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x5f20;琳(Zhang Lin) 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2012 국제문화연구 Vol.5 No.2
중한 양국의 근현대고등교육은 다 19세기 중후기부터 시작된 것이다. 한국은 아주 짧은 시간 안에 고등교육을 보급시켰으며 고등교육국제화발전이 아시아에서 선두에 있게 되었다. 본문은 교사와 학생들이 국제간의 이동, 교육과정설치의 국제화 및 국제화 동반자 관계와 협력 세 가지 측면에서 한국의 고등교육국제화를 분석하여 우리나라의 고등교육발전에 좋은 참고가 되기를 바란다.
Identification of a novel starfish neuropeptide that acts as a muscle relaxant
Kim, Chanx2010,Hee,Kim, Eun Jung,Go, Hyex2010,Jin,Oh, Hye Young,Lin, Ming,Elphick, Maurice R.,Park, Nam Gyu John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016 Journal of Neurochemistry Vol.137 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Neuropeptides that act as muscle relaxants have been identified in chordates and protostomian invertebrates but little is known about the molecular identity of neuropeptides that act as muscle relaxants in deuterostomian invertebrates (e.g. echinoderms) that are ‘evolutionary intermediates’ of chordates and protostomes. Here, we have used the apical muscle of the starfish <I>Patiria pectinifera</I> to assay for myorelaxants in extracts of this species. A hexadecapeptide with the amino acid sequence Phe‐Gly‐Lys‐Gly‐Gly‐Ala‐Tyr‐Asp‐Pro‐Leu‐Ser‐Ala‐Gly‐Phe‐Thr‐Asp was identified and designated starfish myorelaxant peptide (SMP). Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the SMP precursor protein revealed that it comprises 12 copies of SMP as well as 3 peptides (7 copies in total) that are structurally related to SMP. Analysis of the expression of SMP precursor transcripts in <I>P. pectinifera</I> using qPCR revealed the highest expression in the radial nerve cords and lower expression levels in a range of neuromuscular tissues, including the apical muscle, tube feet and cardiac stomach. Consistent with these findings, SMP also caused relaxation of tube foot and cardiac stomach preparations. Furthermore, SMP caused relaxation of apical muscle preparations from another starfish species – <I>Asterias amurensis</I>. Collectively, these data indicate that SMP has a general physiological role as a muscle relaxant in starfish. Interestingly, comparison of the sequence of the SMP precursor with known neuropeptide precursors revealed that SMP belongs to a bilaterian family of neuropeptides that include molluscan pedal peptides (PP) and arthropodan orcokinins (OK). This is the first study to determine the function of a PP/OK‐type peptide in a deuterostome.</P><P> Pedal peptide/orcokinin (PP/OK)‐type peptides are a family of structurally related neuropeptides that were first identified and functionally characterised in protostomian invertebrates. Here, we report the discovery of starfish myorelaxant peptide (SMP), a novel member of the PP/OK‐type neuropeptide identified in the starfish <I>Patiria pectinifera</I> (phylum Echinodermata). SMP is the first PP/OK‐type neuropeptide to be functionally characterised in a deuterostome.</P>
Sun, Zhengwang,Park, Sang Yong,Hwang, Eunson,Zhang, Mengyang,Seo, Seul A.,Lin, Pei,Yi, Taex2010,Hoo John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.21 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐induced reactive oxidative species is mainly responsible for the development of photoageing. Rosmarinic acid was one of the main bioactive components detected in <I>Thymus vulgaris</I> (TV) we extracted. In this study, UVB‐induced skin damages have been shown to be ameliorated by treatment with TV in hairless mice (HR‐1) skin, demonstrated by decreased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and increased collagen production. However, the underlying molecular mechanism on which TV acted was unclear. We examined the photoprotective effects of TV against UVB and elucidated the molecular mechanism in normal human dermal fibroblasts. <I>Thymus vulgaris</I> remarkably prevented the UVB‐induced reactive oxygen species and lactate dehydrogenase. Dose‐dependent increase in glutathione, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase1 and heme oxygenase‐1, by TV was confirmed by increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Furthermore, 5‐Methoxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid was introduced as a specific inhibitor of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD). We demonstrated that Nrf2 expression was regulated by DLD, which was a tricarboxylic acid cycle‐associated protein that decreased after UVB exposure. Besides, TV significantly diminished UVB induced phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases pathway, containing extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38, which consequently reduced phosphorylated c‐fos and c‐jun. Our results suggest that TV is a potential botanical agent for use against UV radiation‐induced oxidative stress mediated skin damages.</P>
