Prickly Palm Cactus Husk as a Raw Material for Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes by Aspergillus niger

Tamires Carvalho dos Santos,Nadabe dos Santos Reis,Tatielle Pereira Silva,Fabiano de Paula Pereira Machado,Renata Cristina Ferereira Bonomo,Marcelo Franco 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

Prickly palm cactus husk was used as a solid-state fermentation support-substrate for production of the ligninolytic enzymes laccase, peroxide manganese, and lignin peroxidase by Aspergillus niger. Effects of water activity, temperature, and fermentation time on enzymatic production were evaluated using a central composite rotatable design. Response surface methodology revealed that maximum enzyme production was achieved at 73.38 h of fermentation, a water activity of 0.87 Aw, at 28.74oC for laccase, at 65.33 h, 0.89 Aw, and 28.96oC for lignin peroxidase, and at 70.44 h, 0.91 Aw, and 28.84oC for manganese peroxidase. Optimized enzyme production was 9,023.67 UI/L for laccase, 2,234.75 UI/L for lignin peroxidase, and 8,534.81 UI/L for manganese peroxidase. Thermostability and pH stability were observed for all enzymes. Enzymatic deactivation kinetic experiments indicated that enzymes remained active after freezing of crude extracts.

Effects of dietary L-glutamine and glutamic acid combination, and whey powder on the performance and nutrient digestion in weaned piglets fed grain-based diets

Almeida Jonathan Mádson dos Santos,Pascoal Leonardo Augusto Fonseca,de Almeida Jorge Luiz Santos,Guerra Ricardo Romão,da Silva José Humberto Vilar,da Silva David Rwbystanne Pereira,Silva Neto Manoel R 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.12

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of including L-glutamine along with glutamic acid as a supplement in weaned piglets’ diets with and without whey powder. Methods: Two assays were carried out. A total of 40 piglets ([Landrace×Large White]× Pietrain) weaned at 24 days of age with an initial body weight of 6.6±0.6 kg were used in the first assay, and the following parameters were evaluated: growth performance, the incidence of diarrhea, morphometry, intestinal integrity, and hepatic glycogen index. The animals were then blocked into four groups according to different diets: diet all-grain feeding (G); diet all-grain feeding with whey powder (GW); and with vs without 1% supplementation of the commercial product containing L-glutamine and glutamic acid (A or NA). Whey powder was added according to the stage of life, corresponding to 17%, 10%, and 5%, respectively, in order to meet the need for lactose. The animals were evaluated at 24 to 42 days and at 24 to 55 days of age. The nutrient digestibility for the second assay was carried out by using 24 animals with an average weight of 11.49±1.6 kg, and the same diets were tested. Results: The supplementation of L-glutamine + glutamic acid or the addition of whey powder in diets for weaned piglets provided (p<0.05) greater feed intake, greater weight gain and improved feed conversion in the initial period (24 to 42 days age). However, in the whole period (24 to 55 days age) only amino acid supplementation affected (p<0.05) growth performance. There was a positive interaction (p<0.05) between the type of diet and L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation on villus height, crypt depth and the villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum. In addition, L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the crypt depth and improved the villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. The inclusion of whey powder affected (p<0.05) positively the digestibility coefficients analyzed except mineral matter digestibility coeficients. The supplementation of 1% the commercial product composed of L-glutamine and glutamic acid improved (p<0.05) only the digestibility coefficient of crude protein. Conclusion: These results indicate that supplementation of 1% commercial product containing L-glutamine + glutamic acid in diets for piglets from 24 to 55 days of age, dispenses with the use of whey powder when evaluating growth performance. Amino acid supplementation alone or associated with whey powder affects (p<0.05) positively the indicators of the intestinal integrity. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of including L-glutamine along with glutamic acid as a supplement in weaned piglets’ diets with and without whey powder.Methods: Two assays were carried out. A total of 40 piglets ([Landrace×Large White]× Pietrain) weaned at 24 days of age with an initial body weight of 6.6±0.6 kg were used in the first assay, and the following parameters were evaluated: growth performance, the incidence of diarrhea, morphometry, intestinal integrity, and hepatic glycogen index. The animals were then blocked into four groups according to different diets: diet all-grain feeding (G); diet all-grain feeding with whey powder (GW); and with vs without 1% supplementation of the commercial product containing L-glutamine and glutamic acid (A or NA). Whey powder was added according to the stage of life, corresponding to 17%, 10%, and 5%, respectively, in order to meet the need for lactose. The animals were evaluated at 24 to 42 days and at 24 to 55 days of age. The nutrient digestibility for the second assay was carried out by using 24 animals with an average weight of 11.49±1.6 kg, and the same diets were tested.Results: The supplementation of L-glutamine + glutamic acid or the addition of whey powder in diets for weaned piglets provided (p<0.05) greater feed intake, greater weight gain and improved feed conversion in the initial period (24 to 42 days age). However, in the whole period (24 to 55 days age) only amino acid supplementation affected (p<0.05) growth performance. There was a positive interaction (p<0.05) between the type of diet and L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation on villus height, crypt depth and the villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum. In addition, L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the crypt depth and improved the villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. The inclusion of whey powder affected (p<0.05) positively the digestibility coefficients analyzed except mineral matter digestibility coeficients. The supplementation of 1% the commercial product composed of L-glutamine and glutamic acid improved (p<0.05) only the digestibility coefficient of crude protein.Conclusion: These results indicate that supplementation of 1% commercial product containing L-glutamine + glutamic acid in diets for piglets from 24 to 55 days of age, dispenses with the use of whey powder when evaluating growth performance. Amino acid supplementation alone or associated with whey powder affects (p<0.05) positively the indicators of the intestinal integrity.

