Use of human patient simulator for apnea studies: a preliminary in vitro trial

Tripathy Debendra K,Dhar Mridul,Bhardwaj Bharat B,Hemanthkumar K,Talawar Praveen,Rao Shalinee 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.75 No.5

Background: Modern human patient simulators (HPSs) could be used for researching critical scenarios such as apnea oxygenation. We aimed to study the use of a high-fidelity HPS to assess prolonged apnea using various oxygenation strategies with a simple high-flow nasal cannula (15 L/min). Methods: An experimental simulation study using an HPS (CAE Healthcare™) was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board. The HPS responded according to real-time physiologically modeled responses to external gases, such as oxygen (O2). Apnea experiments were performed with different physiological settings, such as shunt fraction (5%) and O2 consumption (250, 500, and 750 ml/min). The following four apnea experiments were conducted: no oxygenation (NO), apnea oxygenation alone (AO), preoxygenation alone (PO), and para-oxygenation (PAO). The time to 92%, 75%, and 50% saturation was recorded. Alveolar and arterial gas levels were recorded till 50% saturation. Results: At 250 ml/min, PO (1121 s) and PAO (1274.5 s) had a significantly longer time to 50% saturation (400% increase) compared to NO (222.5 s) and AO (239 s). A similar trend was observed for the time to 92% and 75% saturation. At higher O2 consumption rates, a shorter time to desaturation was observed. Conclusions: Apnea trends in the HPS correlated with similar prior human experiments. AO without preoxygenation was found to provide no additional benefit. Preoxygenation with high-flow O2 via nasal cannula prolonged the time to desaturation in the PAO more than PO scenario. Therefore, HPSs can be used in future studies where patient safety is a concern.

Enhanced Antibiotic Production by Streptomyces sindenensis Using Artificial Neural Networks Coupled with Genetic Algorithm and Nelder-Mead Downhill Simplex

( Tripathi C. K. M. ),( Mahvish Khan ),( Vandana Praveen ),( Saif Khan ),( Akanksha Srivastava ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.7

Antibiotic production with Streptomyces sindenensis MTCC 8122 was optimized under submerged fermentation conditions by artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) and Nelder-Mead downhill simplex (NMDS). Feed forward back-propagation ANN was trained to establish the mathematical relationship among the medium components and length of incubation period for achieving maximum antibiotic yield. The optimization strategy involved growing the culture with varying concentrations of various medium components for different incubation periods. Under non-optimized condition, antibiotic production was found to be 95 μg/ml, which nearly doubled (176 μg/ml) with the ANN-GA optimization. ANN-NMDS optimization was found to be more efficacious, and maximum antibiotic production (197 μg/ml) was obtained by cultivating the cells with (g/l) fructose 2.7602, MgSO4 1.2369, (NH4)2PO4 0.2742, DL-threonine 3.069%, and soyabean meal 1.952%, for 9.8531 days of incubation, which was roughly 12% higher than the yield obtained by ANN coupled with GA under the same conditions.

Undescended cecum with accessory right colic artery: a rare case report

Praveen Kumar Ravi,Manisha Rajanand Gaikwad,Pravash Ranjan Mishra,Naina Santosh Wakode,Prabhas Ranjan Tripathy,E. Tripati Patro,Babita Kujur,Santosh Laxman Wakode 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.3

Midgut malrotation and incomplete rotation are common causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction. At end of 10 week of intrauterine life, cecum will be placed in subhepatic region temporarily and descends to right lower quadrant by eleventh week. Arrest of cecum in subhepatic region or undescended cecum is a rare congenital anomaly of mid gut. Usually, it remains asymptomatic and is diagnosed incidentally. If any pathology occurs in anomalous part, like appendicitis then the diagnosis and treatment will be challenging in all age groups. Variation in blood supply have also been reported with anomalies leading to iatrogenic injuries during colonoscopy and surgeries. Lack of knowledge of these rare variations may lead to delayed diagnosis of appendicitis leading to perforation and surgical emergencies. In the present case, we describe an undescended cecum and its associated variation in branching pattern of superior mesenteric artery.