Lemke, Henrik T.,Bressler, Christian,Chen, Lin X.,Fritz, David M.,Gaffney, Kelly J.,Galler, Andreas,Gawelda, Wojciech,Haldrup, Kristoffer,Hartsock, Robert W.,Ihee, Hyotcherl,Kim, Jeongho,Kim, Kyung Hw American Chemical Society 2013 The journal of physical chemistry. A, Molecules, s Vol.117 No.4
<P>X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) deliver short (<100 fs) and intense (∼10<SUP>12</SUP> photons) pulses of hard X-rays, making them excellent sources for time-resolved studies. Here we show that, despite the inherent instabilities of current (SASE based) XFELs, they can be used for measuring high-quality X-ray absorption data and we report femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) measurements of a spin-crossover system, iron(II) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) in water. The data indicate that the low-spin to high-spin transition can be modeled by single-exponential kinetics convoluted with the overall time resolution. The resulting time constant is ∼160 fs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpcafh/2013/jpcafh.2013.117.issue-4/jp312559h/production/images/medium/jp-2012-12559h_0008.gif'></P>
Neuron‐specific expression of <i>atp6v0c2</i> in zebrafish CNS
Chung, Ahx2010,Young,Kim, Myoungx2010,Jin,Kim, Dohyun,Bang, Sangsu,Hwang, Sun Wook,Lim, Chae Seung,Lee, Sanggyu,Park, Haex2010,Chul,Huh, Taex2010,Lin Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 2010 Developmental dynamics Vol.239 No.9
<P><B>Abstract</B></P>10.1002/dvdy.22383.abs<P>Vacuolar ATPase (V‐ATPase) is a multi‐subunit enzyme that plays an important role in the acidification of a variety of intracellular compartments. ATP6V0C is subunit c of the V<SUB>0</SUB> domain that forms the proteolipid pore of the enzyme. In the present study, we investigated the neuron‐specific expression of <I>atp6v0c2</I>, a novel isoform of the V‐ATPase c‐subunit, during the development of the zebrafish CNS. Zebrafish <I>atp6v0c2</I> was isolated from a genome‐wide analysis of the zebrafish <I>mib</I><SUP><I>ta52b</I></SUP> mutant designed to identify genes differentially regulated by Notch signaling. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization revealed that <I>atp6v0c2</I> is expressed in a subset of CNS neurons beginning several hours after the emergence of post‐mitotic neurons. The ATP6V0C2 protein is co‐localized with the presynaptic vesicle marker, SV2, suggesting that it is involved in neurotransmitter storage and/or secretion in neurons. In addition, the loss‐of‐function experiment suggests that ATP6V0C2 is involved in the control of neuronal excitability. Developmental Dynamics 239:2501–2508, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>
Asymptotics for self-normalized random products of sums of i.i.d. random variables
Pang, T.X.,Lin, Z.Y.,Hwang, K.S. Academic Press 2007 Journal of mathematical analysis and applications Vol.334 No.2
Let {X,X<SUB>i</SUB>;i>=1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed positive random variables, which is in the domain of attraction of the normal law, and t<SUB>n</SUB> be a positive, integer random variable. Denote S<SUB>n</SUB>=@?<SUB>i=1</SUB><SUP>n</SUP>X<SUB>i</SUB>, V<SUB>n</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>=@?<SUB>i=1</SUB><SUP>n</SUP>(X<SUB>i</SUB>-X@?)<SUP>2</SUP>, where X@? denotes the sample mean. Then we show that the self-normalized random product of the partial sums, (@?<SUB>k=1</SUB><SUP>t<SUB>n</SUB></SUP>S<SUB>k</SUB>kμ)<SUP>&</SUP>mu;<SUP>V''<SUB>t'n</SUB></SUP>, is still asymptotically lognormal under a suitable condition about t<SUB>n</SUB>.
