Promising Fe3O4/CdSe Nanocomposites for Rug Delivery in Liver Cancer Treatment

( Shaimaa A. Habib ),( M. B. Mohamed ),( S. A. Saafan ),( T. M. Meaz ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Nowadays, magnetic semiconductors nanocomposites have become a new class of materials of great importance promising with new properties and exploiting unique incorporation between materials. For example, one can make use of a variety of spin-related phenomena, not readily available in other materials. this work concentrates on synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNs) and Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs). CdSe QDs have attractive optical properties such as bright fluorescence emission and wide absorption band in the visible region and they possess the ability to act as energy donors through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). MNs also are known to have interesting applications in biomedical field and drug delievery system. Methods: In the present work, bi-functional magnetic-luminescent nanocomposites with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as the cores and CdSe as the shells have been synthesized by a facile direct precipitation method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the obtained bi-functional nanocomposites had a core-shell structure. The flower shape has been ascribed to the inhomogeneous growth of CdSe due to the presence of many active sites which turn to be nucleation centers for the CdSe on the surface of the nano-magnetite. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns ensured the cubic spinel structure of the Fe₃O₄ core. Results: Magnetic measurements indicated that the presence of CdSe in the composite has reduced its magnetic properties. Optical measurements of the Fe₃O₄/CdSe nanocomposites showed that the prepared samples have dual functions, optical tunable band gap similar to the semiconductor quantum dots and magnetic properties due to Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. According to the values of Stokes shift of the new hybrid composites, one can suggest that they may be promising in drug delivery (liver cancer treatment). All of the first line of result idicate that all of fabricated samples are so promising in drug delivery system. Conclusions: Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles has been successfully prepared by the co-precipetation method. The have been investigated via XRD, TEM and VSM. The XRD confirms the formation of the required cubic ferrite without other unwanted phases. The Fe₃O₄has been used as a seed or as a core to grow CdSe nanoshell around. The obtained hybrid Fe₃O₄ nanostructure has flower shape particles. The Fe₃O₄/CdSe nanocomposites has larger quantum yield values thanthose of pure CdSe QDs may be due to the fact that magnetic nanoparticles facilitate the electron holerecombination and enhance the emission from the quantum dots. In other words, the presence of Fe₃O₄ enhances the optical properties of CdSe quantum dots. The prepared nanocomposites have dual functions, optical tunable band gap similar to the semiconductor quantum dots and magnetic properties due to Fe₃O₄nanoparticles. This composite would be considered as dilute magnetic-semiconductor and could be used in spintronics, biosensors, solarcells and biomedical lables which could confirm that these nanoparticles could be a suitable drug delievery tool for many anticancer agent in the future.

Nanoparticles of ZnO/Berberine complex contract COVID-19 and respiratory co-bacterial infection in addition to elimination of hydroxychloroquine toxicity

Ghareeb Doaa A.,Saleh Samar R.,Seadawy Mohamed G.,Nofal Mohammed S.,Abdulmalek Shaymaa A.,Hassan Salma. F.,Khedr Shaimaa M.,AbdElwahab Miral G.,Sobhy Ahmed A.,Abdel-Hamid Ali saber Ali,Yassin Abdelrah 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.6

Purpose A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that has not been previously identified in humans and has no specific treatment has recently spread. Treatment trials using antiviral and immune-modulating drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were used to control this viral outbreak however several side effects have emerged. Berberine (BER) is an alkaloid that has been reported to reveal some pharmacological properties including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate the efficiency of both BER and synthetic ZnO/BER complex as an anti-COVID-19 therapy. Methods First, the ZnO/BER complex was prepared by the facile mixing method. Then in vitro studies on the two compounds were conducted including VeroE6 toxicity, anti-COVID-19 activity, determination of inhibitory activity towards papain-like proteinase (PL pro) and spike protein- and receptor- binding domain (RBD) as well as assessment of drug toxicity on RBCs. Results The results showed that ZnO/BER complex acts as an anti-COVID-19 by inhibiting spike protein binding with angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE II), PL pro activity, spike protein and E protein levels, and expression of both E-gene and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) at a concentration lower than that of BER or ZnO-NPs alone. Furthermore, ZnO/BER complex had antioxidant and antimicrobial properties where it prevents the auto oxidation of 2,2-Diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the culture of lower respiratory system bacteria that affected Covid 19 patients. The ZnO/BER complex prevented as well the HCQ cytotoxic effect on both RBC and WBC (in vitro) and hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and anemia that occurred after HCQ long administration in vivo. Conclusion The ZnO/BER complex can be accounted as promising anti-COVID 19 candidate because it inhibited the virus entry, replication, and assembly. Furthermore, it could be used to treat a second bacterial infection that took place in hospitalized COVID 19 patients. Moreover, ZnO/BER complex was found to eliminate the toxicity of long-term administration of HCQ in vivo.

