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Lally Richard D.,Murphy Richard,Horgan Karina 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.4
To explore the possibility of reducing plant diseases with integrated pest management strategies, microbial fermentation products (MFPs) are being explored as elicitors of plant defence. This work examined the impact of MFP application on tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum) in a polytunnel environment. Two MFPs were assessed, at a concentration of 0.7% v/v, to determine their impact within 48-h of a foliar treatment application on the mRNA expression of common plant defence markers along with hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, peroxidase and catalase activity, and leaf pigment concentrations. Treated plants were examined for indicators of diff erent defence responses. AOS , LOX2 and malondialdehyde were targeted as indicators of a jasmonic acid related response, while PAL and PR1 were examined as indicators of a salicylic acid related response. A yield study was also conducted over two harvest seasons to determine the impact of the MFP applications on fruit productivity. MFP 1 upregulated gene expression of AOS , CAT , LOX2 , PR2 and PA2 . It also resulted in greater malondialdehyde concentrations in leaf tissue and resulted in higher levels of catalase activity. At 24 h plant chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total pigment concentrations were higher with use of MFP 1. MFP 2 increased the expression of CAT , LOX2 , PAL , PR1 , PR2 , PR4 , PR5 and PA2 genes, hydrogen peroxide levels and peroxidase activity also increased. Yield analysis revealed that neither of the MFP applications had a negative impact on productivity, fruit numbers and average fruit weight were signifi cantly higher in year 1 with MFP1, while MFP 2 had greater fruit numbers in year 2. The data suggests, based on the behaviour of the plants in response to the MFP applications, that MFP 1 positively aff ected biomarkers associated with jasmonic acid defence responses ( AOS, LOX2 and malondialdehyde) and MFP 2 aff ected markers associated with salicylic acid responses ( PAL and PR1 ). The work indicates that MFPs could be used to elicit diff erent defence responses in tomato plants, which could play a role in helping improve crop productivity. Eliciting plant defence against biotic stress is crucial in integrated pest management strategies, this work provides evidence that MFPs may play a crucial role in eliciting defences in tomato plants and other crops against a range of agronomically challenging diseases.
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Peavy, Richard D,Hubbard, Katherine B,Lau, Anthony,Fields, R Brett,Xu, Kaiming,Lee, C Justin,Lee, Terri T,Gernert, Kimberly,Murphy, T J,Hepler, John R American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental 2005 Molecular pharmacology Vol.67 No.6
<P>Gqalpha family members (Gqalpha, G11alpha, G14alpha, and G15/16alpha) stimulate phospholipase Cbeta (PLCbeta) and inositol lipid signaling but differ markedly in amino acid sequence and tissue distribution predicting unappreciated functional diversity. To examine functional differences, we compared the signaling properties of Gqalpha, G14alpha, and G15alpha and their cellular responses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Constitutively active forms of Gqalpha, G14alpha, or G15alpha elicit markedly different responses when introduced to VSMC. Whereas each Galpha stimulated PLCbeta to similar extents when expressed at equal protein levels, Gqalpha and G14alpha but not G15alpha initiated profound cell death within 48 h. This response was the result of activation of apoptotic pathways, because Gqalpha and G14alpha, but not G15alpha, stimulated caspase-3 activation and did not alter phospho-Akt, a regulator of cell survival pathways. Gqalpha and G14alpha stimulate nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) activation in VSMC, but Galpha-induced cell death seems independent of PKC, InsP(3)/Ca(2+), and NFAT, in that pharmacological inhibitors of these pathways did not block cell death. Gene expression analysis indicates that Gqalpha, G14alpha, and G15alpha each elicit markedly different profiles of altered gene sets in VSMC after 24 h. Whereas all three Galpha stimulated changes (> or =2-fold) in 50 shared mRNA, Gqalpha and G14alpha (but not G15alpha) stimulated changes in 221 shared mRNA, many of which are reported to be pro-apoptotic and/or involved with TNF-alpha signaling. We were surprised to find that each Galpha also stimulated changes in nonoverlapping Galpha-specific gene sets. These findings demonstrate that Gqalpha family members activate both overlapping and distinct signaling pathways and are more functionally diverse than previously thought.</P>
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Steven J.T. Jackson,Keith W. Singletary,Laura L. Murphy,Richard C. Venema,Andrew J. Young 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.1
Phytonutrients have rapidly emerged as natural food chemicals possessing multifaceted biological actions thatmay support beneficial health outcomes. Among the vast array of phytonutrients currently being studied, sulforaphane, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol have been frequently reported to stimulate the expression of endogenous detoxification enzymes and may thereby facilitate the neutralization of otherwise harmful environmental agents. Some of these same phytonutrients, however, have also been implicated in disrupting normal cell proliferation and hence may possess toxic properties in and of themselves. In this study, we characterize the respective minimum threshold concentrations of the aforementioned phytonutrients in Hepa1c1c7 cells that stimulate NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), a key enzyme in the hepatic neutralization of menadione, other biological oxidants, and some environmental carcinogens. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that relatively low concentrations of either sulforaphane or curcumin significantly (P < .05) increase NQO1 protein expression and activity without triggering G2/M cell cycle arrest or mitotic catastrophe. The minimal quercetin concentration inducing NQO1, however, was 100-fold higher than that which disrupted mitosis. Also, while resveratrol modestly stimulated NQO1, the minimally effective resveratrol concentration concomitantly induced evidence of cellular apoptosis. Taken together, these findings indicate that only particular phytonutrients are likely efficacious in upregulating NQO1 activity without also leading to hepatic cytotoxicity.
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