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Tatsuya Seki,Ichiro Kitao,Kenichiro Shibata,Hiroshi Gemma 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.2
In March 1997, we developed a new training method, called ‘tree joint training system’, for Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) in order to realize early maturing orchard and labor saving management. This method is based on grafting, joining many trees and creating one linearly congregated tree. In this system, however, trees become more vigorous than an individual tree. One effective method of vigor control is to cut off some of the main stems in the congregated trees. We have investigated the appropriate season for cutting off the main stem by monitoring physiological parameters and sap flow in the joined trees. From May to October in 2007, the effects of cutting off the stem of central tree of three ‘Kosui’ joined trees on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were investigated. When cutting was done in May and July, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate at the central tree immediately showed drastic reduction, and leaves of the central tree were wilted, while no clear effect was observed in the top and bottom trees, suggesting that short term effect on production and water status by cutting off stem of the central one occurs only in the central tree, not in the adjacent trees. In the cutting treatment of September and October, there was very little reduction in transpiration rate in all the joined trees, suggesting that there might be very little short term effect. Flow rate of joined trees in late October after cutting stem off was investigated. Immediately after cutting, flow rate of the central tree rapidly reduced from 32 to 0 gㆍh?¹ in 1 h, but no clear change was seen in the top and bottom trees. There was no visible change in leaves of the pear trees. Thus, soon after joining, in the spring and summer, cutting off treatment would sharply affect the transpiration and water status of the tree; however in the late fall, short term effect was limited because leaf activity was relatively low, though the sap flow was affected. In conclusion, season of cutting off the stem for vigor control in the end of September through the end of October might be appropriate for avoiding short term stresses.
Koh Kitagawa,Akira Mitoro,Takahiro Ozutsumi,Masanori Furukawa,Yukihisa Fujinaga,Kenichiro Seki,Norihisa Nishimura,Yasuhiko Sawada,Kosuke Kaji,Hideto Kawaratani,Hiroaki Takaya,Kei Moriya,Tadashi Namisa 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.3
Background/Aims: Covered self-expandable metallic stents (CMSs) are widely used for malignant distal biliary obstructions (MDBOs)caused by pancreatic carcinoma. This study compared the efficacy and safety of the laser-cut-type and braided-type CMSs. Methods: To palliate MDBOs caused by pancreatic carcinoma, the laser-cut-type CMSs was used from April 2014 to March 2017, andthe braided-type CMSs was used from April 2017 to March 2019. The tested self-expandable metallic stents were equipped with differentanti-migration systems. Results: In total, 47 patients received CMSs for MDBOs (24 laser-cut type, 23 braided-type). The time to recurrent biliary obstruction(TRBO) was significantly longer in the braided-type CMSs (p=0.0008), and the median time to stent dysfunction or patient death was141 and 265 days in the laser-cut-type CMSs and braided-type CMSs, respectively (p=0.0023). Stent migration was the major cause ofstent dysfunction in both groups, which occurred in 37.5% of the laser-cut-type CMSs and 13.0% of the braided-type CMSs. Therewere no differences in the survival duration between the groups. Conclusions: The TRBO was significantly longer for the braided-type CMSs with an anti-migration system than for the laser-cut-type. Stent migration tended to be less frequent with the braided-type CMSs than with the laser-cut-type CMSs.
Shinya Sato,Kei Moriya,Masanori Furukawa,Soichiro Saikawa,Tadashi Namisaki,Mitsuteru Kitade,Hideto Kawaratani,Kosuke Kaji,Hiroaki Takaya,Naotaka Shimozato,Yasuhiko Sawada,Kenichiro Seki,Koh Kitagawa,T 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.1
Background/Aims: L-carnitine not only alleviates hyperammonemia and reduces muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis, but also improves anemia in patients with chronic hepatitis and renal dysfunction. This study prospectively evaluated the preventative efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation against hemolytic anemia during antiviral treatment using ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic liver disease. Methods: A total of 41 patients with chronic hepatitis were consecutively enrolled in this study. Group A (n=22) received sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 3 months, whereas group B (n=19) was treated with sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and L-carnitine. Hemoglobin concentration changes, the effects of antiviral treatment, and the health status of patients were analyzed using short form-8 questionnaires. Results: A significantly smaller decrease in hemoglobin concentration was observed in group B compared to group A at every time point. Moreover, the prescribed dose intensity of ribavirin in group B was higher than that of group A, resulting in a higher ratio of sustained virological response (SVR) 24 in group B compared with group A. The physical function of patients in group B was also significantly improved compared to group A at the end of antiviral treatment. Conclusions: L-carnitine supplementation alleviates ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia in patients with HCV and helps relieve the physical burden of treatment with ribavirin-containing regimens. These advantages significantly increase the likelihood of achieving SVR.