Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease; subgroup analysis for causes, risk factors for mortality rate, and steroid responsiveness

( Seung Hyun Yong ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Joon Chang ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Hye Jin Jang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) has known as a poor prognosis disease, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Corticosteroid is widely used for treatment of acute exacerbation (AE)-ILD. This study aims to clarify efficacy of corticosteroid use, and compare the mortality rate depending on the subgroups of ILD. Materials and Methods: We collected the data from the patients who have diagnosed ILD and visited emergency room (ER) with the respiratory symptoms from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. We classified AE-ILD patients into 3 groups depending on methylprednisolone dose per kilogram. Also, we compared the mortality of IPF patients to that of non-IPF patients. Results: A total case of AE-ILD visited ER from 2016 to 2018 was 209 cases, including IPF cases (n=122) and non-IPF cases (n=87). We divided total patients (n=209) into three groups depending on steroid use, and these include group 1 of 0-0.49 mg/kg (n=78), group 2 of 0.5-0.99 mg/kg (n=58), and above 1.0 mg/kg (n=41), each. We found poor prognosis from the cases of IPF compared to non-IPF cases (p=0.029, OR 2.463). Furthermore, there was significant differences of mortality rate according to steroid dose (p=0.036, OR 1.712), CRP elevation (p=0.016, OR 1.004), and intubated case (p=0.000, OR 8.152). Also, we categorized IPF (n=122) to non-IPF cases (n=87) and analyzed the mortality rate. Most of the patients were death from ILD itself (n=23, 63.9%), Pneumonia(n=8, 22.2%), and Lung cancer (n=5, 13.9%). Bacterial infection (n=26) was dominant cause of AE, followed by fungal infection (n=15), and viral infection (n=10). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis of corticosteroid treatment shows more fatal outcome when we use high dose steroid in AE-ILD cases, and there was significant difference in mortality rate depending on the subgroup of ILD and medical background, such as intubation status, higher CRP level, and IPF cases.

대전 충남지역 국민학교의 학교급식 실태에 관한 조사

박영숙,이경애,김연순 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The foodservice management of school-lunch program was studied to certify the fulfillment of it's objectives. One hundred thirtheen primary schools in Taejon and Chungnam province were participated in our survey. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Average cost per meal for each student was 772 won, that was less in central kitchen system. Productivity in terms of meals per worker was also higher in centralized kitchen system. 2. The menu was mostly planned weekly and not cyclic. 3. The dietitian's work covered all 5 parts of material handling duties in conventional system which were described in the school-lunch program laws. However it was mainly concentrated on 2 parts of the food purchase order and of the inspection of delivered foods in co-management and central kitchen systems. 4. Our results indicated that nutrition education in school-lunch program especially in co-management and central kitchen systems was almost neglected. It was stressed that school-lunch program should be extended without omitting its objectives especially nutrition education, which is important for the young.

초등학교 학생들의 음악줄넘기가 신체구성과 체력요인에 미치는 영향

박경애,김성수 韓國敎員大學校 敎育硏究院 2009 敎員敎育 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 음악줄넘기 운동을 초등학교 남여 아동을 대상으로 12주간 실시하고 초등학교 아동들의 체력과 신체구성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석함으로써 초등학생들의 비만치료와 예방을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고 체력증진을 도모하는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울시내 소재 C 초등학교에 재학 중인 2~5학년 학생으로서 남 32명, 여 18명 총 50명을 대상으로 선정하였으며, 연구대상자들의 동의를 얻은 후 연구를 실시하였다. 조사도구로는 12주간의 음악줄넘기, 신체구성에 체중, 체성분(%fat)이고, 체력요소에는 팔굽혀펴기, 유연성, 평형성, 악력으로 구성되었다. 유산소운동과 스트레칭 체조 실시 전, 후 측정된 자료와 신체구성, 체력자료는 평균과 표준편차를 산출하고 SPSS 15.0 version 통계프로그램을 이용하여 전, 후 시기간의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 paired t-test를 실시하였으며, 가설의 수락기준은 a=.05 수준으로 설정하였다 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체집단에서는 신체구성에서 체중에서는 감소한 경향이 있었지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났지 않았으나, 체지방량에서는 p<.001 수준에서 통계적인 차이가 나타나 체중의 통계적 감소 없이 체지방량이 줄어든 결과를 보여주고 있었다. 둘째, 전체집단의 체력요소에서는 유연성에서 p<.05 수준에서 통계적인 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 성별에 따른 신체구성의 차이 역시 체중에서는 평균에서는 p>.05 수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 체지방량에서는 남자 집단에서 p<.001수준에 서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 성별에 따른 체력요소의 차이에서는 악력에서 여자 초등학교 학생들에게 p<.05 수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. The purpose of this study was attempted to find the effects of elementary students' physical fitness and body composition according th the music rope-jumping. Children were divided into two group(male and female). In the physical fitness aspect, The subject of this study were 50 students(man 32, woman 18)who inhabits in Seoul. The tools of this study was 12week music rope-jumping program, physical fitness test(push-ups, flexibility, balance, and grip power), and body composition(weight and %fat). The data from this study were analyzed using Frequencies, descriptives, paired t-test. Results of this study were as following. First, there was no difference of students' weight as a function of 12 week music rope-jumping at p>.05 level. But, there was a difference of students' %fat as a function of 12 week music rope-jumping at p<.001 level. Second, there is a difference of students' physical fitness(flexibiIity) as a function of 12 week music rope-jumping at p<.05 level. Third, there was no difference of students' weight as a function of sex on 12 week music rope-jumping at p>.05 level. But, there was a difference of male students' %fat as a function of sex on 12 week music rope-jumping at p<.001 level. Fourth, there is a difference of students' physical fitness(grip power) as a function of sex on 12 week music rope-jumping at p<.05 level.

