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The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea
Su-Jin Kang,Jihyun Moon,Heewon Kang,Heekyoung Nam,Sangwoo Tak,Sung-Il Cho 대한예방의학회 2020 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.53 No.5
302 Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine J Prev Med Public Health 2020;53:302-306 • https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.213 The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea SuJin Kang1, Jihyun Moon2, Heewon Kang1, Heekyoung Nam3, Sangwoo Tak1, Sung-il Cho1,3 1Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; 2Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea; 3Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Brief Report Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. Methods: We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. Results: According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. Conclusions: Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.
Jeong Dae Jin,Um Jee-Hyun,Kim Young Yeon,Shin Dong Jin,Im Sangwoo,Lee Kang-Min,Lee Yun-Hee,Lim Dae-sik,Kim Donghoon,Yun Jeanho 생화학분자생물학회 2024 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.56 No.-
Mitophagy induction upon mitochondrial stress is critical for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular function. Here, we found that Mst1/2 (Stk3/4), key regulators of the Hippo pathway, are required for the induction of mitophagy under various mitochondrial stress conditions. Knockdown of Mst1/2 or pharmacological inhibition by XMU-MP-1 treatment led to impaired mitophagy induction upon CCCP and DFP treatment. Mechanistically, Mst1/2 induces mitophagy independently of the PINK1-Parkin pathway and the canonical Hippo pathway. Moreover, our results suggest the essential involvement of BNIP3 in Mst1/2-mediated mitophagy induction upon mitochondrial stress. Notably, Mst1/2 knockdown diminishes mitophagy induction, exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces cellular survival upon neurotoxic stress in both SH-SY5Y cells and Drosophila models. Conversely, Mst1 and Mst2 expression enhances mitophagy induction and cell survival. In addition, AAV-mediated Mst1 expression reduced the loss of TH-positive neurons, ameliorated behavioral deficits, and improved mitochondrial function in an MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model. Our findings reveal the Mst1/2-BNIP3 regulatory axis as a novel mediator of mitophagy induction under conditions of mitochondrial stress and suggest that Mst1/2 play a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial function and neuronal viability in response to neurotoxic treatment.
( Sangwoo Kim ),( Kyung-jin Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.4
Acyl-CoA oxidases (ACOXs) play important roles in lipid metabolism, including peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation by the conversion of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica can utilize fatty acids as a carbon source and thus has extensive biotechnological applications. The crystal structure of ACOX3 from Y. lipolytica (YlACOX3) was determined at a resolution of 2.5 A. It contained two molecules per asymmetric unit, and the monomeric structure was folded into four domains; Nα, Nβ, Cα1, and Cα2 domains. The cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide was bound in the dimer interface. The substrate-binding pocket was located near the cofactor, and formed at the interface between the Nα, Nβ, and Cα1 domains. Comparisons with other ACOX structures provided structural insights into how YlACOX has a substrate preference for short-chain acyl-CoA. In addition, the structure of YlACOX3 was compared with those of medium- and long-chain ACOXs, and the structural basis for their differences in substrate specificity was discussed.
Which Traits of Chinese Students Reduce Social Identity During Study in Korea?
SangWoo Hahm,Xiu Jin 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.7
Social identity plays a key role for foreign students who study abroad. In this paper, we provide a more explanation of social identity, introversion, ethnocentrism, and the need for cognitive closure. Furthermore, we also present the relationship between them. This study focused on introversion, ethnocentrism, and the need for cognitive closure, which are generally seen as negative traits, and investigated their influence on social identity. Through regression analysis, the results showed that all three traits s are negatively correlated with social identity, and that ethnocentrism had the most negative effect on social identity. Accordingly, the research findings demonstrated that students who possess such traits would have less social identity with Korea. Furthermore, for such students it would be difficult to adapt to Korean society or communicate with Korean students. Thus, such phenomena may be considered as factors that could reduce life satisfaction and lead to less than perfect outcomes while studying abroad.
Crystal Structure and Molecular Mechanism of Phosphotransbutyrylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum
( Sangwoo Kim ),( Kyung-jin Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.10
Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum has been considered a promising process of industrial biofuel production. Phosphotransbutyrylase (phosphate butyryltransferase, PTB) plays a crucial role in butyrate metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of butyryl-CoA into butyryl phosphate. Here, we report the crystal structure of PTB from the Clostridial host for ABE fermentation, C. acetobutylicum, (CaPTB) at a 2.9 A resolution. The overall structure of the CaPTB monomer is quite similar to those of other acyltransferases, with some regional structural differences. The monomeric structure of CaPTB consists of two distinct domains, the N- and C-terminal domains. The active site cleft was formed at the interface between the two domains. Interestingly, the crystal structure of CaPTB contained eight molecules per asymmetric unit, forming an octamer, and the size-exclusion chromatography experiment also suggested that the enzyme exists as an octamer in solution. The structural analysis of CaPTB identifies the substrate binding mode of the enzyme and comparisons with other acyltransferase structures lead us to speculate that the enzyme undergoes a conformational change upon binding of its substrate.
Novel Medium Composition for Improving Recovery Rate of E. coli
Jin-Sung Lee(이진성),Kenu-Sung Kim(김근성),Yong Sun Cho(조용선),Sangwoo Yoon(윤상우) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-
As the first step for developing a differential medium for E. coli bacteria containing new chromogenic substrates of which sensitivity and specificity are enhanced, this study is concerned with the screening of a culture medium composition for maximum recovery rate of E. coli. Based on the analysis of the maximum recovery rate of E. coli, beef extract, NaCl, SDS (or sodium deoxycholate), and glucose were finally selected as osmotic equivalent, gram-positive bacterium restraint, and carbon sources, respectively. The optimum concentration rate per liter of each of these culture medium compositions was determined. The results showed that the optimum composition improved the maximum recovery of E. coli by about 1.4 times more than the major nutrient culture medium such as NA, and PCA. Based on these culture medium compositions, we will plan to develop a differential medium of E. coli containing specific chromogenic substrates
( Sangwoo Park ),( Jeong Jae Lee ),( Boung Mo Yang ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Soyun Kim ),( Joowon Kang ),( Sejong Oh ),( Dong-jun Park ),( Rider Perez-maldonado ),( Jee-yeon Cho ),( Il-hun Park ),( Hyeun Bum 한국축산학회 2020 한국축산학회지 Vol.62 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary protease (PR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. A total of 75 weaned pigs [7.06 ± 0.18 kg of average body weight (BW); 28 day old] were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (blocks = BW and sex): a diet based on corn and soybean meal to meet the requirement of crude protein (CP) as a positive control (PC; CP = 24.49%), a low protein diet as a negative control (NC; CP = 22.51%), and NC + 0.02% PR. The PR used in this study was a commercial product containing 75,000 protease units/g derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. Pigs were fed the dietary treatments for 6 weeks and the diets containing 0.2% chromic oxide for the last week of this study. Blood, feces, ileal digesta, and ileum samples were collected from randomly selected two pigs in each pen on respective time points. Measurements were growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), CP, and energy, frequency of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), and ileal morphology of weaned pigs. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during overall experimental period than those fed NC. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) AID or ATTD of DM, CP, or energy than those fed NC. Moreover, pigs fed PR had higher ratio between villus height and crypt depth (p < 0.05) and number of goblet cells (p < 0.05) than those fed NC. Addition of PR decreased (p < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea for the first two weeks after weaning compared with PC and NC. In addition, pigs fed PR had lower (p < 0.05) PCV on d 14 after weaning than those fed PC and NC. In conclusion, addition of PR in nursery diets with a low protein level significantly improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs