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Simplified approach for symbol error rate analysis of SC‐FDMA scheme over Rayleigh fading channel
Vinay Kumar Trivedi,Madhusudan Kumar Sinha,Preetam Kumar 한국전자통신연구원 2018 ETRI Journal Vol.40 No.4
In this paper, we present a comprehensive analytical study of the symbol error rate (SER) of single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) with zero‐forcing frequency domain equalization (ZF‐FDE) over a Rayleigh fading channel. SC‐FDMA is considered as a potential waveform candidate for fifth‐generation (5G) radio access networks (RANs). First, the NC fold convolution of the noise distribution of an orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) system is computed for each value of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in order to determine the noise distribution of the SC‐FDMA system. NC is the number of subcarriers assigned to a user or the size of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) precoding. Here, we present a simple alternative method of calculating the SER by simplifying the NC fold convolution using time and amplitude scaling properties. The effects of the NC fold convolution and SNR over the computation of the SER of the SC‐FDMA system has been separated out. As a result, the proposed approach only requires the computation of the NC fold convolution once, and it is used for different values of SNR to calculate the SER of SC‐FDMA systems.
Data Hiding approach based on Eight-Queens Problem and Pixel Mapping Method
Abhishek Bansal,Sunil Kumar Muttoo,Vinay Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5
A new steganographic algorithm is presented using pixel mapping method based on eight queens and number of ones in pixel intensity value. In our method, we are sequentially selecting 81 pixel blocks to embed message bit. The method works with randomizing the bit selection in the 81 pixel block using eight queens’ solutions. This approach finds relationship between secret message and cover image according to the pixel mapping table. In this paper, we have presented a secure image steganography technique with acceptable levels of imperceptibility and distortion in the cover image. In presenting algorithm, security is considered by the randomize selection of eight queen’s solutions based on a seed value. The presented algorithm not only provides high level security, but also produces high capacity and good imperceptibility. The algorithm has been tested with different image file formats like BMP, TIFF and PNG.
Heating and phyiso-mechanical characteristics of porous spinel developed by Starch
Kumar Saurav,Manas Ranjan Majhi,Vinay Kumar Singh 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.10
Among the techniques used to produce these materials (such as the addition of foaming agents and organic compounds), thepore generation via phase transformation presents key aspects, such as easy processing and the absence of toxic volatiles. Inthis study, this technique was applied to produce porous ceramics by decomposing an EX potato known as starch soluble(C6H10O5)n. Porous MgO ceramics prepared at different sintering temperatures is studied. Porous MgO was synthesis byheating pellets at 1100 oC for 1hr. The resultant porous MgO was then immersed in an 10 mol/L aluminium nitrate solution,dried, and reheated at 1300 oC for 2 hrs to convert it to spinel. The method results from generalized relations that weredesigned for study of physical properties of fractal structures. As it is shown these relations are in a good agreement with theequations used for the description of time responses of temperature for the pulse input of supplied heat. The volume fractionof porosity can be defined as the fraction of void space relative to the apparent total bulk volume of the sample. Porosity inmaterials originates from different processing and synthesis routes.
Vinay Kumar Jadoun,Nikhil Gupta,Khaleequr Rehman Niazi,Anil Swarnkar 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.5
This paper presents an Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) to solve short-term hydrothermal scheduling (STHS) problem with non-convex fuel cost function and a variety of operational constraints related to hydro and thermal units. The operators of the conventional PSO are dynamically controlled using exponential functions for better exploration and exploitation of the search space. The overall methodology efficiently regulates the velocity of particles during their flight and results in substantial improvement in the conventional PSO. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been tested for STHS of two standard test generating systems while considering several operational constraints like system power balance constraints, power generation limit constraints, reservoir storage volume limit constraints, water discharge rate limit constraints, water dynamic balance constraints, initial and end reservoir storage volume limit constraints, valve-point loading effect, etc. The application results show that the proposed EPSO method is capable to solve the hard combinatorial constraint optimization problems very efficiently.
Vinay Kumar Banka,김영주,이윤상,정재민 대한방사성의약품학회 2020 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.6 No.2
[99mTc]Tc-Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) is currently used as a regional cerebral blood flow imaging agent for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The HMPAO ligand exists in two isomeric forms: d,l and meso showing different properties in vivo. Later studies indicated that brain uptake patterns of 99mTc-complexes formed from separated enantiomers differed. Separation of enantiomers is difficult by fractional crystallizations method. Usually, the substance is obtained in low chemical yield in a time-consuming procedure. Furthermore, the final product still contains some impurity. So we have developed new efficient route for synthesis of R,R - and S,S -HMPAO enantiomeric compounds in 6-steps. Nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions of 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine either with S- (1a) or R-methyl-2-chloropropanoate (1b) were performed to produce compounds R,R- (2a) or S,S -isomer (2b) derivatives protected with benzylchloroformate (Cbz), respectively. And then Weinreb amide and methylation reaction using Grignard reagent, oxime formation with ketone group and deprotectiion of Cbz group by hydrogenolysis gave S,S- (7a) or R,R-HMPAO (7b), respectively. Entaniomeric compounds were synthesied with high yield and purity without any undesired product. The 7a or 7b kits containing 10 µg SnCl2-2H2O were labeled with 99mTc with high radiolabeling yield (90%).
Vinay Kumar Pandey,Anjali Tripathi,Shivangi Srivastava,Aamir Hussain Dar,Rahul Singh,Alvina Farooqui,Sneha Pandey 한국식품과학회 2023 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.32 No.7
Fruits are an abundant source of minerals and nutrients. High nutritional value and easy-to-consume property have increased its demand. In a way to fulfil this need, farmers have increased production, thus making it available for consumers in various regions. This distribution of fruits to various regions deals with many associated problems like deterioration and spoilage. In a way, the common practices that are being used are stored at low temperatures, preservation with chemicals, and many more. Recently, edible coating has emerged as a promising preservation technique to combat the above-mentioned problems. Edible coating stands for coating fruits with bioactive compounds which maintains the nutritional characteristics of fruit and also enhances the shelf life. The property of edible coating to control moisture loss, solute movement, gas exchange, and oxidation makes it most suitable to use. Preservation is uplifted by maintaining the nutritional and physicochemical properties of fruits with the effectiveness of essential oils. The essential oil contains antioxidant, antimicrobial, flavor, and probiotic properties. The utilization of essential oil in the edible coating has increased the property of coating. This review includes the process of extraction, potential benefits and applications of essential oils in food industry.