Evaluation of bone substitutes for treatment of peri-implant bone defects: biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses in the rabbit tibia

dos Santos, Pamela Leticia,de Molon, Rafael Scaf,Queiroz, Thallita Pereira,Okamoto, Roberta,de Souza Faloni, Ana Paula,Gulinelli, Jessica Lemos,Luvizuto, Eloa Rodrigues,Garcia, Idelmo Rangel Junior Korean Academy of Periodontology 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in circumferential periimplant defects created in the rabbit tibia. Methods: Thirty rabbits received 45 implants in their left and right tibia. A circumferential bone defect (6.1 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) was created in each rabbit tibia using a trephine bur. A dental implant ($4.1mm{\times}8.5mm$) was installed after the creation of the defect, providing a 2-mm gap. The bone defect gaps between the implant and the bone were randomly filled according to the following groups: blood clot (CO), particulate Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$ (BI), and Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$ Collagen (BC). Ten animals were euthanized after periods of 15, 30, and 60 days. Biomechanical analysis by means of the removal torque of the implants, as well as histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for protein expression of osteocalcin (OC), Runx2, OPG, RANKL, and TRAP were evaluated. Results: For biomechanics, BC showed a better biological response ($61.00{\pm}15.28Ncm$) than CO ($31.60{\pm}14.38Ncm$) at 30 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly different OC expression in CO and BC at 15 days, and also between the CO and BI groups, and between the CO and BC groups at 60 days. After 15 days, Runx2 expression was significantly different in the BI group compared to the CO and BC groups. RANKL expression was significantly different in the BI and CO groups and between the BI and BC groups at 15 days, and also between the BI and CO groups at 60 days. OPG expression was significantly higher at 60 days postoperatively in the BI group than the CO group. Conclusions: Collectively, our data indicate that, compared to CO and BI, BC offered better bone healing, which was characterized by greater RUNX2, OC, and OPG immunolabeling, and required greater reversal torque for implant removal. Indeed, along with BI, BC presents promising biomechanical and biological properties supporting its possible use in osteoconductive grafts for filling peri-implant gaps.

Efficient ex vitro rooting, acclimatization, and cultivation of  Curcuma longa L. from mycorrhizal fungi

Meire Pereira de Souza Ferrari,Rayane Monique Sete da Cruz,Mayara dos Santos Queiroz,Matheus Marquezine de Andrade,Odair Alberton,Hélida Mara Magalhães 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.5

Acclimatization is the most delicate stage of micropropagation, which makes it challenging to obtain new seedlings. The use of suitable substrates associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) has been promising during this stage. The goal of this study was to investigate the infl uence of diff erent AMFs and substrates on the acclimatization of Curcuma longa L. The C. longa seedlings were obtained from in vitro cultivation with a specifi c medium for 120 days. After this period, they were transplanted into plastic pots containing two substrate formulations. The fi rst compound was soil and vermiculite (1:1 v/v), and the second was a commercial substrate for vegetables, containing vermicompost and vermiculite (1:1:1 v/v). The fungi used in the study were Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and a mixture of the two fungi. A treatment with no fungi was used as the control. After 240 days, the growth and structural characteristics of the plant were measured, as well as nutrients and soil–quality parameters. The use of a substrate rich in organic matter (substrate 2) associated with R. clarus and C. etunicatum promoted 100% survival of C. longa plants. In this condition, the plants were more vigorous. The root system increased in size and biomass, being robust with the presence of many roots. The soil indicators revealed that the fungi helped with the lower activity of the metabolic quotient and increased basal respiration, indicators that demonstrated the benefi cial action of the fungi for the plants. In addition, changes in stomatal conformation and density probably allowed greater CO 2 diff usion.