動物組織中의 脂質定量에 對하여

朴愛卿 이화화학회 1968 梨花化學會誌 Vol.- No.7

쥐의 뇌, 심장, 허파 등을 試料로 取하여 Thin layer chromatography에 依하여 脂質을 定量한 結果 cholesterol는 특히 뇌신경 조직과 부신에 많이 存在하며 Total cholesterol 含量은 뇌에 17.6㎎/g로 가장 많았고 심장에 3.2㎎/g로 가장 적었다. Free cholesterol 역시 뇌에 가장 많이 있고 심장에 가장 적었다. Glyceride는 Brain에 가장 많았고 大體로 Triglyceride가 많았다. Lipid is accumlated at adipose tissue, Adipose tissue consists of more than 90% triglyceride. Lipid is main energy source in the animal body as you know. In this experiment, we used brain, heart and lug from rat as samples. We tried to investigate the constituents of neutral lipid, and phospholipids. As a resalt, we separated six different material from nuetral lipid and four from the phospholipid. They were monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride, free cholesterol esterified cholesterol fatty acids and phosphatidyl ethanol amine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, and one unknown lipid, respectively. Brain had the highest glyceride content and also highest cholesterol content which was about 4 times as high as that in the heart and lug. Phosphatidyl ethanol amine had the highest phospholipid and total cholesterol amount was the highest at the Brain.

日本 紀行歌辭의 계보와 日本觀의 변모양상

박애경 열상고전연구회 2006 열상고전연구 Vol.23 No.-

이 글의 목적은 조선 후기부터 일제 강점기에 사이에 씌여진 세 편의 일본 기행가사를 통해 일본관의 변화를 살피려는 것이다. 이를 위해 18세기 저작인 <일동장유가>, 한말 저작인 <유일록>, 일제 강점기에 나온 「東遊感興錄」을 대상으로 삼았다. 일본 기행가사에 나타난 일본관의 의미를 당대 문화적 환경과 관련하여 살피기 위해 먼저 공식적 여행의 체험을 그린 사행가사가 나오게 된 배경을 가사 장르 자체의 변화와 관련하여 살펴보았다. 또한 사행가사가 유학자이자 관료인 작가의 공적 여행의 기록인 동시에 조선 지식층의 내면의식을 보여주는 통로라는 것을 확인하였다. 3편의 일본 기행가사는 주권 왕조에서 식민지로 급전직하한 국가 운명만큼이나 달라진 대일관을 보여주고 있다. <일동장유가>가 화이관의 지속을 보여준다면, <유일록>은 화이관의 지속과 균열을 보여주는 동시에 일본에 대한 양가적 시선을 드러내고 있다. 일제 강점기 통치정책의 하나로 시행된 내지 시찰의 경험을 담은 「동유감흥록」은 말할 것도 없이, 식민지 담당자의 의도에 포섭된 자의 시선이 두드러지게 나타난다. 이렇듯 일본 기행가사에는 조선 후기 이후 달라진 대일 관계와 양국의 지위, 한학과 유학을 하던 조선의 전통적 지식층들이 시대의 변화를 바라보는 관점이 유장한 호흡 속에 나타나 있다. 따라서 일본 기행가사는 일본관 형성의 기저, 조선 지식층들의 대외 인식의 일단을 살피는 시대적 기록으로서의 가치가 크다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to inguire the change of an awareness of Japan through 3 works of Ilbon Kihaeng Kasa (Kasa which discribes the experience of a travel in Japan) written in the late of Chosun Dynasty and in the colonial period. For this purpose, this study deals 'Ildongjangyuga(日東壯遊歌)' written in the 18C, 'Yuilrok(游日錄)' written in the late of 19C and 'Dongyugamheungrok(東遊感興錄)‘ written in the colonial period. For analizing the meaning of an awareness of Japan in relation to the cultrural circumstance at that time, this styudy observes the condition for forming Sahaeng Kasa, as the records of the experience of official trip to other contries with a focus on the transformation of Kasa. In addition, this study tries to verificate the fact that Sahaeng Kasa was not only the records of official trip to other contries by the Confucian bureaucrats but also the path to come out their inner consciousness. Each work represents different view of Japan as a consequence of the change of the nation status from a sovereign dynasty to a colony. The meaning of Ilbon Kihaeng Kasa can be summarized as the records of an age which present the origin of a view of Japan as much as the understanding other contries of the intellectuals in Chosun Dynasty.