Kim, Do Hwan,Lee, Jiyoul,Park, Jeongx2010,Il,Chung, Jong Won,Lee, Wi Hyoung,Giri, Gaurav,Yoo, Byungwook,Koo, Bonwon,Kim, Joo Young,Jin, Yong Wan,Cho, Kilwon,Lee, Bangx2010,Lin,Lee, Sangyoon WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced functional materials Vol.21 No.23
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In order to fabricate polymer field‐effect transistors (PFETs) with high electrical stability under bias‐stress, it is crucial to minimize the density of charge trapping sites caused by the disordered regions. Here we report PFETs with excellent electrical stability comparable to that of single‐crystalline organic semiconductors by specifically controlling the molecular weight (MW) of the donor‐acceptor type copolymer semiconductors, poly (didodecylquaterthiophene‐<I>alt</I>‐didodecylbithiazole). We found that MW‐induced thermally structural transition from liquid‐crystalline to semi‐crystalline phases strongly affects the device performance (charge‐carrier mobility and electrical bias‐stability) as well as the nanostructures such as the molecular ordering and the morphological feature. In particular, for the polymer with a MW of 22 kDa, the transfer curves varied little (Δ<I>V</I><SUB>th</SUB> = 3∼4 V) during a period of prolonged bias stress (about 50 000 s) under ambient conditions. This enhancement of the electrical bias‐stability can be attributed to highly ordered liquid‐crystalline nanostructure of copolymer semiconductors on dielectric surface via the optimization of molecular weights.</P>
Kim, Yoonkyung,Jung, Hyex2010,youn,Choe, Yun Hui,Lee, Chaewoon,Ko, Sungx2010,Kyun,Koun, Soonil,Choi, Yohan,Chung, Bong Hyun,Park, Byoung Chul,Huh, Taex2010,Lin,Shin, Injae,Kim, Eunkyoung WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.12
<P><B>Mit photochromem Diarylethen vernetzte Dendrimere</B> (blau im Bild) wurden mit dem Fluoreszenzfarbstoff Cy3 (rot) zur reversiblen Fluoreszenzphotoschaltung markiert. Bestrahlt man die erhaltenen Nanocluster mit UV‐Licht, wird die Cy3‐Fluoreszenz durch das Diarylethen in seiner ring‐geschlossenen Form gelöscht, während Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht die Nanocluster fluoreszieren lässt. In lebenden Zebrafischen konnten hochkontrastige Fluoreszenzbilder aufgenommen werden.</P>
Lin, Ligen,Lee, Jong Han,Wang, Ruitao,Wang, Ru,Sheikhx2010,Hamad, David,Zang, Qun S.,Sun, Yuxiang MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.10
<P>Ghrelin via its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), increases food intake and adiposity. The tissue-specific functions of GHS-R in peripheral tissues are mostly unknown. We previously reported that while GHS-R expression is very low in white and brown fat of young mice, expression increases during aging. To investigate whether GHS-R has cell-autonomous effects in adipose tissues, we generated <I>aP2</I>-Cre-mediated GHS-R knockdown mice (<I>aP2</I>-Cre/<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I>). We studied young (5–6 months) and old (15–17 months) <I>aP2</I>-Cre/<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I> mice and their age-matched controls. Interestingly, young <I>aP2</I>-Cre/<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I> mice had normal body weight but reduced fat; old mice showed pronounced reductions of both body weight and body fat. Calorimetry analysis revealed that <I>aP2</I>-Cre/<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I> mice had normal food intake and locomotor activity at both young and old age; but intriguingly, while energy expenditure was normal at young age, it was significantly increased at old age. Both young and old <I>aP2</I>-Cre/<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I> mice exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Importantly, old <I>aP2</I>-Cre/<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I> mice maintained higher core body temperature at 4 °C, and showed higher expression of the thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (<I>UCP1</I>) gene. The ex vivo studies further demonstrated that GHS-R deficient white adipocytes from old mice exhibit increased glucose uptake and lipolysis, promoting lipid mobilization. Despite the fact that the in vivo phenotypes of <I>aP2</I>-Cre/<I>Ghsr<SUP>f/f</SUP></I> mice may not be exclusively determined by GHS-R knockdown in adipose tissues, our data support that GHS-R has cell-autonomous effects in adipocytes. The anabolic effect of GHS-R in adipocytes is more pronounced in aging, which likely contributes to age-associated obesity and insulin resistance.</P>
Yun, Sun Woo,Kim, Jong H.,Shin, Seunghoon,Yang, Hoichang,An, Byeongx2010,Kwan,Yang, Lin,Park, Soo Young WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced Materials Vol.24 No.7
<P><B>Novel π–conjugated cyanostilbene‐based semiconductors</B> (Hex‐3,5‐TFPTA and Hex‐4‐TFPTA) with tight molecular stacking and optimized energy levels are synthesized. Hex‐4‐TFPTA exhibits high‐performance n‐type organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) properties with electron mobilities as high as 2.14 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP>s<SUP>−1</SUP> and on‐off current ratios >10<SUP>6</SUP>.</P>