Beginning to Understand the Role of Sugar Carriers in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum: the Function of the Gene mfs1

Monalessa Fábia Pereira,Carolina Maria de Araújo dos Santos,Elza Fernandes de Araújo,Marisa Vieira de Queiroz,Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.1

Fungi of the Colletotrichum genus are among the most prominent phytopathogens that cause diseases with a considerable economic impact, such as anthracnose. The hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (teleomorph Glomerella cingulata f. sp. phaseoli) is the causal agent of the anthracnose of the common bean; and similarly to other phytopathogens, it uses multiple strategies to gain access to different carbon sources from its host. In this study, we examine mfs1, a newly identified C. lindemuthianum hexose transporter. The mfs1 gene is expressed only during the necrotrophic phase of the fungus’ interaction within the plant and allows it to utilize the available sugars during this phase. The deletion of mfs1 gene resulted in differential growth of the fungus in a medium that contained glucose, mannose or fructose as the only carbon source. This study is the first to describe a hexose transporter in the hemibiotrophic pathogen C. lindemuthianum and to demonstrate the central role of this protein in capturing carbon sources during the necrotrophic development of the plant/pathogen interaction.

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Producing Cellulolytic Enzymes by Solid-state Fermentation from the Puple Mombin (Spondias purpurea L.) Residue

Tamires Carvalho dos Santos,George Abreu Filho,Ana Carolina Oliveira,Thiago José Onório Rocha,Fabiano de Paula Pereira Machado,Renata Cristina Ferreira Bonomo,Katia Iro Altides Mota,Marcelo Franco 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

This study aimed at demonstrating the effects of fermentation time (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h) and water activity (0.943, 0.970, and 0.985) on the production of cellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation of purple mombin (Spondias purpurea L.) residue using Aspergillus niger. The fermentation was carried out at 35oC and the enzyme production was measured as endoglucanase and total cellulose activities. The optimum condition for endoglucanase was water activity 0.974 and 93.8 h of fermentation, reaching a production of 3.21 U/g of residue;whereas for total cellulase it was 0.958 and 79.4 h achieving 12.1 U/g of residue. Fermentation time had a greater effect on the endoglucanase activity, while water activity had a more significant influence on the total cellulase activity. Endoglucanase had optimum activity at temperature of 50oC and pH 5.0. Although cellulase total optimum activity was also at pH 5.0, the maximum activity was at 60oC.

Natural Products from Garcinia brasiliensis as Leishmania Protease Inhibitors

Ivan O. Pereira,Diego M. Assis,Maria A. Juliano,Rodrigo L.O.R. Cunha,Clara L. Barbieri,Luis V.S. do Sacramento,Marcos J. Marques,Marcelo H. dos Santos 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.6

The infections by protozoans of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The drugs of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis are the pentavalent antimonials, which cause renal and cardiac toxicity. As part of a search for new drugs against leishmaniasis, we evaluated the in vitro Leishmania protease inhibition activity of extracts (hexanic, ethyl-acetate, and ethanolic) and fukugetin, a bioflavonoid purified from the ethyl-acetate extract of the pericarp of the fruit of Garcinia brasiliensis, a tree native to Brazilian forests. The isolated compound was characterized by using spectral analyses with nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, ultraviolet, and infrared techniques. The ethyl-acetate extract and the compound fukugetin showed significant activity as inhibitors of Leishmania's proteases, with mean (±SD) IC50 (50% inhibition concentration of protease activity) values of 15.0±1.3 μg/mL and 3.2±0.5 μM/mL, respectively, characterizing a bioguided assay. In addition, this isolated compound showed no activity against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis and mammalian cells. These results suggest that fukugetin is a potent protease inhibitor of L. (L.) amazonensis and does not cause toxicity in mammalian or Leishmania cells in vitro. This study provides new perspectives on the development of novel drugs that have leishmanicidal activity obtained from natural products and that target the parasite's proteases.

