Transcriptionally active TFIIH of the early-diverged eukaryote <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> harbors two novel core subunits but not a cyclin-activating kinase complex

Lee, Ju Huck,Jung, Hyun Suk,Gü,nzl, Arthur Oxford University Press 2009 Nucleic acids research Vol.37 No.11

<P><I>Trypanosoma brucei</I> is a member of the early-diverged, protistan family Trypanosomatidae and a lethal parasite causing African Sleeping Sickness in humans. Recent studies revealed that <I>T. brucei</I> harbors extremely divergent orthologues of the general transcription factors TBP, TFIIA, TFIIB and TFIIH and showed that these factors are essential for initiating RNA polymerase II-mediated synthesis of spliced leader (SL) RNA, a <I>trans</I> splicing substrate and key molecule in trypanosome mRNA maturation. In yeast and metazoans, TFIIH is composed of a core of seven conserved subunits and the ternary cyclin-activating kinase (CAK) complex. Conversely, only four TFIIH subunits have been identified in <I>T. brucei</I>. Here, we characterize the first protistan TFIIH which was purified in its transcriptionally active form from <I>T. brucei</I> extracts. The complex consisted of all seven core subunits but lacked the CAK sub-complex; instead it contained two trypanosomatid-specific subunits, which were indispensable for parasite viability and SL RNA gene transcription. These findings were corroborated by comparing the molecular structures of trypanosome and human TFIIH. While the ring-shaped core domain was surprisingly congruent between the two structures, trypanosome TFIIH lacked the knob-like CAK moiety and exhibited extra densities on either side of the ring, presumably due to the specific subunits.</P>

Changes of cell cycle regulatory proteins expression by adenovirus delivery of p53 in SiHa cervical cancer cell

최주혁 ( Ju Huck Choi ),( Suk Woo Lee ),( Dong Kun Jin ),( Eun Kyung Ji ),( Su Mi Bae ),( Yong Wook Kim ),( Tae Chul Park ),( Joon Mo Lee ),( Sung Eun Namkoong ),( Chong Kook Kim ),( Woong Shick Ahn ) 대한산부인과학회 2004 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.90 No.-

Characteristics of the Gut Microbiome of Healthy Young Male Soldiers in South Korea: The Effects of Smoking

( Hyuk Yoon ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Je Hee Lee ),( Ji Eun Kwon ),( Cheol Min Shin ),( Seung-jo Yang ),( Seung-hwan Park ),( Ju Huck Lee ),( Se Won Kang ),( Jung-sook Lee ),( Byung-yong Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.2

Background/Aims: South Korean soldiers are exposed to similar environmental factors. In this study, we sought to evaluate the gut microbiome of healthy young male soldiers (HYMS) and to identify the primary factors influencing the microbiome composition. Methods: We prospectively collected stool from 100 HYMS and performed next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of fecal bacteria. Clinical data, including data relating to the diet, smoking, drinking, and exercise, were collected. Results: The relative abundances of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were 72.3%, 14.5%, 8.9%, and 4.0%, respectively. Fifteen species, most of which belonged to Firmicutes (87%), were detected in all examined subjects. Using cluster analysis, we found that the subjects could be divided into the two enterotypes based on the gut microbiome bacterial composition. Compared with enterotype 2 subjects, subjects classified as enterotype 1 tended to be characterized by higher frequencies of potentially harmful lifestyle habits (current smoker: 55.6% vs 36.6%, p=0.222; heavy drinker: 16.7% vs 3.7%, p=0.120; insufficient physical activity: 27.8% vs 14.6%, p=0.318). We identified a significant difference in the microbiome compositions of current and noncurrent smokers (p=0.008); the former differed from the latter mainly in a relatively lower abundance of Bifidobacterium species and a higher abundance of Negativicutes. Conclusions: A high abundance of Actinobacteria and low abundance of Bacteroidetes were the main features distinguishing the gut microbiomes of HYMS, and current smokers could be differentiated from noncurrent smokers by their lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and higher abundance of Negativicutes. (Gut Liver 2021;15:243-252)

