ in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4^(th) class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1^(st) class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. Conclusions: These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.

複合 韓藥劑 淸籬滋坎湯의 抗癌效果 및 作用機轉 糾明

Cho, Kyung-Sam,Kim, Si-Young,Park, Jai-Kyung,Choi, Seung-Hoon,Chung, Se-Young,Yoon, Hwi-Joong 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung Sam Cho¹Si Young Kim¹, Jai Kyung Park²,Seung Hoon Choi³,Se Young Chung⁴, Hwi Joong Yoon¹¹College of Medicine, ²East-West Medical Research Institute, ³College of Oriental Medicine, ⁴College of Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University,Seoul, Korea. The Anti-cancer Effect of Oriental Medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang in the Mouse with Metastatic Lung Cancer. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 231-243, 1999.-The oriental medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang is an herbal medicine which has been used for pulmonary diseases and known as having immune stimulatory effects. It has been known effective in lung cancer. So we studied the effects and the mechanisms of this herbal medicine it the mouse with metastatic lung cancer. The metastatic lung cancer of the mouse was produced with melnoma cell line(B16BL/6).5×10□/mouse tumor cells were injected intravenously to the CDF1 mouse via tail vein. The mice were divided 4 groups. The first group was treated with 50mg/kg extract of Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang per oral for 10 days after cancer cell injection, second group treated with saline after cancer cell injection, the third group with medicine without cancer cell, and the last group with saline only. After 10 days treatments some of the mice were scarificed and the lung and spleen was removed. The survival duration, weight change, the number of metastatic cancer nodule of the lung, the NK cell activity, the capacity of cytokines(INF-γ,INF-α,IL-2) production and the proliferation activities of mouse lymphocytes were measured. The surival times of the group 1 mice were longer and the weight loss was less than the group 2 significantly. The number of the metastatic nodule of the lung were decresed in the group 1 than the group 2. The production of INF-γ,was increase in group 2 than group 3 and 4, IL-2 production was increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4 significantly. There was no difference in TNF- α production and proliferation activity of lymphocyte in each group. The NK cell activity was significantly increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4. We conclude that the Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang has the effect of increasing the NK cell activity of the CDF1 mouse with metastatic lung cancer(B16BL/6). And it is suggested that the increased production of the IL-2 is the mechanisms of enhanced NK cell activity.

여행기업의 정보화투자평가에 대한 실증적 연구

김시중,이웅규 한국관광정책학회 1999 觀光政策學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

Korean travel enterprise are supporting a knowledge business including management and mind decision after they made in epoch-making event in data processing and making informational practical use of a information system based on a computer and communication. According to this charge, although a role and importance or information technology are being emphasized because of the increase in the productivity and efficiency of travel enterprise. I tried to show the alternative for efficient management of information system travel enterprise through the study about it. Because, a top executive's opinion on the field of information at travel enterprise has never been investigated exactly till now. How should we do to enhance such a investment value of informationization at a travel enterprise? As you see the analysized result through survey research before, a top executive's consciousness of a travel enterprise about the investment of informationization must be reformed first. And I suggest the following three alternatives additionally. First, making clear the investment of informationization for business reform third development of various treatment methods about the danger of investment and uncertainty. This research was made to establish a opportunity for entering competitive travel enterprise in the for entering competitive travel enterprise in the future, after inspecting opinions of top executive in korean travel enterprise about informationization investment. But the study has a limit which has not a first time employee's opinion on the spot. Therefore, I expect that the study of various methodology which is able to eliminate a first time employee's opinion survey and danger or uncertainty of travel enterprise about informationization investment will be made through later one.

호텔 이용객의 지각된 서비스 질 평가에 관한 연구

김시중,김희정 한국관광정책학회 2000 觀光政策學硏究 Vol.6 No.1

The customer evaluations of the products and service qualities has been recognized as the most important factors for developing marketing strategies. The hotel industries should have the better way of measuring customer evaluations of their services and products. On the importance of measuring customer's evaluation of service quality in hotel industries, this study measured the customer evaluation of service quality in the various hotels at Taejeon City. Three hypotheses were built to find the relationship between the frequency level of visit and the perceived level of service quality, the effects of various dimension of service quality on the overall evaluation of service quality, and the effects of socio-demographic variables on the service quality. It was found that the customer evaluation of hotel service quality could be explained by the five dimensions of service quality, including tangibility, value, responsiveness, comfort, and accessibility. The study showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequence level of visit and the customer evaluation of service quality.. However, it was revealed a statistically significant effect of three dimensions out of five dimensions of service quality on the overall evaluation of service quality. The study also found a significant relationship between gender and income and the service quality.

