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Ellipso-Microscopic Observation of Titanium Surface under UV-Light Irradiation
( K. Fushimi ),( K. Kurauchi ),( T. Nakanishi ),( Y. Hasegawa ),( M. Ueda ),( T. Ohtsuka ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2016 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.15 No.6
The ellipso-microscopic observation of a titanium surface undergoing anodization in 0.05 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was conducted. During irradiation by ultra-violet (UV) light with a wavelength of 325 nm, the titanium surface allowed for the flow of a photo-induced current and showed up as a bright, patch-like image on an ellipso-microscopic view. The brightness and patch-pattern in the image changed with flowing photo-induced current. The changes in the brightness and the image corresponded to the formation and/or degradation of titanium oxide due to the photo-electrochemical reaction of the oxide. An in situ monitoring using the ellipso-microscope revealed that the film change was dependent on the irradiation light power, by UV-light increases the anodic current and results in the initiation of pitting at lower potentials as compared with the non-irradiated condition.
Goto, K.,Kajihara, Y.,Kosaka, S.,Koba, M.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K.,Oku, T.,Fujiyama, M.,Yoshida, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.4
Bovine blastocysts were obtained by totally in-vitro technique and then transferred to recipient cows. Total of 15 calves (including 4 premature calves) were obtained from 11 recipients. Four calves were obtained from the transfers of fresh blastocysts and 9 calves were obtained from the transfers of frozen-thawed blastocysts. Two calves were obtained from the bisected fresh blastocyst. The males and 5 females were delivered. Birth weight of calves was within normal range except one female, and all calves appeared to be completely normal.
Goto, K.,Kajihara, Y.,Koba, M.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1988 Animal Bioscience Vol.1 No.3
Bovine blastocysts were obtained by in-vitro culture of embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in-vitro. These blastocysts and blastocysts from inseminated donors were bisected by a simple method (without a holding pipette) using a microblade operated by a micromanipulator. A pair of demi-embryos was transferred nonsurgically into each uterine horn of a recipient cow 6 or 8 days after estrus. Pregnancy resulted from the third transfer. Ultrasound examination done 52 days after estrus (46 days after transfer) confirmed the presence of at least one fetus in the each uterine horn. This is the first report to show the viability of bisected bovine blastocysts obtained from in-vitro culture of embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in-vitro. In addition, a simple method to bisect bovine embryos is described.
CLEAVAGE OF MOUSE OOCYTES AFTER THE INJECTION OF IMMOBILIZED, KILLED SPERMATOZOA
Goto, K.,Kinoshita, A.,Kuroda, A.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1991 Animal Bioscience Vol.4 No.3
Immobilized (killed) mouse spermatozoa or sperm head were microinjected into mouse oocytes matured in vivo and cultured for 72h in vitro. When non-capacitated spermatozoon was injected, oocytes that developed to $${\geq_-}$$ 2-cell and $${\geq_-}$$ 4-cell was 27.8 (15/54) and 3.7% (2/54), respectively. When non-capacitated sperm head was injected. development to $${\geq_-}$$ 2-cell and $${\geq_-}$$ 4-cell was 21.3 (16/75) and 8.0% (6/75), respectively. When capacitated spermatozoon was injected, development to $${\geq_-}$$ 2-cell and $${\geq_-}$$ 4-cell was 21.4 (15/70) and 4.3% (3/70), respectively. When capacitated sperm head was injected, development to $${\geq_-}$$ 2-cell and $${\geq_-}$$ 4-cell was 29.9 (35/117) and 10.3% (12/117), respectively. In contrast, none developed beyond 4-cell in the sham-operated group. The results of this study demonstrated that mouse oocytes matured in vivo can undergo normal appearing cleavage to 4-cell stage by dead-sperm injection. Sperm treatment prior to injection did not affect the ability of mouse oocytes to cleave in vitro.
CO-CULTURE OF BOVINE EMBRYOS WITH CUMULUS CELLS
Goto, K.,Koba, M.,Takuma, Y.,Nakanishi, Y.,Ogawa, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.4
Bovine embryos/ova obtained from in-vitro fertilization were either co-cultured on a monolayer of bovine cumulus cells or cultured in medium alone. Embryos/ova co-cultured with cumulus cells developed to 8-cell (30.9%), morula (29.8%) and blastocyst stages (26.6%) after 3-4, 5-6, and 7-8 days of culture, respectively, while embryos/ova cultured in medium alone failed to develop beyond 8-cell (0-13.3%), morula (0-1.5%) and blastocyst stages (0%). The results of this study demonstrated the beneficial effect of cumulus cells on the development of bovine embryos.
