Design, development, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of multicomponent tablet formulation for enteral delivery of atorvastatin calcium and felodipine

Namdeo R. Jadhav,Ramesh S. Kambar,Sameer J. Nadaf,Prashant D. Phadatare 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.2

Frequent occurrence, higher morbidity andmortality rate of atherosclerosis associated hypertension inelderly people shambles health care system worldwide. Sothe present study was deliberated to formulate and appraiserational combination, containing immediate release portionof atorvastatin calcium (ATR) and sustained release (SR)portion of felodipine (FEL) in bilayered multicomponenttablet formulation for elderly people. A 32 factorial designwas used to prepare atorvastatin calcium and felodipinetablets separately. For each drug total nine batches (A1–A9 for ATR; F1–F9 for FEL) were prepared. The amount ofsodium starch glycollate (X1) and lactose (X2) were used asindependent variables for atorvastatin calcium andhydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 50 cps (X1) and talc (X2) forfelodipine tablets. Talc being hydrophobic diluents has beentried as release retardant. On the basis of flowability, compressibility,compactibility, tensile strength and drug release,the both layers of formulation were optimized, and subsequently,bilayered multicomponent tablet formulation wasprepared and evaluated. The optimized tablet formulationsof atorvastatin calcium (Batch A3) released 76 % of drugafter 30 min, while (Batch F8) of felodipine showed drugrelease up to 79 % after 10 h and followed peppas releasepattern (r² = 0.9862). The similar release pattern wasnoticed in the bilayered tablet formulation of atorvastatincalcium and felodipine meeting the USP requirements. Hence, it can be concluded that, the aforesaid bilayeredformulation can meet the needs of those elderly people, whosuffer from mild hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

Effects of Enzyme Addition to Broiler Diets Containing Varying Levels of Double Zero Rapeseed Meal

Ramesh, K.R.,Devegowda, G.,Khosravinia, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.9

Maize-soybean meal diets with 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg double zero rapeseed meal ('00' RSM) with and without an enzyme mixture (xylanase, pectinase, cellulase) at a level of 1.6 g/kg were evaluated with 624 day-old broiler chicks for 5 weeks. The birds were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with three replicates of 26 birds each. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly and ileal viscosity, organ weights, serum enzyme activity, hormonal profile and hematological parameters were measured at the end of week 5. Average daily gain during the weekly periods was significantly influenced by the dietary level of '00'RSM (p<0.01). Inclusion of '00' RSM improved the ADG up to day 28 with the increased level; beyond that time no improvement was recorded when compared to control groups. However, ADG from 1-35 days was significantly different between 300 g/kg inclusion level of '00' RSM and the control diet. Inconsistent decline in feed intake and feed conversion ratio was observed up to day 21 and the trend was reversed thereafter. The proportion of '00' RSM in the diet had a significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) influence on thyroid weight but had no effect on the relative weights of liver and heart, serum enzyme activities (${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase, alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase), thyroid hormones ($T_3$ and $T_4$), hemoglobin level and hematocrit. Significant improvement in ADG was recorded during the 2nd week of age with the addition of enzyme, whereas for all other periods, including the whole period of the trial, higher but non-significant ADG was observed. FI and FCR were not affected by the addition of enzyme but there was a numerical reduction in FCR during the whole period. The addition of enzyme reduced the ileal viscosity at all levels of '00' RSM inclusion. The results suggest that '00' RSM can be included up to 300 g/kg in broiler diets without any adverse effects on health and performance. The addition of commercial enzyme mixture containing xylanase, pectinase, cellulase to broiler diets containing '00'RSM has some effect on growth rate and feed conversion efficiency.

Optimization of Zn₂SnO₄ thin film by post oxidation of thermally evaporated alternate Sn and Zn metallic multi-layers