패밀리 레스토랑 종사원의 유니폼 디자인 개발에 관한 연구

김시중,양리나 한국관광정책학회 2002 觀光政策學硏究 Vol.8 No.1

This study conducted a questionnaire survey of family restaurant employees in Seoul on their satisfaction and preference in working uniforms, and analysed the result to suggest adequate designs to serve the purposes of uniforms. The result is as follows: First, many pointed out a need to improve generally showing a low satisfaction with varying degrees according to sexes and ages. More women complained about colors, designs, materials and sizes than men did, and young employees in their twenties wanted better designs, colors and sizes in the order while those in their thirties and forties were dissatisfied mostly with materials. The need for the improvement was focused on function and designs, and as for uniform materials, perspiration absorbency had the highest level of dissatisfaction. Second, about 40% of the respondents said the skirt width, pants length, and sleeve width were too small or too big, therefore it is vital to improve uniform sizes. Third, the employees on duty felt uncomfortable mostly when they sat, and the neck and armhole parts were the most uncomfortable. The most easily tainted parts were in the order of the collar, front hem, and sleeve seam for upper garments, and the hip, bottom hem, and pleats for lower ones. Therefore it is required to develop functional uniforms considering the body features and momentum. Fourth, the most preferred material was that guaranteed easy movement and good air-permeability, and colors were in the order of white, beige and black for upper garments, and black, beige and blue for lower ones. And plain, natural and stripped patterns were preferred by both men and women. As seen so far, restaurant employees were mostly dissatisfied with the design, movement, and function of their uniforms demanding functional ones made of better and comfortable material. Uniform designs were suggested based on the analysis of the demonstrative rese.

관광기업윤리의 개념적 모형 개발

김시중,이영관,조원권 우송대학교 1996 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

Even though the tour business in Korea has grown rapidly with the changes of the time, it has caused lots of problems in the ethical aspects. Accordingly, the disagreements between tour business and society has been amplified and society requires new contract against tour business. By this reason. tour business is under an age of turning point that should solve comples ethical problems for themselves. To solve these ethical problems, sound business ethics must be established. To attain these goals, we should direct the study toward the basis of conceptual model of tour business. To do this, we have to seek after the ideology and spirits of business ethics developed by Yi Yi and Chung Yahk Yong who were representative scholar of Yi dynasty . We also have to set conceptual models in tour business ethics by adapting David Vogel's development model in business ethics, Joseph Badaracoo's business men's ethics model and David L. Whitney's determinant factors in tour business ethics. The conceptual model of tour business ethics represented by this study takes characteristic of basic research for the recognition of importance in tour business ethics and for the counter measure. By the consistent study, we must enhance tour business ethics and business image. we are going to ending up this study with the task of finding substantial alternatives that are essential to be an entrepreneur civilian internally and externally.

호텔기업 종사원의 부서별 지향가치와 공유가치의 관계에 관한 연구

김시중 한국관광정책학회 2002 觀光政策學硏究 Vol.8 No.2

This study was examined the characteristics of individual or an organization and oriented value, and the relationship of the oriented value and shared value for the subjects of employees in the field and management division of tourism hotels which are classified in the first or second class in Seoul. The hypothesis of this study are as follows: <Hypothesis 1> The field employees of hotel would prefer to have a professional tendency and the management employees would prefer to have the organizational tendency. <Hypothesis 2> The employees who have organizational tendency would have higher shared standard of organization value than the employees of professional tendency. As a result of the study, the hypothesis 1 has accepted as showing the mean value is high when the field employees have their professional tendencies and the management employees also have their organizational tendencies respectively. The hypothesis 2 has also accepted that the employees who have organizational tendency have higher shared value than the employees of professional tendency.

국민연금기금의 복지관광사업 투자평가를 위한 비용·편익분석 모형에 관한 연구

김시중,오흥철 우송대학교 1997 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The objective of this study was to help decision-makers to be able to make a decision on a social tourism investment, based on the reasonable estimate standard. This was possible by introducing the estimate method for the effectiveness of investment on social tourism project and by using this method on the analysis of the alternative investment projects. For the analysis and estimate of welfare tourism investment, the advanced cost-benefit model was developed, based on the previous traditional cost-benefit analysis. This new cost-benefit model supplemented the weakness fo traditional cost-benefit model by utilizing the concept of total-social-benefit and total-social-cost.

호텔기업의 경영지표 분석에 관한 연구 : 경북지역 특1급 호텔을 대상으로 the First Class Hotels in Kyungbuk

김시중 우송대학교 부설 산업연구원 2003 산업연구 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study is to work out the standard financial ratio which is the management indicator of 2001 and 2002. The subject are the First Class hotels in Kyungbuk area. The result of this analysis showed that the financial structure of 2001 is better than 2002 in the stability of First Class hotels in Kyungbuk. Meanwhile the financial ratio which is related to the growth and activity showed that it is in much higher level in 2002, comparing to 2001.

유성관광특구의 관광객 유치 촉진방안에 관한 연구

김시중,김희정,최지영 우송대학교 1999 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The Korean Government has designated Yousung area as a tourism special district for promoting tourists' visitation. Unfortunately, since then, number of foreign visitors and domestic visitors has decreased gradually, except the years of 1994 and 1995. The purpose of this study is to find the current problems which the district has and develop strategies for promoting tourists' visitations. The study found three problems related to the district: 1) lack of sign boards and advertisements, 2) lack of events such as cultural events, art events and sport events and 3) lack of regional and central government supports. Three strategies could be recommendable for this district: 1) developing tourism routes for linking it to other tourist destinations, 2) improving overall service quality, and 3) loosening governmental restrictions.