Matrix Converter as UPFC for Transmission line Compensation

Anindya Dasgupta,Praveen Tripathy,Partha Sarathi Sensarma 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

Rapid developement of high power semiconductor devices with fast control features have given birth to several Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers for improving power system performances. One of the advanced FACTS Controllers is Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), which can control power flows, both real and reactive in Transmission line. This paper presents performance analysis of UPFC based on d-q axis theory. So far the standard practise of realizing the UPFC has been confined to connecting two inverters back to back with a DC link capacitor in between. This capacitor brings with it several disadvantages which affects the overall reliability of the UPFC. The Matrix Converter (MC) topology comes without any such bulky reactive element except for lighter components as filters. This paper examines the effectiveness of MC as UPFC and simulation results shows a comparable performance with the traditional back to back constructs.

A Simple Yet Robust Mechanism for the Improvement of Phase-Locked-Loop System and its Verification with Grid Side Converter Control

Mondal Prosenjit,Tripathy Praveen,Saha Ujjwal K.,Adda Ravindranath 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.5

The increasing number of nonlinear loads and the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid make the conventional SRF-PLL less accurate for estimating the phase and frequency of the grid voltage. A variety of enhanced fi ltering-based PLLs have been reported in the literature to solve this issue. However, these techniques are computationally more complex. For this reason, a method has been proposed to improve the performance of low pass fi lter (LPF)-based SRF-PLL, which is easy to implement and is computationally less expensive. In this paper, two in-loop second-order notch fi lters have been used with an LPF to nullify the eff ect of dominant lower order harmonics. The dynamic performance of the proposed technique is improved by implementing a PID type loop fi lter. The proposed scheme is compared with the other methods, like MRFPLL, conventional and LPF-based SRF-PLL. The response of the proposed PLL is found to be encouraging under diff erent grid disturbances. The effi cacy of the proposed PLL has been verifi ed by implementing the current controller to control the active and reactive grid current for the grid side converter in the hardware setup.

Unusual Uptake of Prostate Specific Tracer ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC in a Benign Thyroid Nodule

Damle, Nishikant Avinash,Tripathi, Madhavi,Chakraborty, Partha Sarathi,Sahoo, Manas Kumar,Bal, Chandrasekhar,Aggarwal, Shipra,Arora, Geetanjali,Kumar, Praveen,Kumar, Rajeev,Gupta, Ravikant The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2016 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.50 No.4

$^{68}Ga$-Prostate specific membrane antigen- N,N′-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid- positron emission tomography/computed tomography or 68 Ga- HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT, popularly known as PSMA PET/CT, is able to detect a small volume of recurrent prostate carcinoma (PC) when there is a prostate specific antigen (PSA) rise on follow-up after prostatectomy or other definitive treatment for PC. The use of PSMA PET/CT in the initial staging in PC is uncertain at this time. Clinical studies are underway to define its exact role in the management of the disease. At the same time it is important to be aware of unexpected sites of uptake of this ligand. We present here the case of a 62-year-old male patient who underwent prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma prostate. He also had a long-standing left solitary thyroid nodule (STN). Four months after surgery, he had a rising trend in serum PSA levels on three occasions, but the absolute value was less than 4 at all times. He underwent a $^{68}Ga$-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT, but it did not reveal any recurrent/metastatic site of disease. However, there was increased tracer uptake in the left STN. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed features of atypia of undetermined significance, Bethesda category III. The patient underwent a left hemithyroidectomy and the histopathology showed features of a follicular adenoma.

Herbivore-responsive cotton phenolics and their impact on insect performance and biochemistry

Garima Dixit,Ashish Praveen,Tusha Tripathi,Vikash Kumar Yadav,Praveen C. Verma 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2