R., Ramarajan,M., Kovendhan,Phan, Duy-Thach,K., Thangaraju,R., Ramesh Babu,Jeon, Ki-Joon,D., Paul Joseph Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.449 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An attempt to optimize Zn<SUB>2</SUB>SnO<SUB>4</SUB> (ZTO) thin film has been done by alternate thermal evaporation of ‘Sn’ and ‘Zn’ in the sequence Sn10/Zn15/Sn15/Zn15/Sn5 onto corning glass substrates and subsequent post oxidation process. The XRD patterns of as-deposited metallic thin films changed over from metallic to oxidized ZTO phase with cubic spinel structure along with ZnO phase. The film thickness and roughness increased apparently due to diffusion of oxygen into the metallic inter-layers. The binding energies estimated from the XPS data also indicated oxidation of the metallic multi-layers. Post-annealing of the film developed transparency in visible region to around 40%. The direct band gap of ZTO and ZnO were estimated to be 3.46 eV and 3.10 eV respectively. The annealed ZTO thin film was measured for electrical transport parameters by Hall Effect measurement. Raman spectrum observed at 668 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> is due to stretching vibration of short metal-oxide bonds in the MO<SUB>6</SUB> octahedron. The photoluminescence spectrum showed blue emission centered around 436 nm predominantly due to oxygen vacancies in addition to weak orange emission centered at 625 nm. Gas sensor using thin films of as-deposited and ZTO formed by post-annealing process showed significant sensing response for NO<SUB>2</SUB> gas. These results reveal that the ZTO thin film deposited by alternate thermal evaporation and subsequent post oxidation is worth exploring as transparent conducting electrode and also as a gas sensing material.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Metallic Sn and Zn were deposited by a newer alternate evaporation in Sn10/Zn15/Sn15/Zn15/Sn5 sequence. </LI> <LI> Upon annealing, metallic multi-layers gets intermixed and oxidized leading to Zn<SUB>2</SUB>SnO<SUB>4</SUB> phase. </LI> <LI> Transparency in visible region was around 40% with 3.46 eV direct band gap value. </LI> <LI> The PL emission has a broad asymmetric peak in blue region due to free-to-bound recombination. </LI> <LI> The annealed film has a response/recovery time of 51/107 s for 50 ppm of NO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (PESTLE) approach for assessment of coastal zone management practice in India

R. Sridhar,V. Sachithanandam,T. Mageswaran,R. Purvaja,R. Ramesh,A. Senthil Vel,E. Thirunavukkarasu 한국행정학회 2016 International Review of Public Administration Vol.21 No.3

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of coastal zone management practice through a political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach and by reviewing relevant literature. Various geo-morphological features and coastal resources of India and major threats on coastal areas were highlighted. The article also highlights the transition of coastal zone management policies of India and their impacts on the coastal areas and ecosystems. Attempting to cite examples for the eff orts taken for environmental protection from historical past to the recent developing era, the article also describes the present framework and addresses the strengths and challenges and concludes with some suggestions for an eff ective coastal zone management in India.

Magnetoelectric complex-oxide heterostructures

Ramesh, R.,Zavaliche, F.,Chu, Y. H.,Martin, L. W.,Yang, S. Y.,Cruz, M. P.,Barry, M.,Lee, K.,Yang, P.,Zhan, Q. Taylor and Francis 2007 Philosophical magazine letters Vol.87 No.3

<P> A short review of recent progress in the field of multiferroic thin films and heterostructures is given. We focus on the bismuth iron oxide system due to its desirable properties, namely high ferroelectric Curie temperature and antiferromagnetic Neel temperature. Epitaxial growth of this model system in various crystallographic orientations has conclusively demonstrated the large ferroelectric polarization in this system. Piezoforce microscopy reveal a complex domain structure, especially on (100) SrTiO3 substrates. Electrical switching experiments show the co-existence of 71°, 109° and 180° domain switching mechanisms in such films. Preliminary work has shown promise for electrically controllable exchange bias in ferromagnet-multiferroic heterostructures.</P>

Peer-to-peer trust management in intelligent transportation system: An Aumann’s agreement theorem based approach

Ramesh T.R.,Vijayaragavan M.,Poongodi M.,Mounir Hamdi,Huihui Wang,Sami Bourouis 한국통신학회 2022 ICT Express Vol.8 No.3

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs) has gained wide popularity such that it is necessary to incorporate trust among each node in the network. However, trust management among vehicles is a challenging task as malicious nodes are prone to disturb data transmission among different vehicles. The aim of this work is to establish the truth of consensus, to identify the malicious nodes with no further delay, by considering the decision of each vehicle on finding the trust values. The experimental analysis for the proposed approach done using the NS3 with CAIDA data set, the proposed scheme shows superior results compared to the other existing schemes for the detection rate of malicious nodes. It enhances the attack Detection Rate (DR) as 96.5% for the projected dual weighted trust evaluation technique. But, DR for the triumphing technique firecol is 74.9% and AODV is 60%. Thus, it is experimentally proved that dual weighted trust mechanism has high attack detection rate, comparatively. Also, proposed method outperforms very well with respect to the data transmission parameters like packet delivery ratio, energy Consumption and average latency comparatively over the existing mechanisms.

