기술금융기관의 효율성 분석사례

한상대(Sang-Dae Han),홍재범(Jae-Bum Hong) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2016 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.16 No.4

This case was to assess the efficiency of 26 technology appraisal centers(TAC) of Korea Technology Finance Corporation(KOTEC) and improve the efficiency. The research is based on the analysis of data collected from 2011 to 2013 with Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). As the number of employees and business administrative expenses were used as input variables, leveraging the number of technology appraisal cases, the amount of technology credit guarantee provision and the amount of debt collection through exercising indemnity rights as well as revenues accruing from the technology appraisals were used as output variables. The purpose of those variables are aimed at representing the differentiated features of KOTEC from other conventional credit guarantee institutions. The analysis result showed that the efficiencies of TACs were high overall and improving in the way that their efficiency values show mostly over 0.9 on average. CCR model showed that the number of effective DMUs –represented as Technology Efficiency(TE) Value was 1 – was 7 in 2011 and 13 in 2013 while BCC model showed that the number of DMUs, whose values of Pure Technology Efficiency(PTE) was 1, was 15 in 2011 and 17 in 2013 respectively. The number of DMUs, whose value of Scale Efficiency(SE) is 1, had also been increased from 7 in 2011 to 13 in 2013. The number of DMUs was to show the status of “Constant Returns to Scale(CRS)” increased from 7 in 2011 to 13 in 2013. The number of DMUs was to show the status of “Increasing Returns to Scale(IRS)” was 16 in 2011 and 11 in 2013. The number on “Decreasing Returns to Scale(DRS)” had decreased from 3 in 2011 to 2 in 2013 respectively. Therefore, the number of efficient DMUs whose input was proportional to output –signaling the optimal efficient status- increased by 6. The number of DMUs which still had inefficiency and needed to step up the input had been decreased by 4 while the number of DMU which need to be scaled back the input is decreased by 1. Overall, efficiency of TACs has been increased. The result implies there are many DMUs which could increase the size efficiency, not through removing the inefficiencies by decreasing the input, but through scaling up the total size of output, leveraged by the consolidation of the internal analogous operation in order to make a synergy effect as well as the reduction of outsourcing tasks which have been related with claim collection process and hiring external technology appraisal experts. The benchmarked DMUs which could be the reference group were An-san, Sa-Sang and Sung-Nam TACs. They were located near to the industry complexes. So, their geographical conditions were well positioned to access to the technology-innovative corporations and venture startups, solidifying the fundamental to provide supply in accordance with the increasing demand of technology finance. The value of this study was that it analyses the efficiency of KOTEC takes the key role of technology financing based on technology appraisal. This research was distinctive in that it defined the input and output variables to measure the efficiency of credit guarantee institutions while earlier studies, most of which researched credit-evaluation based guarantee institutions, did not deal with those variables. It has implications which could be applied to evaluate the efficiency of public technology appraisal institution in the future.

ERROR BOUNDS FOR SUMPSONS QUADRATURE THROUGH ZERO MEAN GEUSSIAN WITH COVARIANCE

Hong, Bum-Il,Choi, Sung-Hee,Hahm, Nahm-Woo Korean Mathematical Society 2001 대한수학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

We computed zero mean Gaussian of average error bounds pf Simpsons quadrature with convariances in [2]. In this paper, we compute zero mean Gaussian of average error bounds between Simpsons quadrature and composite Simpsons quadra-ture on four consecutive subintervals. The reason why we compute these on subintervals is because these results enable us to compute a posteriori error bounds on the whole interval in the later paper.

Rapid detection of novel Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates by electrospray ionization of Quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry

Sang-Soo Oh,Jong Bum Kim,Jeong Heub Song,Kyung San Choi,Soon Young Hong,Shin Chan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

Bacillus thuringiensis (B. t.) strains are important microorganism because they produced a large amount of δ-endotoxin protein per bacterial cell and their toxins are highly toxic to Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera depending on B. t. To date, more than a hundred Cry proteins have been identified and classified into 195 holotypes, based on the amino acid sequence identity. The Cry proteins or cry genes from the Korean native B. t. isolates in this study were not identified yet. The electrospray ionization of quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI Q-TOF MS) was used to get the internal amino acid sequences of the endotoxin-spore culture mixtures of B. t. isolates, for which polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were unable to detect the cognate genes. Most of Cry proteins seperated, excized, and extracted from the one dimensional - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE), instead of 2D-PAGE, were matched with protein databases using MS-MASCOT search program. The internal amino acid sequences which were submitted to protein BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) had partially homology with the Cry protein databases. Hence, present data strongly suggest that the de novo amino acid sequencing and ESI Q-TOF/MS analysis along with MASCOT search could be used as a simple and rapid method for detection of novel Cry toxins from B. t. isolates and identification of B. t. isolates.

