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Effect of Nipple Angle on Water Disappearance by Pigs
Yun, M.S.,Ju, W.S.,Piao, L.G.,Long, H.F.,Kil, D.Y.,Oh, H.K.,Kim, Y.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.1
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nipple angles on water disappearance in growing pigs, which is defined as the water which leaves the watering device but is not consumed by the pig. This water adds to the volume of the total waste slurry. Four crossbred pigs averaging $70.0{\pm}1.4$ kg were assigned into 1 of 4 treatments using a $4{\times}4$ Latin-square design. Treatments were distinguished by the angle between nipple terminal and the perpendicular wall. These angles were: 1) NA-30 (= Nipple Angle $30^{\circ}$), 2) NA-45 (= Nipple Angle $45^{\circ}$), 3) NA-60 (= Nipple Angle $60^{\circ}$) and 4) NA-90 (= Nipple Angle $90^{\circ}$). All of the nipples were fixed at shoulder height of each pig. After a 7-day adaptation period, samples were collected from each pig for 4 days, followed by a day for change-over. Pigs were fed a 0.8 kg diet twice daily at 08:00 and 20:00 and supplied water ad libitum. Throughout the experimental period, pigs in the NA-30 treatment group showed greater water disappearance than other treatments. Water disappearance was the lowest for the NA-60 treatment group (p<0.01). The percentage of water disappearance to the water supply was significantly reduced in the NA-60 treatment group (p<0.01). Water intake was the same for all the treatment groups. The rate of water disappearance per unit of water intake was significantly decreased in pigs in the NA-60 treatment group compared to other groups (p<0.01). These results suggested that the nipple angle for growing pigs should be $60^{\circ}$ to reduce water disappearance and, subsequently, the amount of waste generated.
Park, Soon Ju,Piao, Hai Long,Xuan, Yuan-hu,Park, Sung Han,Je, Byoung Il,Kim, Chul Min,Lee, Eun Jin,Park, Soo Hyun,Ryu, ByeongChan,Lee, Kon Ho,Lee, Gi Hwan,Nam, Min Hee,Yeo, Un Sang,Lee, Myung Chul,Yun Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2006 Molecules and cells Vol.21 No.2
<P>Even though Ac/Ds gene-tagging systems have been established in many higher plants, maize is the only major plant in which short-distance transposition of Ac/Ds has been utilized to probe gene function. This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of obtaining new alleles and functional revertants from Ds insertion loci in rice. By analyzing 1,580 plants and the progeny of selected lines, the insertion sites and orientations of Ds elements within 16 new heritable alleles of three rice loci were identified and characterized. Intragenic transposition was detected in both directions from the original insertion sites. The closest interval was 35 bp. Three of the alleles had two Ds elements in cis configuration in the same transcription units. We also analyzed the excision footprints of intragenic and extragenic transpositions in Ds-inserted alleles at 5 loci. The 134 footprints obtained from different plants revealed predominant patterns. Ds excision at each locus left a predominant footprint at frequencies of 30-75%. Overall, 66% of the footprints were 7-bp additions. In addition, 16% of the excisions left 0-, 3-, 6-, and 9-bp additions with the potential of conserving reading frame.</P>
구용운,정홍배,Ju, Long-Yun,Chung, Hong-Bay 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.3
We investigated the diffraction grating efficiency by the Diode Pumped Solid State(DPSS 532 nm) laser beam wavelength to improve the diffraction efficiency on $As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35},\;Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ and $As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}/Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ thin film. Diffraction efficiency was obtained from DPSS laser, used (P:P)polarized laser beam on each thin films. As a result, for the laser beam intensity in $0.24mW/cm^2$, single $As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ thin film shows the highest value of 0.161% diffraction efficiency at 300 s and for laser beam intensity in $2.4mW/cm^2$, it was recorded with the fastest speed of 50 s(0.013%), which the diffraction grating forming speed is faster than that of $0.24mW/cm^2$ beam. $Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ double layer and $As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}/Ag/As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ multi-layered thin film also show the faster grating forming speed at $2.4mW/cm^2$ and higher value of diffraction efficiency at $0.24mW/cm^2$.
Chen, Qiang,Luo, Zhao-Yun,Lin, Min,Lin, Qi-Li,Chen, Chan-Yu,Yang, Chun,Xie, Long-Xu,Li, Hui,Zheng, Jia-Kun,Yang, Li-Ye,Ju, Gui-Zhi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Limited epidemiologic data of HPV prevalence are available for women attending hospitals in southern China. This study aimed to evaluate the profiles of HPV infection and cytology status in gynecological outpatients in Chaozhou City. Methods: A total of 2833 eligible women were enrolled. The HPV GenoArray test was used for HPV detection and genotyping. Nearly one half of the HPV positive women received liquid-based cytology test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the predictable effects of age and genotype for categories of abnormal cytology. Results: The prevalence of overall, high-risk, and low-risk HPV infection were 24.5%, 19.5% and 8.4%, respectively. A U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve was observed in overall HPV and high-risk HPV, but not in low-risk HPV, which declined with age increasing. The 6 most common high-risk HPV type in descending order, were types 52, 16, 58, 18, 68, and 33. Age and HPV genotype were both important determinants of abnormal cytology incidence, the older women (>45 years) and those infected with HPV type 16 and/or 18 having the highest risk for abnormal cytology. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that second-generation HPV prophylactic vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women residing in Chaozhou and neighboring cities in Guangdong.
Tian, J.Z.,Yun, M.S.,Ju, W.S.,Long, H.F.,Kim, J.H.,Kil, D.Y.,Chang, J.S.,Cho, S.B.,Kim, Y.Y.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 56 crossbred pigs ([$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$]${\times}$Large White) with average $28.5{\pm}0.2kg$ BW were allotted to 7 treatments on the basis of sex and weight in two replicates and four pigs per pen. A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Two sources of Se (selenite Se or Se-enriched yeast) were added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg to each treatment diet. A basal diet without Se supplementation was the seventh treatment group. Three pigs per treatment were randomly selected and samples of loin, liver, pancreas and a kidney were collected, frozen and later analyzed for Se. The digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent absorption and retention of Se and availability of other nutrients. Growth performance was not affected by dietary sources and levels of Se. No growth retardation was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg dietary Se treatment group regardless of Se sources. The Se concentration of serum in Se supplemented groups was increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). During the growing and finishing phase, Se in serum was clearly increased when organic Se was provided (p<0.01). Interaction of Se source ${\times}$ Se level was observed in Se concentration of loin, liver and pancreas of the pigs at the end of experiment. Selenium retention in the liver, kidney, pancreas and loin of pigs was increased as dietary Se level increased and was higher when pigs were fed organic Se resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary Se sources or levels. No dietary Se source ${\times}$ Se level interaction was observed in nutrient digestibility. The results from this experiment indicated that dietary Se sources and levels affected the distribution of Se in the body of growing-finishing pigs. Organic source of Se, such as Se-enriched yeast resulted in higher serum and tissue Se concentration compared to inorganic form, while no beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility were observed from dietary Se supplementation in growing-finishing pigs.