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오광식,박외정 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1994 연구논문집 Vol.49 No.1
In regression diagnostics, a number of outlier measures based on various statistical tools have been discussed. These measures usually pay·attention to dectecting individual outlier. However, there exists a situation in which observations are multiple but not individual outliers or the other way about, The situation is revered to as a masking effect which means that the outlier of one observation is masked by the presence of another observation. The multiple outlier is often overlooked because it is much more difficult to detect than the individual outliers. We propose a new expression of John and Draper's outlier sum of square. The advantages from the theoretical point of view are that the expression is based not only on the multiple case but also on the single case, and that we can detect multiple outliers with the masking effect by investigating the difference between the multiple outliers and sum of the individual outliers. Furthermore we suggest a search method for multiple outliers after investigating some properties of the new expression. .
Clostridium dif?cile-associated diarrhea in dialysis patients
( Sook Eui Ohy ),( Seung Min Lee Y ),( Young Ki Lee ),( Sun Ryoung Choi ),( Myung Jin Choi ),( Jwa Kyung Kim ),( Young Rim Song ),( Soo Jin Kim ),( Tae Jin Park ),( Sung Gyun Kim ),( Ji Eun Oh ),( Jan 대한신장학회 2013 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.32 No.1
Background: Dialysis patients have impaired host defense mechanisms and frequently require antibiotics for various infective complications. In this study, we investigated whether dialysis patients have greater risk for Clostridium dif?cileassociated diarrhea (CDAD). Methods: During the 4-year study period (2004-2008), 85 patients with CDAD were identi?ed based on a retrospective review of C dif?cile toxin assay or histology records. Nosocomial diarrheal patients without CDAD were considered as controls (n¼403). We assessed the association between renal function and the prevalence and clinical outcomes of CDAD. Results: There was a signi?cant difference in the prevalence rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) between CDAD and non-CDAD patients (Po0.001). Sixteen patients (18.8%) of the CDAD group were treated with dialysis, whereas 21 patients (5.2%) of the non-CDAD group were treated with dialysis. There was a signi?cant association between renal function and CDAD in patients on dialysis [odds ratio (OR)¼4.44, 95% con?dence interval (CI) 2.19-8.99, Po0.001], but not in patients with CKD stage 3-5 (OR¼1.10, 95% CI 0.63-1.92, P¼0.73). In multivariate analysis, CKD stage 5D was an independent risk factor for the development of CDAD (OR¼13.36, 95% CI 2.94-60.67, P¼0.001). Conclusion: Our data indicate that dialysis patients might be at a greater risk of developing CDAD, which suggests that particular attention should be provided to CDAD when antibiotic treatment is administered to dialysis patients.
오광식,박외정 대구효성가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 基礎科學硏究論集 Vol.1994 No.1
In regression diagnostics, a number of outlier measures based on various statisti-cal tools have been discussed. These measures usually pay attantion to detecting individual outlier. However, there exists a situation in which observations are mul-tiple but not individual outliers or the other way about. The situation is refered to as a masking effect which means that the outlier of one observation is masked by the presence of another observation. The multiple outlier is often overlooked be-cause it is much more difficult to detect than the individual outliers. We propose a new expression of John and Draper's outlier sum of square. The advantages from the theroretical point of view are that the expression is based not only on the mutiple case but also on the single case, and that we can detect multiple outliers with the masking effect by investigating the difference between the multiple outliers and sum of the individual outliers. Furthermore we suggest a search method for multiple outliers after investigating some properties of the new expression.
Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor
Oh, Y.‐,S.,Kim, J.‐,S.,Chung, S.‐,W.,Song, I.‐,U.,Kim, Y.‐,D.,Kim, Y.‐,I.,Lee, K.‐,S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 European Journal of Neurology Vol.18 No.4
<P><B>Background and purpose: </B> Decreased visual function is one of the non‐motor dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidences suggest that essential tremor (ET) is not ‘pure’ motor disorder and there is growing evidence that this disease is a multiple‐system disorder. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate ET from PD. In addition, there is considerable controversy regarding the relationship between PD and ET. The objective of this study was to compare color discrimination dysfunction amongst patients with PD and ET and to investigate the clinical relevance.</P><P><B>Methods: </B> Case–control comparisons of 54 patients with PD, 36 patients with ET, and 34 age‐matched controls were performed. All cases underwent Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test (FMT) and clinical assessments on medication. In addition, the association between color vision abnormalities and motor handicaps was investigated.</P><P><B>Results: </B> There were significant differences in the total error scores (TES) of the FMT amongst the three groups; patients with the PD had higher TES than the patients with ET and the controls after adjustments for age. In addition, the motor symptom severity in PD correlated with the FMT abnormalities, especially with regard to the axial symptoms.</P><P><B>Conclusion: </B> The results of this study suggest that color vision abnormalities may be one of the non‐motor clinical characteristics of PD‐related dysfunction in contrast to ET. In addition, the severity of axial motor symptoms was closely related to visual dysfunction. Confirmation of these findings as well as the mechanisms underlying these results requires further study.</P>
Oh, Y.,Swierczewska, M.,Kim, T.H.,Lim, S.M.,Eom, H.N.,Park, J.H.,Na, D.H.,Kim, K.,Lee, K.C.,Pomper, M.G.,Lee, S. Elsevier Science Publishers 2015 Journal of controlled release Vol.220 No.2
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted great interest as a cancer therapy because it selectively induces death receptor (DR)-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal tissue. However, recombinant human TRAIL demonstrates limited therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, possibly due to TRAIL-resistance of primary cancers and its inherent short half-life. Here we introduce drug delivery approaches to maximize in vivo potency of TRAIL in TRAIL-resistant tumor xenografts by (1) extending the half-life of the ligand with PEGylated TRAIL (TRAIL<SUB>PEG</SUB>) and (2) concentrating a TRAIL sensitizer, selected from in vitro screening, in tumors via tumor-homing nanoparticles. Antitumor efficacy of TRAIL<SUB>PEG</SUB> with tumor-homing sensitizer was evaluated in HCT116 and HT-29 colon xenografts. Western blot, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and cell viability assays were employed to investigate mechanisms of action and antitumor efficacy of the combination. We discovered that doxorubicin (DOX) sensitizes TRAIL-resistant HT-29 colon cancer cells to TRAIL by upregulating mRNA expression of DR5 by 60% in vitro. Intravenously administered free DOX does not effectively upregulate DR5 in tumor tissues nor demonstrate synergy with TRAIL<SUB>PEG</SUB> in HT-29 xenografts, but rather introduces significant systemic toxicity. Alternatively, when DOX was encapsulated in hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles (HAC/DOX) and intravenously administered with TRAIL<SUB>PEG</SUB>, DR-mediated apoptosis was potentiated in HT-29 tumors by upregulating DR5 protein expression by 70% and initiating both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways with reduced systemic toxicity compared to HAC/DOX or free DOX combined with TRAIL<SUB>PEG</SUB> (80% vs. 40% survival rate; 75% vs. 34% tumor growth inhibition). This study demonstrates a unique approach to overcome TRAIL-based therapy drawbacks using sequential administration of a tumor-homing TRAIL sensitizer and long-acting TRAIL<SUB>PEG</SUB>.
Characterization of Curli A Production on Living Bacterial Surfaces by Scanning Probe Microscopy
Oh, Y.,Cui, Y.,Kim, H.,Li, Y.,Hinterdorfer, P.,Park, S. Biophysical Society ; Published for the Biophysica 2012 Biophysical journal Vol.103 No.8
Curli are adhesive surface fibers produced by many Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. They are implicated in bacterial attachment and invasion to epithelial cells. In this study, atomic force microscopy was used to determine the effects of curli on topology and mechanical properties of live E. coli cells. Young's moduli of both curli-deficient and curli-overproducing mutants were significantly lower than that of their wild-type (WT) strain, while decay lengths of the former strains were higher than that of the latter strain. Surprisingly, topological images showed that, unlike the WT and curli-overproducing mutant, the curli-deficient mutant produced a large number of flagella-like fibers, which may explain why the strain had a lower Young's modulus than the WT. These results suggest that the mechanical properties of bacterial surfaces are greatly affected by the presence of filamentous structures such as curli and flagella.
Oh, Y.,Jeon, N.,Kim, J.,Kim, D. Elsevier 2009 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.9 No.4
We investigate optical signatures of normal and cancer tissues by measuring nine cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas transplanted into tongue of nude mice. Transmission results were measured with a spatially translated fiber probe for auto-fluorescence spectra of normal and cancer specimens in 450-750nm. Normal and cancer specimens were quantitatively compared based on extinction coefficients (μ<SUB>t</SUB>) calculated by collimated transmission method. Although direct comparison of μ<SUB>t</SUB> may be difficult to detect cancer specimens, it was found that use of multiple determinants based on spatial variance and a spectral ratio of μ<SUB>t</SUB> shows promise for the diagnosis. The preliminary results attest the feasibility and challenges of screening precancerous oral tissues using optical detection.