Ameliorative effects of Dictyota dichotoma on hepatotoxicity induced by gibberellic acid in albino rats

Ali Shaimaa,Moselhy Walaa A.,Mohamed Hanaa M.,Nabil Taghreed M.,Abo El-Ela Fatma I.,Abdou Kh. 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.3

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a natural plant growth regulator that is crucial for plant structural and functional development. We examined the alleviating capacity of brown algae (Dictyota dichotoma) on biochemical and molecular degenerative processes caused by sub-chronic exposure to gibberellic acid resulting in hepatic cell apoptosis. Adult male albino rats were divided into five equal groups: the first group received distilled water, the second group was treated with GA3, the third group was administered D. dichotoma extract suspended in 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), the fourth group was administered both GA3 and D. dichotoma simultaneously, and the fifth group received 1% CMC orally, 5 days per week for a total of 50 days. The results indicated that GA3 induced a significant increase in liver function parameters based on serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin, which indicate hepatotoxicity. A marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a marked decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed as a result of induction of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Histopathology revealed severely degenerated hepatocytes including cytoplasmic vacuolations and many apoptotic cells with weak Bcl2 expression. Similarly, there was a significant up-regulation of gene and protein expression levels for the pro-apoptotic markers, Caspase-3 and Bax, and an increase in pro-inflammatory marker levels, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as C-reactive protein (CRP). The co-administration of D. dichotoma restored the disrupted biochemical, histopathological, molecular, and inflammatory changes resulting from GA3 toxicity. Our results confirm the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and hepatoprotective potential of D. dichotoma.

Physiological and molecular evaluation of ten Egyptian barley cultivars under salt stress conditions

Khalil Shaimaa R. M.,Ashoub Ahmed,Hussein Basita A.,Brüggemann Wolfgang,Hussein Ebtissam H. A.,Tawfik Mohamed S. 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

Ten Egyptian barley cultivars (Giza 129, 132, 123, 127, 2000, 130, 126, 135, 128 and 133) were assessed under 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl. The cultivars performance under salinity was measured in open feld conditions using the Fv/Fm and Performance Index. Measurements of growth parameters as well as other chlorophyll fuorescence parameters (RC/CS, TFm, RC/ABS and ABS/RC) were also included. Giza 129 is considered salt-tolerant, and Giza 123 is salt sensitive cultivar. Both cultivars, along with Giza 132 (moderately salt tolerant), were used to evaluate the relative expression of the B2 and shmt genes at 0,100 and 200 mM NaCl. The expression of both genes increased in the tested cultivars upon salinity treatment. At 200 mM NaCl, B2 and shmt genes relative expression reached 1.9- and 1.5-folds in the salt-tolerant cultivar (Giza 129); while getting 1.6 and 1.2 folds in the sensitive cultivar (Giza 123). Repeating the same experiment for Giza 129, 132, and 123 under the growth chamber conditions revealed that the efect of salinity was more vigorous at the physiological and morphological levels. In addition, the gene expression was generally higher than that of the open feld conditions, although exhibiting a similar trend of results. Our results under the present study indicate that Giza 129 is a candidate for further salinity-breeding studies. Furthermore, a comparison between growth chamber and open feld conditions revealed a kind of adaptation of barley PSII to the continuous salt stress in the open feld conditions.

Potential therapeutic and pharmacological strategies for SARS-CoV2

Ghareeb Doaa A.,Saleh Samar R.,Nofal Mohammed S.,Kaddah Mohamed M. Y.,Hassan Salma. F.,Seif Inas K.,El-Zahaby Sally A.,Khedr Shaimaa M.,Kenawy Marwa Y.,Masoud Aliaa A.,Soudi Salma A.,Sobhy Ahmed A.,Se 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.3

Background At the end of 2019, the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) strain causing severe acute respiratory syndrome swept the world. From November 2019 till February 2021, this virus infected nearly 104 million, with more than two million deaths and about 25 million active cases. This has prompted scientists to discover effective drugs to combat this pandemic. Area covered Drug repurposing is the magic bullet for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2). Therefore, several drugs have been investigated in silico, in vitro, as well as through human trials such as anti- SARS-CoV2 agents, or to prevent the complications resulting from the virus. In this review, the mechanisms of action of different therapeutic strategies are summarized. According to the WHO, different classes of drugs can be used, including anti-malarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant drugs, as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, antibiotics, vitamins, zinc, neutralizing antibodies, and convalescent plasma therapy. Recently, there are some vaccines which are approved against SARS-CoV2. Expert opinion A complete understanding of the structure and function of all viral proteins that play a fundamental role in viral infection, which contribute to the therapeutic intervention and the development of vaccine in order to reduce the mortality rate.

Securing Multimedia Transmission Using Optimized Multiple Huffman Tables Technique

Shaimaa A. El-said,El-said,Khalid F. A. Hussein,Mohamed M. Fouad 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2011 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.4 No.1

Surface modification of CdSe nanocrystals: Application to polymer solar cell

M. Nabil,Shaimaa A. Mohamed,K. Easawi,Salah S.A. Obayya,S. Negm,H. Talaat,M.K. El-Mansy 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.3

The optimum choice of the ligand that stabilizes the colloidal quantum dots and passivate the surface is crucial for tuning the energy level and remain elusive. The atomic ligand passivation with iodide remains superior over other surface treatments. Herein, we applied the iodide ligand to passivate the CdSe nanocrystals with an excitonic absorption at 2.1 eV by a liquid-liquid extraction process. We took the view of the change in the optical and structural properties upon ligand exchange. Finally, we tested the performance of the iodide treated dots by employing it in an inverted structure polymer solar cell based on P3HT: PCBM.

The Usefulness of 4D Echocardiographic Modality for Assessing RV Affection in Uncontrolled Hypertensive Patients

Rehab M. Hamdy,Shaimaa A Habib,Layla A Mohamed,Ola H. Abd Elaziz 한국심초음파학회 2022 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.30 No.4

BACKGROUND: In many cardiovascular disorders, the contractile performance of the right ventricle (RV) is the primary determinant of prognosis. For evaluating RV volumes and function, 4 dimensional (4D)-echocardiography has become common. This research used 2D and 4D modalities to assess RV contractile performance in hypertensive patients. METHODS: A total of 150 patients with essential hypertension were enrolled in this study, along with 75 age and sex-matched volunteers. Clinical evaluation and echocardiographic examination (including M-mode, tissue Doppler imaging, and 2D speckle tracking) were conducted on all participants. RV volumes, 4D-ejection fraction (EF), 4D-fractional area change (FAC), 4D-tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), 4D-septal and free wall (FW) strain were all measured using 4D-echocardiography. RESULTS: Hypertensive patients showed 2D-RV systolic and diastolic dysfunction (including TAPSE, 2D-right ventricular global longitudinal strain, RV-myocardial performance index and average E/EaRV) and 4D-RV impairment (including right ventricular EF, FAC, RV strain and TAPSE, right ventricular end-diastolic volume and right ventricular end-systolic volume) compared to the control group. We verified the prevalence of RV systolic dysfunction in hypertension patients using the following parameters: 1) 15% of them had 2D-TAPSE < 17 mm vs. 40% by 4D-TAPSE; 2) 25% of them had 2D-GLS < 19% vs. 42% by 4D-septal strain and 35% by 4D FW strain; 3) 35% of hypertensive patients had 4D-EF < 45%; and finally; 4) 25% of hypertensive patients had 2D-FAC < 35% compared to 45% by 4D-FAC. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of RV involvement was greater in 4D than in 2D-modality trans-thoracic echocardiography. We speculated that 4D-echocardiography with 4D-strain imaging would be more beneficial for examining RV morphology and function in hypertensive patients than 2D-echocardiography, since 4D-echocardiography could estimate RV volumes and function without making geometric assumptions.

Effectiveness of dredging and drains’ treatment on water quality of Rosetta branch

Mohie Eldin M. Omar,Mohamed A. Ghareeb,Shaimaa El Sherbini 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.1

Rosetta Branch of Nile River in Egypt receives drainage water from five agricultural drains deteriorating its water quality. Since the branch is used for irrigation and municipal purposes, its water quality should be enhanced. Hence, the current paper aimed at providing the most effective intervention to improve the branch water quality. Preventing drainage disposal was excluded due its significance to downstream users. The paper investigated the impacts of drains" treatment and branch dredging on hydrodynamics and water quality. The branch was numerically simulated using HECRAS model, and calibrated using measured water levels and quality parameters. The paper selected constructed wetlands as the most suitable method for drainage treatment based on conditions of study area. SUBWET model predicted optimal designs of wetlands achieving the desired treatment efficiency. SUBWET model was calibrated with experimental wetlands at Delta Barrage. Results showed that 1-m dredging dropped water surface elevations by 22 to 50 cm. Dredging had no significant changes in the backwater zone of Edfina Barrage at the branch end except for the maximum flow case. Simulation of dissolved oxygen and ammonium showed that dredging and treatment improved water quality. Drains’ treatment by constructed wetlands with selected designs was much more effective than dredging.