Evaluation of bone substitutes for treatment of peri-implant bone defects: biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses in the rabbit tibia

Pâmela Letícia dos Santos,Rafael Scaf de Molon,Thallita Pereira Queiroz,Roberta Okamoto,Ana Paula de Souza Faloni,Jéssica Lemos Gulinelli,Eloá Rodrigues Luvizuto,Idelmo Rangel Garcia Junior 대한치주과학회 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in circumferential periimplant defects created in the rabbit tibia. Methods: Thirty rabbits received 45 implants in their left and right tibia. A circumferential bone defect (6.1 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) was created in each rabbit tibia using a trephine bur. A dental implant (4.1 mm × 8.5 mm) was installed after the creation of the defect, providing a 2-mm gap. The bone defect gaps between the implant and the bone were randomly filled according to the following groups: blood clot (CO), particulate Bio-Oss® (BI), and Bio-Oss® Collagen (BC). Ten animals were euthanized after periods of 15, 30, and 60 days. Biomechanical analysis by means of the removal torque of the implants, as well as histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for protein expression of osteocalcin (OC), Runx2, OPG, RANKL, and TRAP were evaluated. Results: For biomechanics, BC showed a better biological response (61.00±15.28 Ncm) than CO (31.60±14.38 Ncm) at 30 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly different OC expression in CO and BC at 15 days, and also between the CO and BI groups, and between the CO and BC groups at 60 days. After 15 days, Runx2 expression was significantly different in the BI group compared to the CO and BC groups. RANKL expression was significantly different in the BI and CO groups and between the BI and BC groups at 15 days, and also between the BI and CO groups at 60 days. OPG expression was significantly higher at 60 days postoperatively in the BI group than the CO group. Conclusions: Collectively, our data indicate that, compared to CO and BI, BC offered better bone healing, which was characterized by greater RUNX2, OC, and OPG immunolabeling, and required greater reversal torque for implant removal. Indeed, along with BI, BC presents promising biomechanical and biological properties supporting its possible use in osteoconductive grafts for filling peri-implant gaps.

New carbon composite adsorbents for the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions : Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies

Davis Castro dos Santos,Eder Cláudio Lima,Matthew Ayorinde Adebayo,Simone de Fátima Pinheiro Pereira,Lizie Daniela Tentler Prola,Renato Cataluña,Caroline Saucier,Caline Rodrigues Gally,Fernando Machad 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.8

New carbon composite materials were prepared by pyrolysis of mixture of coffee wastes and red mud at700 oC with the inorganic : organic ratios of 1.9 (CC-1.9) and 2.2 (CC-2.2). These adsorbents were used to removereactive orange 16 (RO-16) and reactive red 120 (RR-120) textile dyes from aqueous solution. The CC-1.9 and CC-2.2 materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves,scanning electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The kinetic of adsorption data was fitted by general order kineticmodel. A three-parameter isotherm model, Liu isotherm model, gave the best fit of the equilibrium data (298 to 323 K). The maximum amounts of dyes removed at 323 K were 144.8 (CC-1.9) and 139.5 mg g−1 (CC-2.2) for RO-16 dye and95.76 (CC-1.9) and 93.80 mg g−1 (CC-2.2) for RR-120 dye. Two simulated dyehouse effluents were used to investigatethe application of the adsorbents for effluent treatment.

Identififi cation of enzyme inhibitors and antimicrobial activities from Capsicum annuum L. protein extracts against Colletotrichum scovillei

Lídia Da Silva Pereira,Thaynã Amanda Melo Souza,Rafael Walter,Cláudia Pombo Sudré,Layrana De Azevedo Dos Santos,Gabriel Bonan Taveira,Álan Chrisley Maracahipes,Virginia Silva Carvalho,Celso Shiniti Na 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.3

Diseases caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms are diffi cult to control and can aff ect plants at diff erent stages of theirdevelopment. Several resistance genes and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been identifi ed and related to the resistanceprocess of Capsicum . In recent years, studies have shown that peppers, especially the accession UENF1381, present resistanceagainst phytopathogenic microorganisms. This work aimed identify and characterize AMPs of the leaf and root from Capsicumannuum L. UENF1381 and to analyze the inhibitory activity of the AMPs on diff erent enzyme families and valuated theinhibitory activity on Colletotrichum scovillei. Initially, self-fertilized pepper seeds were cultured for 45 days in glass fl askscontaining ½-MS medium. Then, leaves were inoculated with inoculum of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (10 8 CFU mL −1 )or water (control). Leaf and root samples were collected at 12, 24 and 48 h after inoculation to extraction. The activity ofextracts on diff erent enzyme families was analyzed by incubating the enzymes (trypsin, α-amylase and β-1,3-glucanase)with 30 μg mL −1 of the obtained extracts. The eff ect of extracts on fungi was also tested. It was identifi ed that protein of leafand root extracts from C. annuum L. UENF1381 presented a majority of bands with a low molecular mass (6–14 kDa). Weobserved that all leaf and root extracts signifi cantly inhibited trypsin and α-amylase activity and able to signifi cantly inhibitC. scovillei growth. With this work we hope to contribute to the use of peptides as potential molecules in microbial controland in the development of new Capsicum cultivars resistant to microorganisms.