Characterisation of conformational and functional features of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase E-like protein

Lee, Sangmin,Jeong, Hyeongseop,Lee, Ju Huck,Chung, Jeong Min,Kim, Rumi,Yun, Hyung Joong,Won, Jonghan,Jung, Hyun Suk Elsevier 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.489 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase E (AhpE) is a member of the peroxidase family of enzymes that catalyse the reduction of peroxides, however its structural and functional roles are still unclear in details. In this study, we used the <I>Thermococcus kodakarensis</I> AhpE-like protein as a model to investigate structure–function relationships including the molecular properties of DNA binding activity. Multiple sequence alignment, structural comparison and biochemical analyses revealed that TkAhpE includes conserved peroxidase residues in the active site, and exhibits peroxidase activity with structure-dependent holdase chaperone function. Following electrophoretic mobility shift assays and electron microscopy analysis demonstrated distinctive binding features of TkAhpE to the DNA showing that their dimeric conformer can bind to the double-stranded DNA, but not to the single-stranded DNA, indicating its striking molecular features to double-stranded DNA-specific interactions. Based on our results, we provided that TkAhpE is a multifunctional peroxidase displaying structure-dependent molecular chaperone and DNA binding activities.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase E acts as a multi-functional protein displaying peroxidase, holdase and DNA binding activities. </LI> <LI> Thermococcus kodakarensis AhpE(TkAhpE) exhibits peroxidase activities with structure-dependent holdase chaperone function. </LI> <LI> Recombinant TkAhpE is expressed as two different oligomeric forms, the dimeric and octameric conformers. </LI> <LI> Unlikely an octameric conformer, dimeric state of TkAhpE can bind both double stranded circular and linear DNA molecules. </LI> </UL> </P>

Delivering unemployment benefits in the developmental welfare state : The case of Korea

Huck-ju Kwon,Jooha Lee 한국국정관리학회 2010 한국국정관리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

We have witnessed the growth of the developmental welfare state in Korea for the last decade. While it maintains the developmental orientation in the overall structure, the developmental welfare state introduced a range of programmes to protect those who had been left outside. This paper has examined how such continuity and change were reflected at the local level of implementation where policy objectives are achieved in practice, focusing on the Employment Insurance Programme. This chapter analyses two waves of interviews, the first with local officials in 2005 and the second with unemployment recipients in 2010. All in all, our analysis presents a mixed picture. There has been a steady progress in terms of the range of social protection but in terms of inclusion and equal access to welfare falls short of achieving the new policy goals, protecting the unemployed. Nevertheless it is true that there has been positive development in these fronts as well. If there are continual policy efforts to address these short-falls, the developmental welfare state will be more inclusive while maintaining its developmental credentials.

무상보육정책이 영유아 자녀 양육비용 지출에 미친 영향 분석

이채정(Lee, Chae Jeong),권혁주(Kwon, Huck Ju) 서울행정학회 2017 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.28 No.3