Evidence Against the Involvement of stromal Acidification in the heat Induced Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Isolated Spinach chloroplasts

Sung Soo Jun,Chin Bum Lee,Young Nam Hong 생화학분자생물학회 1994 BMB Reports Vol.27 No.3

The inhibitory effect of heat treatment on CO₂ fixation in isolated chloroplasts was increased as the medium pH was lowered. At pH 8.1 heat treatment at 35℃ for 10 min produced a 50% inhibition while the same treatment caused a nearly 90% inhibition at pH 6.0. As a result, involvement of stromal acidification as an intermediate step in the heat-induced inhibition of CO₂ fixation was suggested. Addition of alkalinizing agents (NH₄Cl and KCl) to the medium prior to heat treatment of chloroplasts did not prevent inhibition. Also, addition of these agents to heated chloroplasts did not reverse or alleviate inhibition, suggesting stromal acidification is not involved. Consequently, direct measurement of stromal pH was attempted. Heat treatment did not lower the stromal pH either at pH 8.1 or at pH 6.0. Rather, it slightly raised the stromal pH. Thus, stromal acidification as an intermediate step for the heat induced inhibition of CO₂ fixation in isolated chloroplasts can be excluded. Reconstituted chloroplasts revealed thylakoidal damage after heat treatment at pH 6.0, which did not occur at pH 8.1. It seems that this additional damage in thylakoids is the cause for the higher degree of inhibition at pH 6.0.

Development of China`s Biomedical Industry and Future Prospects

Sung-Bum Hong 과학기술정책연구원 2011 STI Policy Review Vol.2 No.3

0.7 inch FED Panel system build - up by using proper sealing process

Sang Jik Kwon,Kun Jo Hong,Tae Hee Cho,Jong Duk Lee,Chang Woo Oh,Yong Bum Kwon 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1999 Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology Vol.3 No.1

FED panel was successfully fabricated through the integration of a 0.7″ diagonal Si-based Mo-tip FEA with 25×25 pixels, Y₂O₃:Eu or ZnO:Zn phosphor screen, and vacuum sealing through an exhausting glass tube, including a getter. The panel system was driven by an external driver circuit having pulse width modulation(PWM) driving scheme. Before character imaging, it was stabilized through tip aging by slowly increasing a pulse-mode emission current and phosphor aging by a coulombic charging process. After aging, luminescent characteristics such as emission uniformity, charging and arcing phenomena were shown to be improved significantly.

Effects of Dexamethasone and DHEA on the Changes of Glutamate and Polyamine Uptake in Rat Astrocytes by Lipopolysaccharide and Antimycin A

Sang-Hyun Choi,Bum Lee,Kyung-Ho Shin,Bon-Hong Min,Yeon-Sook Chun,Boe- Gwun Chun 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1999 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.3 No.2

