지연성 운동장애와 양성, 음성 정신분열병 환자에서의 인지기능 장애

유범희,김지혜,배주미,이강욱,우종민,김승태 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

저자들은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성, 음성 증후군에 따라 각각 특징적으로 어떤 인지기능의 장애를 보이는지 알아보며, 또 지연성 운동장애의 존재 여부가 인지기능에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 조사해보고자 지연성 운동장애 환자 31명과 대조군 32명에게 PANSS 검사를 시행하였고, 인지기능 검사로는 KWIS 검사와 Grooved Pegboard test, Trail making test A/B, Wisconsin card sorting test, Wecshler memory scale을 시행하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) KWIS 지능검사상 이해 소검사에서 양성 증후군 환자들이 음성 증후군에 비해 우수한 수행도를 보였으며 빠진 곳 찾기 소검사에서는 지연성 운동장애가 없는 집단이 있는 집단에 비해 우수한 수행도를 보였다. 2) Trail making test A형에서 양성 정신분열병 환자 집단이 음성 정신분열병 환자 집단에 비해 전반적으로 빠르고 효율적인 수행을 보였다. 3) 그밖의 다른 인지기능 검사상에서는 양성, 음성 정신분열병과 지연성 운동장애 유무에 따른 검사 결과의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 음성 증후군 환자들의 경우 양성 증후군에 환자들에 비해 실행 기능과 같은 전두엽 기능의 장애와 기억 능력의 저하가 좀더 분명하게 나타나 음성 증상과 인지기능 장애 사이에 통계적으로 의미있는 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 지연성 운동장애의 경우는 음성 증후군과 함께 나타날 때만 현실 검증력, 주의력의 저하가 두드러져서 지연성 운동장애 자체만으로 인지기능의 장애가 유발된다고 보기는 어려웠다. Objective : The goal of this study was to examine cognitive dysfunctions in positive and negative schizophrenic patients and investigate the effect of tardive dyskinesia on cognitive dysfunctions in them. Methods : Thirty two schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia and thirty two schizophrenic patients without tardive dyskinesia as a control group were selected from psychiatric inpatients at a lunatic asylum and the cognitive dysfunctions of these patients were assessed with some neuropsychological tests including KWIS test, Grooved Pegboard test, Trail making test A and B, Wisconsin card sorting test, and Wechsler memory scale test. From these patients, we classified eighteen schizophrenic patients as a positive syndrome group and twenty five patients as a negative syndrome group with positive and negative syndrome scale and compared the results of neuropsychological tests between these two groups. Results : Patients without tardive dyskinesia showed better performances than those with tardive dyskinesia on picture completion subtest of KWIS. Positive schizophrenic patients showed better performances than negative schizophrenic patients on comprehension subtest of KWIS and trail making test A. Conclusion : Negative schizophrenic patients showed frontal lobe dysfunction and more memory impairment than positive schizophrenic patients. In conclusion, negative syndrome of schizophrenia is significantly associated with cognitive dysfunctions although tardive dyskinesia is not.

Ownership Structure of Northeast Asian Countries

Seung Rok Park,Peter Drysdale,Shin Il Kang,In kie Hong 한국경제연구원 2004 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2004-02 No.-

1 In the first paper “Determinants of Corporate Ownership Structure and their effects on Corporate Governance in South Korea” by Shin-Il Kang, Korea’s unique characteristics, specifically the ownership structure and corporate governance are examined. The author takes a broad perspective by incorporating corporate culture, business leadership, and ownership structure in Korean corporation. Furthermore, he discusses the substitutability of Korean specific features given the rapidly changing economic environment. Under the Korea’s Chaebol structure, controlling shareholders, who are the real owner of firms, have exercised ownership rights while having a large proportion of shares aided by cross shareholdings. This has been possible through the pyramid ownership control structure as well as cross-shareholding among subsidiaries. Market circumstances related to management costs are not favorable to the firm with a dispersed ownership structure. In Korea, that’s the reason why ownership is concentrated. Given such a structure, the owners minimize costs related to management’s risks. Furthermore it proposes that leadership(firm culture) and ownership are substitutes. Concentrated ownership is needed when the leadership is not mature like Korean Chaebol. 2 The second paper “Issues in Japanese Corporate Governance” by Peter Drysdale examines some of the major issues of Japanese corporate governance today. The role of that main bank in corporate governance and inter corporate shareholding has been well documented. Although Japanese banks have rigorously monitored firms and have had an enormous influence on firms’ decisions and strategies through the owning of shares, firm performance under such a main bank system has not always been positive. Opposing views and their rationale regarding the pessimism behind the performance of firms in the main bank system are also explained in this paper. 3 The paper “Corporate Governance in China” by In Kie Hong discusses the current status and the restructuring efforts of China’s corporate governance. In China, state shareholders possess strong control rights over listed companies allowing them to exercise control even beyond their proportion of shareholding. Various governmental organizations(under the Communist Party) acting as representatives of the state as shareholders have influenced firms enormously, particularly regarding matters of organizing the board of directors as well as electing management. However since they have little incentives to manage state(national) assets and have insufficient capacity to monitor a large number of firms of which they are in charge, the principal-agent problem tends to prevail, which adds to the difficulties in preserving the value of state assets as well. 4 The last paper “Ownership Concentration and Corporate Performances in the Northeast Asian Countries” by Seung-Rok Park compares the relationship between corporate governance structure and corporate performance in Korea, Japan, and China by empirically examining the accounting corporate performances and technical efficiency measures. In the case of Korea, ownership concentration was shown to have positively affected all corporate accounting performance variables such as profit margin, return on shareholders’ funds, return on total assets, and return on capital employed. Furthermore, it was also found that ownership concentration positively affected corporate performance by helping improve the technical efficiency of firms. Unlike Korea, in Japan, there was no sign of a positive effect of ownership concentration on the accounting corporate performance and technical efficiency. Moreover, in the case of China, ownership concentration positively affected profit margin and return on total assets, while no positive effects of ownership concentration were found on return on capital employed and return on shareholders’ funds. It is shown in this study that the difference in the rel