韓國飮食에 대한 女高生의 意識과 嗜好에 關한 調査硏究 : 光州ㆍ全南地域을 中心으로

박미섬,김경애 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1991 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.3 No.-

The consciousness and food preference of Korean foods by high school girls in Kwangju city and Chonnam area was survery by questionnaire. The resutls were as follows; 1. Although the cooking methods of Korean foods were scientific (63.8%), they have to be improved because of complication and diffeculty. The point of improvement in the urban area was cooing method but that in the rural area was nutrition and hygiene 2. The motives of having interest in korean tradition foods were through home life and school education, mass communication and ets. As the subjects live in more urban area and have high income level, they were affected by school education and mass communication. 3. They are used to eat both traditional and nontraitional foods on the korean festive days and annual functions. There is tendency to decrease the use of traditional foods gradually because of complicated their cooking methods and long cooking time. 4. Most houehold responded that Korean traditional food are must to succession development (52.9%), because of succeed to korean diet culture and suit one's taste. Teh most pride of traitional food are kimchi, rice cake, sweet rice drink, persimmon punch, sweet waxy rice cooked potherbs. 5. The preferenc about the korean foods were high in this order of chopusey, mandu, laver, shikhae, cooked waxy rice. And they were low in salted anchovies salted yellow convina liver cheon, lyster cheon.

사설시조의 여성화자와 여성 섹슈얼리티

박애경 한국여성문학학회 2000 여성문학연구 Vol.3 No.-

사설시조에는 여성화자가 주도하는 성담론이 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 이 글은 여성화자의 성담론이 당대 현실과 관계 맺는 양상을 살피기 위해, 여성화자의 존재양상을 정황에 따라 나누어 살펴보고, 여기에 나타나는 발화 방식과 태도를 점검해 보았다. 여성화자의 성담론에는 훼손된 성을 드러내는 비교적 균일한 목소리도 간혹 드러나지만, 대개 간통, 성에 편향된 자아를 고백하는 분열된 목소리가 압도적으로 나타나고 있다. 어조의 분열은 시점의 불일치, 비현실적 상황 설정, 화자와 논평자의 분리로 가시화되고 있다. 이것은 사설시조에 나타난 여성화자와 실질적 발화의 주체와의 분리를 의미한다. 이 글은 이러한 문제 의식에서 출발하여 사설시조에 나타난 여성화자가 실은 기방 등 남성이 주도하는 유흥 공간에서 성욕을 대리 체험하고 대리 진술하는 욕망의 투사체로 기능하고 있음을 살펴보았다. 이 순간 여성화자는 남성의 일탈적 욕망의 대상으로 혹은 희화화된 ‘관음’의 대상으로 고정화되고 만다. 이는 사설시조의 여성화자가 적극적 태도, 도발적 포즈에도 불구하고 ‘타자성’에서 벗어나지 못했다는 의미로 해석할 수 있을 것이다. Sasul-Sijo is censuring in many aspects. In this study, I focused female narrator and its discourse of sexuality in Sasul-Sijo. Sexuality is the main process to understand the esthetic value of Sasul-Sijo, is known as being coincident with irregular form of this genre. Female narrator in Sasul-Sijo is escaping from the 'Model of the woman' that is restricted notion of Middle Ages. They express sexual desire, sexual experience and illicit love without hesitation. To make clear the meaning of female narrator and its discourse, I examined the aspects of discourse including tone and poetic circumstances, being related with reality at that time, and then was revealed its discord of tone, lack of unity. It is to say that the female narrator is not consistent with the real subject of speaking. It is the man who control the sexual discourse of female narrator. Therefore, we can conclude that female narrator is not the provision of expressing the desire and emotion of woman but the projection of man's sexual desire something like deviating. Female narrator is showed as the subject of expressing sexual desire and experience in place of man, sometimes the object of ridicule. And the characteristic of female narrator in Sasul-sijo is consistent with the image of Kisaeng. It means that however active on the surface, female narrator in Sasul-Sijo is not free from the meaning of the 'object'.