본 연구는 한국복지패널 7차년도(2011년)와 11차년도(2015년) 자료를 활용하여 무상보육 실시 이전과 이후 영유아 양육가구의 자녀양육비 지출이 어떻게 변화하였으며, 그러한 변화를 유발한 요인이 무엇인가를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 저소득가구(1분위)는 무상보육 이전과 이후 모두 자녀양육비 지출 수준이 다른 소득계층에 비하여 높았고, 고소득가구(5분위)는 무상보육 이후 시설외보육비용을 중심으로 자녀양육비 지출이 증가하였다. 또한, 무상보육 실시 이후 가구의 소득수준이 높을수록 통계적으로 유의미하게 엔젤지수가 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 현행 보육정책이 부모의 노동시간과 시설보육서비스 제공시간의 불일치에 따른 돌봄공백을 축소하지 못하여 저소득가구의 자녀양육부담을 경감하지 못하였으며, 무상보육정책이 고소득가구의 시설보육외비용 지출 증가를 촉발하여 소득계층에 따른 자녀양육방식의 차이를 발생시킬 수 있음을 의미한다. 요컨대, 무상보육은 당초 목표대로 영유아 양육가구의 자녀양육부담을 경감했다기보다는 가구별 소득수준에 따른 정책효과의 차이로 인하여 소득계층 간 자녀양육의 질적 차이를 야기하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 향후 보다 면밀한 분석을 토대로, 소득계층과 맞벌이여부, 부모의 근무형태 등을 반영하여 보육료를 지원하는 방식으로 보육정책을 개편하는 방안 등을 검토해 볼 필요가 있다. This study analyzes the change in family’s child support expenses with a child under the age of five by comparing the before and after of the expansion of childcare subsidy and figure out reasons of the change of child support expenses in households. To accommodate the study, data collected from the 2011’s 7th and 2015’s 11th wave of Korean Welfare Panel Study were utilized. As a result, the child support expenses of the lower income family(the bottom 20 percent) were higher than other income group before and after the childcare subsidy expansion in 2013. In the case of the higher income family(the top 20 percent), the child support expenses, especially the cost for private childcare not using the day-care centers and kindergartens, which can use the governmental childcare subsidy, was increased after the childcare subsidy expansion. In addition, after the expansion of the childcare subsidy, the angel coefficient of household was inclined statistically significant as the income level of family is increased. It implies that the childcare policy based on the expansion of childcare subsidy cannot lessen the individual households’ burden of child caring of lower income family since the care deficit did not mitigate due to the discord of parents’ working hours and childcare service hours provided by day-care centers and kindergartens. Moreover, the expansion of childcare subsidy triggers the private childcare expenses of higher income family and it might bring the difference of child rearing according to the income level of households. To sum up, the expansion of childcare subsidy might not accomplish the policy goal which was lessening the child caring burden of families with children under aged five. It tends to incur the difference of quality in child rearing among income level because of the different policy impact in association with different income level of families.

새로운 국제개발협력 정책의 모색 : 3차 국제개발협력기본계획 수립을 위한 제언

권혁주(Huck-ju Kwon),김태균(Taekyoon Kim),김성규(Sung Gyu Kim),김은주(Eunju Kim),이수연(Suyeon Lee) 국제개발협력학회 2020 국제개발협력연구 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: Despite significant improvements in terms of ODA institutions and policies since Korea’s accession to the OECD/DAC in 2010, there have emerged various weaknesses and shortcomings in Korea’s international development cooperation system such as fragmentation, ineffectiveness and low transparency. The study aims to analyze those weaknesses and shortcomings and provide policy recommendations for improvement. Originality: From the analytical perspective of the rational policy model, this study examines policy goals, implementation system, and performance evaluation of Korea’s international development cooperation system. The findings will be important contributions to the upcoming discussions on the 3rd Mid-term Strategy for Development Cooperation. Methodology: The study analyzes official documents, publications, and statistics of the Korean government over the past decade, and in-depth interviews conducted with experts from government, academic and civil society in the field. Result: Due to the fragmented structure of Korea’s ODA policy and implementation, some negative outcomes such as project overlaps and confusions and insolvency have occurred in the ODA delivery process. The more fundamental problem arises from the ambiguity embedded within the basic ideology and goals of international development cooperation of Korea. Because of such ambiguity the multiple ODA implementing agencies have difficulties of aligning their programs with the overall policy goals, resulting in low degrees of effectiveness, transparency and accountability. Conclusion and Implication: The study suggests that the Korean government should pursue universal values of human freedom, economic/social development and global sustainability in international development policy while also maintaining her comparative advantages such as rapid economic development and democratization. It also suggests that the Korean government should enhance the policy rationality and coherence when establishing the 3rd Mid-term Strategy for Development Cooperation. Lastly, the study emphasizes the importance of building partnership with the private sector and civil society in order to enhance development effectiveness. 연구목적: 우리나라는 2010년 OECD/DAC가입 이후 국제개발협력 분야에서 많은 개선을 이루었지만, 제도·정책 측면에서 원조의 분절화, 개발효과성 실현 및 성과평가의 체계화 등 여러 취약점을 노정하고 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 국제개발협력정책이 가지고 있는 문제점과 그 원인을 파악하고 개선방안을 제시한다. 연구의 중요성: 한국의 국제개발협력정책이 가지고 있는 취약점과 한계를 합리적 정책모형에 따라 정책목적, 이행체제, 성과평가를 분석한다. 이를 통해 향후 한국 정부가 3차 기본계획을 수립함에 있어 일관성 있는 정책으로 개발효과성을 제고할 수 있도록 제도개선 방향을 제시하는 실천적 중요성을 가진다. 연구방법론: 본 연구는 2010년 OECD/DAC에 가입 후 지난 10년간의 대한민국정부의 공식문서와 간행물 그리고 공식적인 통계자료를 분석하였으며, 이와 더불어 정부, 학계 그리고 현장 전문가들과 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연구결과: ODA 시행기관이 나뉘어 있는 현재의 분절화된 추진체계가 유지되면서 기관 간 원조중복, 전달체계 혼선, 사업부실화 등 여러 부작용이 발생하였다. 보다 근본적인 취약성은 한국만의 국제개발협력의 철학과 가치가 불분명한 것으로, 이로 인해 시행목표, 추진방향, 주요정책과제 선정 등 하위단계에 대한 명확한 방향성과 체계가 마련되지 못하고 있다. 이는 한국의 개발효과성, 투명성, 책무성을 제고하는데 한계로 작용한다. 결론 및 시사점: 제3차 기본계획을 수립함에 있어 국제개발협력의 보편적 가치를 설정함과 동시에 한국적 정체성이 조화되어야 함을 강조한다. 정책과 집행의 과정에서 연계성과 정합성을 제고하는 것의 필요함을 제시하고, 정부 이외의 민간부분, 시민사회 등 다양한 개발주체의 역할과 참여를 통해 개발 파트너십을 구축하며, 이를 통해 정책의 효과성을 제고해야 함을 강조한다.