Potential impact of pore-scale incomplete mixing on biodegradation in aquifers: From batch experiment to field-scale modeling

Kang, Peter K.,Bresciani, Etienne,An, Seongnam,Lee, Seunghak Elsevier 2019 ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES Vol.123 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biogeochemical reactions take place when reactants are present at the same location and time, which occurs through pore-scale mixing. Although the degree of mixing should be variable in space and time, most conventional reactive transport models do not consider mixing-dependent reaction rates and often make predictions based on rates measured with batch experiments. We quantify the effect of pore-scale mixing on the biodegradation rate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with sediment batch experiments, and study its potential impact on the field-scale fate and transport of DOC with numerical simulations. We collected sediment samples from an aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR) field site located in Busan, South Korea, and conducted batch experiments to measure mixing-dependent biodegradation rates. Complete mixing conditions were realized by continuously shaking the batch, and diffusion-limited mixing conditions were realized by keeping the batch under static conditions. The two mixing conditions are most widely used conditions in batch experiments and they also represent the maximum and minimum degree of mixing. The different mixing conditions led to significant differences in the biodegradation rates (a factor of 4.9 on average). We then performed reactive transport modeling using the measured biodegradation rates to study the potential impact of pore-scale incomplete mixing on the field-scale DOC biodegradation. The results show that pore-scale mixing can significantly affect the effectiveness of biodegradation at the ASTR site. We generalize this finding by performing a comprehensive nondimensional sensitivity analysis of the fate and transport of DOC to pore-scale mixing conditions over a wide range of P e ´ clet and Damköhler numbers. We show that pore-scale incomplete mixing can be a major source of uncertainty in field-scale model predictions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sediment batch experiments show mixing-dependent DOC biodegradation rates. </LI> <LI> Pore-scale incomplete mixing has significant potential impact on field-scale DOC biodegradation. </LI> <LI> Pore-scale incomplete mixing can be a major source of uncertainty over a wide range of Pe and Da numbers. </LI> </UL> </P>

Jeju 4·3 Grand Tragedy Through Lens of Asian Pacific Peace Context

Peter KANG 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2019 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.9 No.2

Authentic 4.3 Jeju Tragedy Reconciliation as a symbol of Peace in Asia: A Collection of Writings

Peter U-il Kang 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2016 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.6 No.3

It was an honor to give my speech to the American public about the Jeju 4.3 Grand Tragedy as one member of the Jeju 4.3 delegation. On March 27, 2015 I supported the “Petition for a Joint South Korea and United States Jeju 4.3 Incident Task Force on Social Healing through Justice.” On August 15, 2016, I was happy to write the foreword “Jeju 4.3 Grand Tragedy becomes Human Spirit in the Asia Pacific,” for the new book about Jeju 4.3 titled, “Jeju 4.3 Grand Tragedy during ‘peacetime’ Korea : The Asia Pacific Context (1947-2016). On September 8, 2016, we proceeded with “Authentic 4.3 Jeju Tragedy Reconciliation as a symbol of Peace in Asia” at the Jeju 4.3 Tragedy Reconciliation Conference 2016 in Washington D.C.

Fibrin-Targeted and H₂O₂-Responsive Nanoparticles as a Theranostics for Thrombosed Vessels

Kang, Changsun,Gwon, Sian,Song, ChulGyu,Kang, Peter M.,Park, Seong-Cheol,Jeon, Jongho,Hwang, Do Won,Lee, Dongwon American Chemical Society 2017 ACS NANO Vol.11 No.6