사회극화놀이의 효과와 지도방법에 관한 연구

박경애,서영숙 숙명여자대학교 생활과학연구소 1993 生活科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sociodramatic play training on children's learning readiness development and to find effective teaching strategies of sociodramatic play for 4∼5 year-olders. The subjects were 30 children attending a full time day care center. They were divided into experiment group and control one according to their age, sex, and IQ scores. Experiment group had 12 sociodramatic play training sessions. There training sessions were held in a week and each session took about one hour. The test used in this study was Developmental Test of Learning Readiness for Preschoolers developed by KEDI(1987), and t-test was used for the analysis of data. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Experiment group was improved significantly more than control group in the total score of learning readiness development test. 2. Experiment group was improved significantly more than control group in the scores of motor coordination area and in the comprehension area. 3. Children showed preference for particular social roles such as doctor or buyer. The more training sessions were, the more spontaneous were children. Older children showed more leadership than younger ones in sociodramatic play. As play session proceded, children became involved into play more quickly and actively. Teacher's affective intervention brought positive effects on children's active participation. Summary and discussion were followed.

화학적으로 유도한 랫드 간세포 암화과정에서 단백질 식이가 생체막 안정도와 glutathione 의존성 효소계에 미치는 영향

박경애 가야대학교 2001 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of dietary proteins on the membrane stability and drug-metabolizing enzyme activities during chemically induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the diet containing 20% casein or soy protein isolate and 15% beef tallow for 10 weeks. Hepatocarcinogensis was initiated with diethylnitrosamine(DEN), and the rats were fed diets containing 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) followed by 0.05% phenobarbital (PB). Relative liver weights were significantly increased by AAF and PB treatment in rats. Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities, an index of membrane stability, were not influenced by AAF and PB treatment, but were higher in soy protein diet compared to casein diet groups treated with carcinogen. Lipid peroxide values also were increased by AAF and PB treatment and were higher in soy protein diet compared to casein diet groups. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity were significantly increased by AAF and PB treatment in casein diet group and aniline hydroxylase activities were increased by AAF and PB treatment. Glutathione S-transferase enzyme activities were increased by AAF and PB and higher in soy protein diet compared to casein diet groups treated with carcinogen. Glutathione peroxidase and g1utathione reductase were influenced by AAF and PB. Our results suggest that soy protein maintain the membrane stability and influence the glutathione S-transferase during chemically induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Soy protein may be protective against the stage of promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by chemical carcinogen. KEY WORD ; glutathione S-transferase, hepatocarcinogenesis, membrane stability, soy protein.

정토신앙 공동체와 향가

박애경 延世大學校 文科大學 2008 人文科學 Vol.88 No.-

이 글은 신라 향가의 발전과정을 신라 사회 불교 공동체의 동향과 관련하여 살피고자 시작되었다. 다른 시가 장르의 발생과 마찬가지로 향가 역시 민간의 노래에 기원을 두고 있지만, 장르적 정체성을 완성하는 과정에서 신앙의 집단적 표현과 의례를 위한 불교적 성격의 노래로 정착하게 되었다. 대승불교가 주를 이룬 신라사회에서는 승려와 신도가 신행을 수행하기 위한 다양한 형태의 불교공동체가 만들어졌다. 특히 신라 중대 이후 신라사회에 광범위하게 자리잡은 정토신앙은 상 · 하층을 아우르는 신앙으로 광범위하게 자리잡게 되었다. 내세를 위한 정토신앙의 신행법으로는 고도의 수행법과 함께 향가와 염불 같은 보다 대중적인 방식이 장려되었다. 이글에서는 향가가 정토신앙 공동체의 신행에 개입하는 방식을 크게 선업형, 수도형, 절속형으로 나눠 살피고 이들의 신행이 향가와 관련 기록에 구현되는 방식을 살펴보았다. 이러한 공동체의 유형은 기본적으로 사대대중의종교적 근기에 따라 나뉜다. 이 글에서는 그 외에 각각의 정토신앙 공동체가 각각 신라의 상대, 중대, 하대의 신행을 대표하는 방식이라는 점을 주시하고자 하였다. The main purpose of this paper is to inquire the process of the development of Hyangga with a relation to the Buddhist communists in the Shinla Dynasty. Like any other genres of Korean classical songs and poetry Hyangga has originated from the folk songs. In the process of forming the style, Hyangga has been rooted on the Buddhist community as a song for propagation of religion and ritual. The majority of Buddhist communists in the Shinla Dynasty were the communists for the Pure Land Faith, which showed the speciality of Mahayana Buddhism in that period. Among the believers who pursued the Pure Land, Hyangga was enjoyed as a way of ascetic exercises or religious confession. This paper categorized the types of Buddhlst communists shown in Hyangga and following prose writings into three parts; the type of good deed, ascetic exercise and supermundane. Basically each type of community could be differentiated by the religious perseverance of ascetics. This paper calls the question each type of community shows the representative way of ascetic exercise in each period of the Shinla Dynasty.