WRKY group Ⅱd transcription factors interact with calmodulin

Park, Chan-Young,Lee, Ju-Huck,Yoo, Jae-Hyuk,Moon, Byeong-Cheol,Choi, Man-Soo,Kang, Yun-Hwan,Lee, Sang-Min,Kim, Ho-Soo,Kang, Kyu-Young,Chung, Woo-Sik,,Lim, Chae-Oh,Cho, Moo-Je Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca^(2+)-binding protein known to regulate diverse cellular functions by modulating the activity of various target proteins. We isolated a cDNA encoding AtWRKY7, a novel CaM-binding transcription factor, from an Arabidopsis expression library with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated CaM. CaM binds specifically to the Ca^(2+)-dependent CaM-binding domain (CaMBD) of AtWRKY7, as shown by site-directed mutagenesis, a gel mobility shift assay, a split-ubiquitin assay, and a competition assay using a Ca^(2+)/CaM-dependent enzyme. Furthermore, we show that the CaMBD of AtWRKY7 is a conserved structural motif (C-motif) found in group Ⅱd of the WRKY protein family. ⓒ 2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

한국 민주주의 공고화와 시민의 정치인식 -설문조사 자료를 중심으로-

이명석 ( Myung Suk Lee ),권혁주 ( Huck Ju Kwon ),강근복 ( Keun Bock Kang ),박근후 ( Keun Hoo Park ),최영훈 ( Young Hoon Choi ) 한국의회발전연구회 2001 의정연구 Vol.11 No.-

Mediterraneibacter butyricigenes sp. nov., a butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from human faeces

Kim, Ji-Sun,Lee, Keun Chul,Suh, Min Kuk,Han, Kook-Il,Eom, Mi Kyung,Lee, Ju Huck,Park, Seung-Hwan,Kang, Se Won,Park, Jam-Eon,Oh, Byeong Seob,Yu, Seung Yeob,Choi, Seung-Hyeon,Lee, Dong Ho,Yoon, Hyuk,Kim MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2019 JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY -SEOUL- Vol.57 No.1