Design and Analysis of SEPIC Converter Based MPPT for Solar PV Module with CPWM

J. R. Maglin,R. Ramesh,Vaigundamoorthi. M 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.4

The main objective of this paper is to design DC-DC MPPT circuit using chaotic pulse width modulation to track maximum power from solar PV module for space application. The direct control method of tracking is used to extract maximum power. The nominal duty cycle of the main switch of DC-DC SEPIC converter is adjusted so that the solar panel output impedance is equal to the input resistance of the SEPIC converter which results better spectral performance in the tracked voltages when compared to conventional PWM control. The conversion efficiency of the proposed MPPT system is increased when CPWM is used as a control scheme

Synthesis of a homochiral carboxylate-containing tetradentate ligand and its Co(III) complex

Lee, S.J.,Sung, H.R.,Son, J.H.,Ramesh, R.,Ahn, K.H. Elsevier 2006 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS Vol.9 No.5

A novel homochiral N<SUB>3</SUB>O-type chelate was efficiently synthesized based on (1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane, which involved highly selective N-alkylation. The corresponding cobalt(III) complex has been synthesized and its cis-β-Δ-syn isomer was characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Effect of Dietary Blueberry Pomace on Selected Metabolic Factors Associated with High Fructose Feeding in Growing Sprague–Dawley Rats

Ramesh C. Khanal,Luke R. Howard,Samuel E. Wilkes,Theodore J. Rogers,Ronald L. Prior 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.9

An experiment was conducted to study the protective effect of feeding extruded and unextruded blueberry pomace (BBP) on selected metabolic parameters associated with metabolic syndrome in a model of high fructose (HF)-fed growing Sprague–Dawley rats. Treatments were as follows: (1) control (modified AIN-based diet); (2) HF diet (AIN diet with 58% fructose); (3) HF diet with 1.5% unextruded BBP; (4) HF diet with 1.5% extruded BBP; (5) HF diet with 3% unextruded BBP; and (6) HF diet with 3% extruded BBP. Compared with the control, HF feeding increased fasting plasma insulin and fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides as well as homeostatic scores of insulin resistance and β-cell function, but not weight gain, diet intake and efficiency, abdominal fat, oral glucose tolerance, and fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, cholesterol, and leptin levels. Inclusion of unextruded or extruded BBP was effective in minimizing or ameliorating the fructose-induced metabolic anomalies, except postprandial plasma triglycerides, especially at 3% of the diet. In addition, unextruded or extruded BBP at 3% of the diet was also able to reduce plasma cholesterol and abdominal fat relative to the HF control, which may impart additional health benefits. Compared with the control, inclusion of unextruded or extruded BBP at both 1.5% and 3% resulted in lower total fat weight, and animals fed a diet supplemented with 3% unextruded BBP in fasting state or 3% unextruded BBP in fed state had lower leptin levels than the control. This is the first study demonstrating the beneficial effects of feeding blueberry pomace on health.

FUZZY CONTROL OF NEGATIVE OUTPUT LUO RE-LIFT CONVERTER

R.Kayalvizh,S.P Natarajan,S. Ramesh 전력전자학회 2004 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

DC-DC converters convert power at one voltage level to power at another voltage level. They are widely used in switched mode power supplies, car auxiliary power supplies, servo motor drives and medical equipments. Because of the effect of parasitic elements, the output voltage and power transfer efficiency of all DC-DC converters are restricted. Luo converter, a new DC-DC converter which overcomes the effect of parasitic elements, is an example of a non-linear timevariant system. In positive output Luo converters, the input and output DC voltages are positive whereas the negative<br/> output Luo converters provide negative output voltage for positive input voltage. Luo converters are also classified as selflift,<br/> re-lift, triple-lift, quadruple-lift and super-lift converters<br/> depending on the magnitude of boosting of output voltage. Conventional controllers cannot generally provide good dynamic performance for power electronic systems which are generally complex. Fuzzy controller works well for these systems. Hence this paper addresses the design and MATLAB simulation of a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for a negative output Luo re-lift converter. Tests for load regulation and line regulation are carried out using the discretized state-space models of the converter. The proposed FLC maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of line and load<br/> disturbances.