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Social Networks in “The Mana World” - an Analysis of Social Ties in an Open Source MMORPG
Markus Schatten,Bogdan Okreša Đurić 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.3
A social network analysis is conducted in an instance in the Mana World, an open source massively on-line role playing game (MMORPG), during a controlled experiment in which data from 181 player characters was gathered during a period of 2 months. The presented results are part of the first phase of the Model MMORPG (Large-Scale Multi-Agent Modeling of Massively On-Line Role-Playing Games) project in which players played a specially designed quest to find patterns of organizational behaviour between players. Results give an insight into the various networks that formed during the experiment based on numerous criteria including in game friendships, parties, and various types of communication.
Regulatory Mechanism of Spindle Movements during Oocyte Meiotic Division
Ai, Jun-Shu,Li, Mo,Schatten, Heide,Sun, Qing-Yuan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.11
Female germ cell meiotic divisions are typically asymmetric, giving rise to two daughter cells with different sizes. Spindle movements including spindle migration from the oocyte center to the cortex and spindle rotation from parallel to perpendicular (typically in the mouse) at the cortex are crucial for these asymmetric divisions and therefore are crucial for gamete production. Different regulatory mechanisms for spindle movements have been determined in different species and a wide variety of different molecular components and processes that are involved in spindle movements have also been identified in different species. Here, we review the current state of knowledge as well as our understanding of mechanisms for spindle movements in different systems with focus on three main aspects: microtubules (MT), microfilaments (MF) and molecules associated with cytoskeletal organization as well as molecules that are not directly related to the cytoskeleton. How they might interact or function independently during female meiotic divisions in different species is discussed in detail.
Veronica Falcone,Grammata Kotzaeridi,Melanie Hanne Breil,Ingo Rosicky,Tina Stopp,Gülen Yerlikaya-Schatten,Michael Feichtinger,Wolfgang Eppel,Peter Husslein,Andrea Tura,Christian S. Göbl 대한당뇨병학회 2019 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.43 No.6
Background: An early identification of the risk groups might be beneficial in reducing morbidities in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the biochemical predictors of glycemic conditions, in addition to fasting indices of glucose disposal, to predict the development of GDM in later stage and the need of glucose-lowering medication. Methods: A total of 574 pregnant females (103 with GDM and 471 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT]) were included. A metabolic characterization was performed before 15+6 weeks of gestation by assessing fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), fasting C-peptide (FCP), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Thereafter, the patients were followed-up until the delivery. Results: Females with NGT had lower levels of FPG, FI, FCP, or HbA1c at the early stage of pregnancy, and therefore, showed an improved insulin action as compared to that in females who developed GDM. Higher fasting levels of FPG and FCP were associated with a higher risk of developing GDM. Moreover, the predictive accuracy of this metabolic profiling was also good to distinguish the patients who required glucose-lowering medications. Indices of glucose disposal based on C-peptide improved the predictive accuracy compared to that based on insulin. A modified quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKIc) showed the best differentiation in terms of predicting GDM (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [ROC-AUC], 72.1%) or need for pharmacotherapy (ROC-AUC, 83.7%). Conclusion: Fasting measurements of glucose and C-peptide as well as the surrogate indices of glycemic condition could be used for stratifying pregnant females with higher risk of GDM at the beginning of pregnancy.