<P> Interactions among dexamethasone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and antimycin A on the glutamate uptake and the polyamine uptake were investigated in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical astrocytes to examine the effects of dexamethasone and DHEA on the regulatory role of astrocytes in conditions of increased extracellular concentrations of glutamate or polyamines. 1. [<SUP>3</SUP>H]Glutamate uptake: LPS and antimycin A decreased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>, but both drugs had little effect on <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>. Dexamethasone also decreased basal <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> without any significant effect on <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>. And dexamethasone further decreased the antimycin A-induced decrease of <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>. DHEA did not affect the kinetics of basal glutamate uptake and the change by LPS or antimycin A. 2. [<SUP>14</SUP>C]Putrescine uptake: LPS increased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>, and antimycin A decreased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>. They showed little effect on <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>. Dexamethasone decreased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> of basal uptake and further decreased the antimycin A-induced decrease of <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>, and also decreased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> to less than control in LPS-treated astrocytes. DHEA did not affect <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> and the change of <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> by LPS or antimycin A. 3. [<SUP>14</SUP>C]Spermine uptake: Antimycin A decreased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>, and LPS might increase <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>. <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> was little affected by the drugs. Dexamethasone decreased basal <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> and might further decrease the antimycin A-induced decrease of <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>. And dexamethasone also decreased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> to less than control in LPS-treated astrocytes. DHEA might increase basal <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> and <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> of LPS-treated astrocytes. 4. <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> of glutamate uptake by astrocytes was increased by putrescine (1000 μM & 2000 μM) and spermidine (200 μM, 500 μM & 2000 μM). Spermine, 200 μM (and 100 μM), also increased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>, but a higher dose of 2000 μM decreased <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB>. <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> of glutamate uptake was not significantly changed by these polyamines, except that higher doses of spermine showed tendency to decrease <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> of glutamate uptake. In astrocytes, dexamethasone inhibited the glutamate uptake and the polyamine uptake in normal or hypoxic conditions, and the polyamine uptake might be stimulated by LPS and DHEA. Polyamines could aid astrocytes to uptake glutamate.

The Movements of Vocal Folds during Voice Onset Time of Korean Stops

Hong, Ki Hwan,Kim, Hyun Ki,Yang, Yoon Soo,Kim, Bum Kyu,Lee, Sang Heon 한국음성과학회 2002 음성과학 Vol.9 No.1

Voice onset time (VOT) is defined as the time interval from the oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristic of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. There have been many reports on efforts to clarify the acoustical and physiological properties that differentiate the three types of Korean stops, including acoustic, fiberscopic, aerodynamic and electromyographic studies. In the acoustic and fiberscopic studies for stop consonants, the voice onset time and glottal width during the production of stops has been known as the longest and largest in the heavily aspirated type followed by the slightly aspirated type and unaspirated types. The thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles were physiologically inter-correlated for differentiation these types of stops. However, a review of the English literature shows that the fine movement of the mucosal edges of the vocal folds during the production of stops has not been well documented. In recent years, a new method for high-speed recording of laryngeal dynamics by use of a digital recording system allows us to observe with fine time resolution. The movements of the vocal fold edges were documented during the period of stop production using a fiberscopic system of high speed digital images. By observing the glottal width and the visual vibratory movements of the vocal folds before voice onset, the heavily aspirated stop was characterized as being more prominent and dynamic than the slightly aspirated and unaspirated stops.

About fully polynomial approximability of the generalized knapsack problem

Hong, Sung-Pil,Park, Bum Hwan 한국경영과학회 2003 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.2

The generalized knapsack problem, or gknap is the combinatorial optimization problem of optimizing a nonnegative linear functional over the integral hull of the intersection of a polynomially separable 0 - 1 polytope and a knapsack constraint. Among many potential applications, the knapsack the restricted shortest path, and the restricted spanning tree problem are such examples. We establish some necessary and sufficient conditions for a gknap to admit a fully polynomial approximation scheme, or FPTAS. To do so, we recapture the scaling and approximate binary search techniques in the framework of gknap. This also enables us to find a condition that a gknap does not have an FPTAS. This condition is more general than the strong NP-hardness.

of Catalyst Promotion on the Selective Hydrogenation of Biphenol Using Various Pd/C Catalysts

Hong-Baek Cho,Yeung-Ho Park,Bum-Eui Hong,Jai-Hyun Park,Sung-Hyun Ahn 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.12

The effect of sodium (Na) promotion was studied in the biphenol (BP) hydrogenation using various Pd/C catalysts. Different amounts of sodium metal were used for promotion with Pd/C and their effects on BP hydrogenation were observed. The promotion order was changed to compare the effect of the position of the promoter in relation to the palladium (Pd) metal on the catalytic activity and yield of the final product, bicyclohexyl-4,4'-diol (BHD). Pd/C catalysts prepared from different methods were also sodium-promoted and the changes of the reaction pathway according to the type of promoted Pd/C catalyst were compared.