http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Indocyanine Green Videoangiography for Confirmation of Bypass Graft Patency
Schuette, Albert J.,Dannenbaum, Mark J.,Cawley, Charles M.,Barrow, Daniel L. The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2011 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.50 No.1
Objective : The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography for confirmation of vascular anastomosis patency in both extracranial-intracranial and intracranial-intracranial bypasses. Methods : Intraoperative ICG videoangiography was used as a surgical adjunct for 56 bypasses in 47 patients to assay the patency of intracranial vascular anastomosis. These patients underwent a bypass for cerebral ischemia in 31 instances and as an adjunct to intracranial aneurysm surgery in 25. After completion of the bypass, ICG was administered to assess the patency of the graft. The findings on ICG videoangiography were then compared to intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging. Results : ICG provided an excellent visualization of all cerebral arteries and grafts at the time of surgery. Four grafts were determined to be suboptimal and were revised at the time of surgery. Findings on ICG videoangiography correlated with intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging. Conclusion : ICG videoangiography is rapid, effective, and reliable in determining the intraoperative patency of bypass grafts. It provides intraoperative information allowing revision to reduce the incidence of technical errors that may lead to early graft thrombosis.
최윤선,Michael A. Schuett 한국관광연구학회 2019 관광연구저널 Vol.33 No.4
Koran national park visitation has been on the rise during the last decade. Understanding the differences in individual needs and characteristics of park visitors has been investigated extensively in the literature, but a scant amount of research has focused on Korean national park visitors. This article contributes to the literature on parks and protected areas by examining peoples’ use of leisure services (visitation of national parks) in Korean national parks based on frequency of visitation. The results showed that 12.1% of the visitors were first-time visitors, while 87.9% were repeat visitors. In addition, the results identified 11 variables that discriminated between the first-time and repeat visitor groups, eight visitor characteristics (i.e., age, gender, income, education, group type, length of visit, proximity, number of people in group) and three attributes (i.e., environmental pollution, public etiquette, cultural commercialization). As Korean national parks continue to see increase usage, concerns over use, maintenance, user education, and conservation have become increasingly critical for managers. Future research is suggested to learn more about the effects of services and facilities on visitors’ experiences, visitors’ characteristics, park attributes, and preferences of Korean national park visitors to meet current and future users’ needs.