Insect damage to plants can have several impacts on plant biochemical composition and such changes may influence the insect performances. Here,we examined herbivore-responsive alterations in the phenolic profile of cotton plant using three cotton genotypes, Bc-68-2, Gcot-16 and Coker-312, belonging to G. hirsutumsp. during their infestation with two biting and chewing insects viz., Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura, separately for 96 h. Both insects had similar effects on phenolic induction in cotton plants (Gossypium sp.) at 96 h post infestation (hpi) however, the phenolic accumulationwas genotype specific.Wemeasured 13 phenolic compounds, out ofwhich four phenolic acids viz., gallic acid (GA), cinnamic acid (CA), p-coumaric acid (PA) and salicylic acid (SA) displayed higher accumulation in response to insect herbivory at 96 hpi. The subsequent impact of four herbivore- responsive phenolics on insect performance was evaluated through diet incorporation assay. Insect larvae displayed significant reduction in larvalweights and substantial mortality on 10th day in case of CA and PA incorporated diets at higher concentrations. Physiological examination of treated larvae on 5th and 10th day post feeding at CA and PA containing diets revealed oxidative stress, reduced lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, altered glucose and protein level and enhanced glutathione-S-transferase enzyme activity in larvae feeding on treatment diets as compared to controls.Our results suggest that the defensive chemistry of phenolics has important effect on the insect fitness and physiology and the flavonoids such as CA and PA can be utilized in pest control programmes.

A Comparative Performance Analysis of Feature Extraction Techniques for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Diwaker,Manoj Kumar Chaudhary,Praveen Tripathi,Ashutosh Bhatt,Abhay Saxena 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.12

Obtaining thematic maps using image classification techniques from hyperspectral datasets is a very difficult image processing task. In hyperspectral image analysis dimensionality reduction is one of the challenging pre-processing tasks, which is achieved using feature extraction techniques. The beauty of these techniques is that they drastically reduces the dimensionality of image and at the same time preserves the majority of the essential information. In this paper few most frequently used dimensionality reduction methods are being investigated, which helps to get accurateness. This research work presents a relative performance investigation of few mostly frequently used feature extraction techniques like Decision Boundary Feature Extraction (DBFE), Non-Parametric Weighted Feature Extraction (NWFE), Discriminative analysis feature extraction (DAFE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The classification is carried out using two most widely used classification techniques including Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML) and neural network (NNs). The results obtained after performing experiments indicates that Decision Boundary Feature Extraction (DBFE) technique has provided the best accuracy among various investigated feature extraction techniques. The application areas of this research include areas like identification of exact location in battle field, drought affected areas, flooded areas and weather forecasting etc.

Effect of Mandibular Advancement Splint on Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Insulin Resistant Diabetes

Ashutosh Gupta,Arvind Tripathi,Praveen Rai,Piyush Sharma,Vijay Yadav,Dewanshu Kumar 대한수면연구학회 2020 Journal of sleep medicine Vol.17 No.1

Objectives: Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of upper airflow despite the effort to breathe, leading to hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The resultant apnea causes sleep fragmentation, which in turn increases sympathetic activity, decreases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis that ultimately leads to type 2 diabetes. Most studies exploring the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on insulin sensitivity have showed a positive effect. However, there is no evidence on the effect of mandibular advancement device on insulin resistance (IR). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of mandibular advancement splint (MAS) on IR in patients with OSA. Methods: The present study was conducted at Department of Prosthodontics, Dental College Azamgarh, from June 2015 to July 2017. Sixty eight dentulous patients with type 2 diabetes and mild to moderate OSA and with stable diabetic regimen were included in the study. A MAS was fabricated and fixed at 70% of the maximum mandibular protrusion recorded. Patients that were comfortable with MAS after one month were assessed for apnea-hypopnea index, mean oxygen saturation, and IR at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year after wearing MAS. Results: An improvement in insulin sensitivity was observed at 6 months for mild OSA patients (p=0.001). For moderate OSA patients, no significant improvement was observed following MAS use (p>0.05). Conclusions: The finding suggested that MAS is effective in improving IR in mild OSA patients.

Diagnosis of Bronchobiliary Fistula—Utility of 99 m Tc-Mebrofenin Scan and SPECT/CT

Nishikant Damle,Manas Sahoo,Chandrasekhar Bal,Madhavi Tripathi,Parthasarthi Chakraborty,Saurabh Arora,Sumit Malapure,Santosh Gupta,Praveen Kumar 대한핵의학회 2013 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.47 No.2