<P>A thrombus (blood clot) is formed in injured vessels to maintain the integrity of vasculature. However, obstruction of blood vessels by thrombosis slows blood flow, leading to death of tissues fed by the artery and is the main culprit of various life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we report a rationally designed nano medicine that could specifically image obstructed vessels and inhibit thrombus formation. On the basis of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of thrombi such as an abundance of fibrin and an elevated level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we developed a fibrin-targeted imaging and antithrombotic nanomedicine, termed FTIAN, as a theranostic system for obstructive thrombosis. FTIAN inhibited the generation of H2O2 and suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in activated platelets, demonstrating its intrinsic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activity. In a mouse model of ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced carotid thrombosis, FTIAN specifically targeted the obstructive thrombus and significantly enhanced the fluorescence/photoacoustic signal. When loaded with the antiplatelet drug tirofiban, FTIAN remarkably suppressed thrombus formation. Given its thrombus-specific imaging along with excellent therapeutic activities, FTIAN offers tremendous translational potential as a nanotheranostic agent for obstructive thrombosis.</P>

Anomalous transport in disordered fracture networks: Spatial Markov model for dispersion with variable injection modes

Kang, Peter K.,Dentz, Marco,Le Borgne, Tanguy,Lee, Seunghak,Juanes, Ruben C.M.L. Publications 2017 ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigate tracer transport on random discrete fracture networks that are characterized by the statistics of the fracture geometry and hydraulic conductivity. While it is well known that tracer transport through fractured media can be anomalous and particle injection modes can have major impact on dispersion, the incorporation of injection modes into effective transport modeling has remained an open issue. The fundamental reason behind this challenge is that—even if the Eulerian fluid velocity is steady—the Lagrangian velocity distribution experienced by tracer particles evolves with time from its initial distribution, which is dictated by the injection mode, to a stationary velocity distribution. We quantify this evolution by a Markov model for particle velocities that are equidistantly sampled along trajectories. This stochastic approach allows for the systematic incorporation of the initial velocity distribution and quantifies the interplay between velocity distribution and spatial and temporal correlation. The proposed spatial Markov model is characterized by the initial velocity distribution, which is determined by the particle injection mode, the stationary Lagrangian velocity distribution, which is derived from the Eulerian velocity distribution, and the spatial velocity correlation length, which is related to the characteristic fracture length. This effective model leads to a time-domain random walk for the evolution of particle positions and velocities, whose joint distribution follows a Boltzmann equation. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed model can successfully predict anomalous transport through discrete fracture networks with different levels of heterogeneity and arbitrary tracer injection modes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Injection modes have major impact on anomalous transport in DFNs. </LI> <LI> Evolution of the Lagrangian velocity distribution is governed by injection modes. </LI> <LI> Spatial velocity Markov model for variable injection modes. </LI> <LI> Equivalence between spatial Markov model and Boltzmann equation. </LI> </UL> </P>

적정기술과 모바일 어플리케이션 연동을 통한 국제개발 제안 및 현지적용 사례

강경철(Peter K. Kang),송주현(Juhyun Song),홍성욱(Seong Uk Hong) 국제개발협력학회 2011 국제개발협력연구 Vol.4 No.1

According to the World Health Organization, approximately 20% of the world population does not have access to safe drinking water and 40% lack basic sanitation facilities. The key to solving these water and sanitation problems in developing communities is to find a method that leads to sustainable funding as well as supports communities with demand-driven approach. We are thus proposing Project AQUA, a model that meets the requirements to achieve sustainable development in these communities. Through Project AQUA, our team will provide the following two(complementary) services: we will (i) develop an innovative (reality- based) mobile application to be played by smart phone and online (Facebook) users in developed countries allowing for on-going, sustainable funding, and (ii) transfer appropriate technology to African communities to assist them in achieving specifically-tailored, sustainable solutions to their water and sanitation problems. 세계보건기구 (WHO)에 따르면 지구 전체 인구의 약 20%가 오염된 물로 인하여 위협받고 있으며 약 40%가 화장실 등 기본적 위생시설이 없이 살아간다고 한다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위해서 그동안 여러 노력들이 있어왔고, 일부 성과들도 있었지만 지속 가능한 개발 및 문제 해결을 보여준 사례는 많지 않으며, 여전히 개발도상국의 수 많은 사람들이 식수 및 위생 문제로 생명의 위협을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국제개발협력 분야에서 최근 주목을 받고 있는 ‘적정기술’ 중 하나인 바이오샌드필터를 탄자니아의 한마을에 보급하고 마을 주민들이 스스로 관리하도록 함으로써 지속적인 운영 시스템을 구축하는 아쿠아 프로젝트에 대해서 소개하였다. 또한 아쿠아 프로젝트에서는 모바일 기반의 앱을 개발하고 이를 상용화함으로써 프로젝트의 재정적인 지속성을 추구하고 있으며, 이에 대해서도 설명하였다.

중국의 도서 변방 : 중국 본토 출신 국가주의자의 타이완 관련 담론에 나타난 지리적 인식

피터강(Peter Kang) 제주학회 2017 제주학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.2

[엔지니어링 리포트] 더 넥센 유니버시티 건립공사

강병일(Kang, Peter),김찬일(Kim, Chan-Il),진수명(Jin, Soo-Myeong) 대한건축학회 2021 建築 Vol.65 No.7