Extratropical control of recent tropical Pacific decadal climate variability : A relay teleconnection

Lixin Wu 한국기상학회 2006 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

Pantropical climate interactions

Cai, Wenju,Wu, Lixin,Lengaigne, Matthieu,Li, Tim,McGregor, Shayne,Kug, Jong-Seong,Yu, Jin-Yi,Stuecker, Malte F.,Santoso, Agus,Li, Xichen,Ham, Yoo-Geun,Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu,Ng, Benjamin,McPhaden, Mich American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2019 Science Vol.363 No.6430

<P><B>Tropical interconnections</B></P><P>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which originates in the tropical Pacific, affects the rest of the world's tropics by perturbing global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated than this influence is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Cai <I>et al.</I> review what we know about these pantropical interactions, discuss possible ways of improving predictions of current climate variability, and consider how projecting future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios may be improved. They argue that making progress in this field will require sustained global climate observations, climate model improvements, and theoretical advances.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. eaav4236</P><P>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which originates in the Pacific, is the strongest and most well-known mode of tropical climate variability. Its reach is global, and it can force climate variations of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans by perturbing the global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Especially noteworthy is the multidecadal Atlantic warming that began in the late 1990s, because recent research suggests that it has influenced Indo-Pacific climate, the character of the ENSO cycle, and the hiatus in global surface warming. Discovery of these pantropical interactions provides a pathway forward for improving predictions of climate variability in the current climate and for refining projections of future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios.</P>

Evaluation of Cracking and Serviceability Performance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Deep Beams

Hui Wei,Tao Wu,Lixin Sun,Xi Liu 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.24 No.11

This paper investigated the diagonal crack propagation and serviceability performance of fifteen deep beams fabricated using lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). Experimental variables included the shear span-depth ratio, beam section depth, and bearing plate width. The test results were reported in terms of crack propagation, diagonal crack width, diagonal cracking load, and size effect on the serviceability of deep beams; they were also employed to establish a relationship between residual shear bearing capacity and maximum diagonal crack width for such components. In addition, the crack width limits in current code provisions were utilized to further evaluate the serviceability of LWAC deep beams. The test results revealed that the diagonal crack propagation is almost independent of the variation of beam depth, while the diagonal crack width exhibited an obvious increasing trend as shear span-depth ratio or bearing plate width increased. At service load level, the crack width limit of 0.4 mm stipulated in ACI 224-R-01 can be satisfied by LWAC deep beams with horizontal and vertical shear reinforcement ratios more than 0.3%.

Response of El Niño sea surface temperature variability to greenhouse warming

Kim, Seon Tae,Cai, Wenju,Jin, Fei-Fei,Santoso, Agus,Wu, Lixin,Guilyardi, Eric,An, Soon-Il Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature climate change Vol.4 No.9

<P>The destructive environmental and socio-economic impacts of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation(1,2) (ENSO) demand an improved understanding of how ENSO will change under future greenhouse warming. Robust projected changes in certain aspects of ENSO have been recently established(3-5). However, there is as yet no consensus on the change in the magnitude of the associated sea surface temperature (SST) variability(6-8), commonly used to represent ENSO amplitude(1,6), despite its strong effects on marine ecosystems and rainfall worldwide(1-4,9). Here we show that the response of ENSO SST amplitude is time-varying, with an increasing trend in ENSO amplitude before 2040, followed by a decreasing trend thereafter. We attribute the previous lack of consensus to an expectation that the trend in ENSO amplitude over the entire twenty-first century is unidirectional, and to unrealistic model dynamics of tropical Pacific SST variability. We examine these complex processes across 22 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) database(10), forced under historical and greenhouse warming conditions. The nine most realistic models identified show a strong consensus on the time-varying response and reveal that the non-unidirectional behaviour is linked to a longitudinal difference in the surface warming rate across the Indo-Pacific basin. Our results carry important implications for climate projections and climate adaptation pathways.</P>

Clinical Significance of Serum IgG4 in the Diagnosis and Treatment Response of IgG4-Related Disease in Adults of Southwest China: A Retrospective Study

Wei Bin,Guo Ying,Ou Xiaoqi,Lin Liyan,Su Zhenzhen,Li Lixin,Wu XiaoJuan,Cai Bei 대한진단검사의학회 2023 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.43 No.5

Background: There is no standard cut-off value of serum IgG4 concentration and serum IgG4/total IgG ratio for the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) or as a marker of treatment responses. We aimed to explore this issue through a retrospective cohort analysis of adults in southwest China. Methods: The diagnostic performance of serum IgG4 concentration and IgG4/IgG ratio for IgG4-RD was evaluated in a retrospective analysis of 177 adults newly diagnosed as having IgG4-RD and 877 adults without IgG4-RD. Dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of serum IgG4 concentration on IgG4-RD treatment responses. Results: The serum IgG4 concentration differed according to sex. The optimal cut-off values of serum IgG4 concentration and IgG4/IgG ratio for IgG4-RD diagnosis were 1.92 g/L and 0.12 in males and 1.83 g/L and 0.11 in females, respectively. For patients with serum IgG4 concentration >2.01 g/L, the cut-off values in the total population were >3.00 g/L and 0.19, respectively. The median serum IgG4 concentration decreased over time, and the decrease rate increased over time. The serum IgG4 concentration significantly decreased at >1 week post-treatment (P=0.004), and the median decrease rate was close to 50% at >4 weeks post-treatment. Conclusions: Serum IgG4 can be a good indicator for IgG4-RD diagnosis; however, different diagnostic cut-off values should be determined according to sex. The decreasing rate is more conducive than the serum IgG4 concentration to monitor treatment efficacy. The IgG4/IgG ratio did not improve the diagnostic efficacy for IgG4-RD.

Experimental and numerical study on smectic aligned zirconium phosphate decorated graphene oxide hybrids effects over waterborne epoxy multi-functional properties enhancement

DURAISAMI DHAMODHAR-AN,Veeman Dhinakaran,Radhika Nagavaram,Pradnya Prabhakar Ghoderao,Hun-Soo Byun,Lixin Wu 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.107 No.-

Waterborne epoxy (WEP) resins are of great significance as multifunctional properties recently. Nevertheless, their curing process, which involves the formation of numerous micro-pores via waterevaporation, has limited applications in the industrial utilizations. In this work, we have synthesizedand enhanced the water-dispersible Zirconium phosphate decorated graphene oxide (ZrP@GO) nanocompositesthrough a one-step preparation method of graphene oxide (GO) sheets decorated with ZrPnanoparticles, and the as-prepared ZrP@GO nanocomposites were introduced as nanofillers for WEP systemin order to enhance its multifunctional properties. The as-prepared GO, ZrP, and ZrP@GO hybridswere scrutinized by XRD, XPS, Raman, TGA, and its morphology study were investigated with the assistanceof AFM, TEM, and FESEM. The anticorrosive properties were analyzed using natural salt spray tests(NSS). The ZrP@GO mixed WEP coatings exhibit better protection towards corrosion when compared toWEP/GO and WEP/ZrP coatings. Also, the excellent mechanical and thermal properties were achievedwith the incorporation of ZrP@GO hybrids with the WEP system. The better performance of ZrP@GOwas achieved through enhanced dispersion, exfoliation, and the outstanding shielding effect of the smecticaligned layers of ZrP@GO hybrids. Besides, a finite element model proposed through this research topredict the tensile behaviors are good in agreement with the measured vales.