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Feasibility of Interstitial CT Lymphography Using Optimized Iodized Oil Emulsion in Rats
Chung, Yong Eun,Hyung, Woo Jin,Kweon, Soonjae,Lim, Soo-Jeong,Choi, Junjeong,Lee, Myun Hee,Kim, Hoguen,Myoung, Sungmin,Lim, Joon Seok Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2010 Vol. No.
OBJECTIVES:: To formulate an iodine-based contrast agent with an oil-in-water emulsion and to evaluate the feasibility of the agent for use as an interstitial computed tomographic (CT) lymphographic agent in a normal rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: The effect of iodized oil (lipiodol) content and the type of surfactant/cosurfactant on the resultant emulsion size and polydispersity was investigated to obtain an optimized lipiodol emulsion for CT lymphography. Optimized emulsions (144 mg/mL) were injected in the hind paws of 6 rats, using 0.5 mL per paw. As control groups, iopamidol solution and lipiodol diluted with squalene to adjust the injection volume with iodine concentration equivalent to the emulsions were used. Precontrast and postcontrast CT images up to 1 week after contrast agent injection were obtained. Time-enhancement curves of the popliteal lymph nodes were obtained. Analysis of variance and post hoc analysis with the Dunn procedure were used for comparing mean peak enhancement, time to peak enhancement, and sustained duration of contrast enhancement. RESULTS:: Optimized emulsion formulations composed of 30% lipiodol and 282 mg/mL of 9:1 surfactant mixture (Tween 80:TPGS [alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate], Tween 80:Kollidon 12 PF, or Tween 80:Span 85) exhibited mean particle size less than 120 nm, and they were stable without significant particle size change up to 1 month. Targeted lymph nodes in all emulsion groups showed continuously increasing enhancement until 4 or 8 hours after injection, followed by continuous washout. Peak enhancement (time to peak enhancement) was 172.4 ± 54.5 HU (Hounsfield unit) (384.0 ± 131.5 minutes) for Tween 80:TPGS; 172.8 ± 28.0 HU (432.0 ± 107.3 minutes) for Tween 80:Kollidon 12 PF, and 177.2 ± 68.9 HU (294.0 ± 190.2 minutes) for Tween 80:Span 85. For iopamidol, peak enhancement of 153.0 ± 46.1 HU (0.5 ± 0.5 minutes) occurred early with rapid washout. For lipiodol as a reference agent, contrast enhancement continuously increased even 1 week after injection without washout (peak enhancement, 486.0 ± 97.4 HU). Peak enhancement among the emulsion groups and the iopamidol group was not statistically different (P = 0.95). All emulsion groups showed more prolonged enhancement than the iopamidol group; enhancement duration for the emulsion groups was 534.0 ± 481.1 minutes for Tween 80:TPGS; 957.0 ± 524.8 minutes for Tween 80:Kollidon 12 PF; and 750.0 ± 566.0 minutes for Tween 80:Span 85, and enhancement duration for iopamidol was 8.2 ± 12.3 minutes (all P < 0.05 in multiple comparisons). However, there was no significant difference in enhancement duration among the 3 emulsion groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:: Iodized oil emulsion made with a surfactant mixture (Tween 80 as the main surfactant and TPGS, Kollidon 12 PF, or Span 85 as the cosurfactant) provided sufficient and sustained contrast enhancement on CT of targeted lymph nodes with washout on delayed phase.
Yoon, Seok-Hwan,Ha, Sung-Min,Kwon, Soonjae,Lim, Jeongmin,Kim, Yeseul,Seo, Hyungseok,Chun, Jongsik Microbiology Society 2017 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.67 No.5
<P>The recent advent of DNA sequencing technologies facilitates the use of genome sequencing data that provide means for more informative and precise classification and identification of members of the <I>Bacteria</I> and <I>Archaea</I>. Because the current species definition is based on the comparison of genome sequences between type and other strains in a given species, building a genome database with correct taxonomic information is of paramount need to enhance our efforts in exploring prokaryotic diversity and discovering novel species as well as for routine identifications. Here we introduce an integrated database, called EzBioCloud, that holds the taxonomic hierarchy of the <I>Bacteria</I> and <I>Archaea</I>, which is represented by quality-controlled 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences. Whole-genome assemblies in the NCBI Assembly Database were screened for low quality and subjected to a composite identification bioinformatics pipeline that employs gene-based searches followed by the calculation of average nucleotide identity. As a result, the database is made of 61 700 species/phylotypes, including 13 132 with validly published names, and 62 362 whole-genome assemblies that were identified taxonomically at the genus, species and subspecies levels. Genomic properties, such as genome size and DNA G+C content, and the occurrence in human microbiome data were calculated for each genus or higher taxa. This united database of taxonomy, 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, with accompanying bioinformatics tools, should accelerate genome-based classification and identification of members of the <I>Bacteria</I> and <I>Archaea</I>. The database and related search tools are available at www.ezbiocloud.net/.</P>
LLR 차의 절대 평균값을 이용한 터보부호의 새로운 반복중단 알고리즘
심병섭,이완범,정대호,임순자,김태형,김환용,Shim ByoungSup,Lee Wanbum,Jeong DaeHo,Lim SoonJa,Kim TaeHyung,Kim HwanYong 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.42 No.5
터보부호는 반복적인 복호 알고리즘을 사용함으로써 가산성 백색 가우시안 잡음(AWGN) 채널 환경에서 반복복호가 진행됨에 따라 BER 성능이 샤논 한계에 가까운 성능을 보이는 오류정정 방식으로 제안되었다. 그러나 터보부호의 복호과정에서 반복 횟수가 증가하게 되면 BER 성능은 향상되지만 다양한 채널환경에서 SNR이 증가할 때 무의미한 반복이 이루어진다. 그러므로 복호 지연이 증가하고 실시간 처리가 어렵다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 적절한 반복 후 중단시킬 수 있는 새로운 알고리즘이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 복호기의 연판정 출력인 LLR 차의 절대 평균값을 이용하여 BER의 손실없이 평균 반복복호 횟수를 감소시킬 수 있는 새로운 반복중단 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘에 대한 모의실험은 MATLAB Tool을 이용하여 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 반복중단에 의한 BER 성능은 제안된 알고리즘과 기존의 알고리즘 모두 최대 반복 횟수의 경우와 거의 차이가 없었다. 하지만 평균 반복복호 횟수는 기존의 반복중단 알고리즘에 비해서 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있었다. It is well known the fact that turbo codes has better performance as the number of iteration and the interleaver size increases in the AWGN channel environment. However, as the number of iteration and the interleaver size are increased, it is required much delay and computation for iterative decoding. Therefore, it is important to devise an efficient criterion to stop the iteration process and prevent unnecessary computations and decoding delay. In this paper, it proposes the efficient iterative decoding stop criterion using the absolute mean value of LLR difference. It is verifying that the proposal iterative decoding stop criterion can be reduced the average iterative decoding number compared to conventional schemes with a negligible degradation of the error performance.
기후변화 시나리오에 근거한 온도상승이 고추의 생육양상 및 과실특성에 미치는 영향
송은영 ( Eunyoung Song ),문경환 ( Kyunghwan Moon ),손인창 ( Inchang Son ),위승환 ( Seunghwan Wi ),김천환 ( Chunhwan Kim ),임찬규 ( Chankyu Lim ),오순자 ( Soonja Oh ) 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.3
본 연구는 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 근거하여 예측되는 온도를 노지채소인 고추에 적용하여 환경제어챔 버에서 재배하였을 때 생육 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 챔버내 온도는 노지고추 주산지인 안동지역의 평년(1971~2000; 30년) 5월 1일부터 7월30일까지의 일평균 기온자료를 토대로 IT (Intraday temperature: 기준온도), IT+2℃, IT+4℃, IT+6℃ 등 4 수준으로 설정하였다. 대조구인 일평균온도보다 고온에서 재배하였을 때 초장도 길었고, 분지수, 엽수와 지상부 생체중과 건물중이 증가하였다. IT+2℃(평균온도 22.8℃)에서 정식 후 30~60일간의 개화수가 가장 많았다. 따라서 개체당 착과수 및 과실 생체중은 IT+2℃에서 가장 많았으며, 그 이상의 온도에서 온도가 높을수록 과중은 적었고 과장도 짧아졌으며 과경도 줄었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 안동지역에서 현재의 일일 온도변화 주기가 유지된다고 가정할 경우, 기후변화시나리오에 따라 온도가 평년기온보다 2℃ 상승하였을 때, 과실 수량이 증가되고 품질도 유지되겠으나, 그 이상의 온도에서는 수확량이 크게 감소할 것으로 예측된다. This study was conducted to determine the impact of temperature elevated based on climate change scenario on growth and fruit quality of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in walk-in plant growth chambers. The intraday temperatures of climate normal years (IT) were determined using intraday mean temperatures of climatic normal years (1971~2000) in the Andong Province during the growing season (May 1~July 30). Red pepper plants were cultivated under different temperatures (starting at IT rise by up to 6℃, 2℃ increment). Plant height, stem diameter, branch number, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight increased under the temperatures higher than IT. The number of flower was the greatest under IT+2℃ (mean temperature at 22.8℃). The total number and the weight of fruits were the highest under IT+2℃. While the fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter decreased more than IT+2℃ as the temperature increased gradually. These results concluded that in condition that the current diurnal temperature change cycle is maintained in Andong area, in accordance with climate change scenarios, when the temperature rise 2℃ higher than intraday temperature of Andong area the quantity of pepper fruits will increase while maintaining quality, but increases more than that degree yields are expected to decrease significantly. This result suggests that the fruit yield could increase under IT+2℃ and fruit quality could maintain great, but the fruit yield could decrease under the temperatures higher than IT+2℃.
생육기 온도상승이 고추의 생육 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향
송은영 ( Eun Young Song ),문경환 ( Kyung Hwan Moon ),손인창 ( In Chang Son ),김천환 ( Chun Hwan Kim ),임찬규 ( Chan Kyu Lim ),손다니엘 ( Daniel Son ),오순자 ( Soonja Oh ) 한국농림기상학회 2014 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.16 No.4
This study was conducted to determine the impact of elevated temperature in growing season on the growth and fruit quality of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by cultivating pepper in the temperature gradient tunnels. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight increased at ambient + 2℃ temperature, whereas each leaf area decreased as temperature increased. The plants grown under ambient + 2℃ temperature showed the greatest number of flower and fruit. Fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter decreased as the temperature increasing gradually. Total fruit number, total fruit weight and total dry fruit weight was the highest at ambient + 2℃ temperature. Major free sugars of red pepper fruit were fructose and glucose. Free sugar content of red pepper according to the differences in harvesting times and in growth temperature showed a little differences. The yield of red pepper fruit at ambient + 2℃ temperature increased by 13% compared with the control. However, the yield of red pepper fruit at ambient + 4℃ temperature decreased by 20% as compared to control. Non-marketable fruits (diseased fruit, malformed fruit and small sized fruit) increased as the temperature rised.