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Mohamed Ibrahim A.,Fathy Mohamed,Farghal Ahmed I.A.,Temerak Sobhy A.H.,Sayed Alaa El-Din H. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1
The mosquito Culex pipiens is the most widely distributed dipteran species in all regions of Egypt and the principal vector of Wuchereria bancrofti and certain arboviruses in human beings. For controlling C. pipiens vector, biological tools (e.g., larvivorous fish and bioinsecticides) are more potent and safer options to the environment, human beings, and beneficial organisms than chemical pesticides. The efficiency of O. niloticus juveniles as predatory fish species and two bioinsecticides, spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12%, was investigated against the C. pipiens developmental stages in the laboratory. The first trial evaluated the predatory efficacy of small-sized O. niloticus (2.1–2.6 cm; 250–315 mg) and large-sized O. niloticus (2.5–3.2 cm; 250–315 mg) against the 3rd larvae and pupae of C. pipiens. This is the first report in Egypt confirming the predation potential of O. niloticus as efficient predatory fish against the immature C. pipiens. Large-sized O. niloticus predated a greater number of 3rd of C. pipiens larvae and pupae than the small-sized ones. Furthermore, the daily consumption of C. pipiens larvae by small- and large-sized O. niloticus was significantly higher than the pupae. The second trial assessed the toxicity efficacy of spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12% against C. pipiens larvae and pupae. The results confirmed that the tested bioinsecticides showed higher potency toward C. pipiens larvae than pupae after exposure for 24 h and 48 h. Spinosad was more toxic toward 3rd C. pipiens larvae (LC 50 = 0.013 and 0.003 mg/L) and pupae (LC 50 = 320.69 and 44.28 mg/L) than spinetoram after 24 and 48 h. Herein, O. niloticus juveniles (as promising native predatory fish) and spinosyns bioinsecticides were more effective against C. pipiens in the larval stage than in the pupal stage. In conclusion, Nile tilapia juveniles and biorational compounds, spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12%, might be considered as promising and favorable environmental biological agents for controlling C. pipiens in Egypt. However, further trials are needed to investigate the potential of these agents in the control of this mosquito vector under field conditions.
Han, Jeonghoon,Park, Jun Chul,Kang, Hye-Min,Byeon, Eunjin,Yoon, Deok-Seo,Lee, Min-Chul,Sayed, Alaa El-Din H.,Hwang, Un-Ki,Lee, Jae-Seong Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press 2019 Aquatic toxicology Vol.210 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To examine the adverse effects of the benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P), the monogonont rotifer <I>Brachionus rotundiformis</I> was exposed to various concentration of B[α]P (0 [control], 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) and measured life cycle parameters (e.g., mortality, fecundity [cumulated number of offspring], and lifespan), reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymatic activity of glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase (GST). In addition, defense-related transcripts (e.g., glutathione <I>S</I>-transferases [GSTs], ATP binding cassette [ABCs] transporters) and Western blot analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were investigated in B[α]P-exposed rotifer. In this study, the total intracellular ROS level and GST activity were significantly increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05), while fecundity and lifespan were also significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) reduced in a concentration dependent manner in B[α]P-exposed <I>B. rotundiformis</I>. In addition, transcriptional regulation of <I>GST</I>s and <I>ABC</I> transporters were significantly upregulated and downregulated (<I>P</I> < 0.05), respectively, suggesting that B[α]P can induce oxidative stress leading to induction of antioxidant system and detoxification mechanism. In addition to detoxification-related genes, B[α]P-exposed <I>B. rotundiformis</I> showed the increased levels of the p-JNK and p-p38, suggesting that B[α]P can activate MAPK signaling pathway in <I>B. rotundiformis</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fecundity and lifespan were decreased significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in B[α]P-exposed <I>B. rotundiformis</I>. </LI> <LI> Total intracellular ROS level and GST activity were significantly increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05). </LI> <LI> Transcriptional regulation of <I>GST</I>s and <I>ABC</I> transporters were significantly upregulated and downregulated (<I>P</I> < 0.05). </LI> <LI> B[α]P-exposed <I>B. rotundiformis</I> showed the increased levels of the p-JNK and p-p38. </LI> </UL> </P>