Togashi, K.,Hagiya, K.,Osawa, T.,Nakanishi, T.,Yamazaki, T.,Nagamine, Y.,Lin, C.Y.,Matsumoto, S.,Aihara, M.,Hayasaka, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.8
We first sought to clarify the effects of discounted rate, survival rate, and lactation persistency as a component trait of the selection index on net merit, defined as the first five lactation milks and herd life (HL) weighted by 1 and 0.389 (currently used in Japan), respectively, in units of genetic standard deviation. Survival rate increased the relative economic importance of later lactation traits and the first five lactation milk yields during the first 120 months from the start of the breeding scheme. In contrast, reliabilities of the estimated breeding value (EBV) in later lactation traits are lower than those of earlier lactation traits. We then sought to clarify the effects of applying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on net merit to improve the reliability of EBV of later lactation traits to maximize their increased economic importance due to increase in survival rate. Net merit, selection accuracy, and HL increased by adding lactation persistency to the selection index whose component traits were only milk yields. Lactation persistency of the second and (especially) third parities contributed to increasing HL while maintaining the first five lactation milk yields compared with the selection index whose only component traits were milk yields. A selection index comprising the first three lactation milk yields and persistency accounted for 99.4% of net merit derived from a selection index whose components were identical to those for net merit. We consider that the selection index comprising the first three lactation milk yields and persistency is a practical method for increasing lifetime milk yield in the absence of data regarding HL. Applying SNP to the second- and third-lactation traits and HL increased net merit and HL by maximizing the increased economic importance of later lactation traits, reducing the effect of first-lactation milk yield on HL (genetic correlation ($r_G$) = -0.006), and by augmenting the effects of the second- and third-lactation milk yields on HL ($r_G$ = 0.118 and 0.257, respectively).
Factors controlling typhoons and storm rain on the Korean Peninsula during the Little Ice Age
Katsuki, K.,Yang, D. Y.,Seto, K.,Yasuhara, M.,Takata, H.,Otsuka, M.,Nakanishi, T.,Yoon, Y.,Um, I. K.,Cheung, R. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Journal of paleolimnology Vol.55 No.1
<P>Documenting multi-decadal typhoon and storm-rain variability is useful to prevent future typhoon and flood disasters. We present the history of typhoon and storm-rain activity in East Asia inferred from multi-proxy analyses of Lagoon Hwajin-po sediments along the eastern coast of Korea. Anthropogenic effects were enhanced in Lagoon Hwajin-po since ca. AD 1900, by increasing farming in the catchment. To avoid these human-induced effects, we reconstructed the history of typhoon and storm-rain activity only for the interval AD 1400-1900. The record indicates that typhoon frequency throughout the Korean Peninsula varied in response to the state of the El Nio/Southern Oscillation. Typhoon variability was likely modulated further by the state of the East Asia summer monsoon (EASM) pattern, associated with variation in the magnitude of solar irradiance. During periods of minimum solar activity, such as the early Maunder Minimum (AD 1650-1675), typhoons struck the east China coast and Korean Peninsula more frequently because of a strengthened EASM.</P>
A Cu(1 1 1)(√3 X √3)R30° -Sb structure by impact collision ion-scattering spectroscopy
K.Umezawa,H.Takaoka,S.Hirayama,S.Nakanishi,W.M.Gibson 한국물리학회 2003 Current Applied Physics Vol.3 No.1
We have investigated the structures of Cu(111)(p3 .p3)R30.-Sb using time of ight-impact collision ion-scattering spec-troscopy. The experimental data and computer simulations support a structural model for the Cu(111)(p3 .p3)R30.-Sb structurein which Sb atoms displace up to 1=3 of the rst layer of Cu atoms and incorporate them into the rst Cu layer with the Sb atomsdisplaced outward 0.40.A with respect to the rst-layer Cu atoms. The outermost rst layer of Sb and Cu atoms shift from fcc- tohcp-hollow sites (only the top layer of Sb and Cu atoms occupies hcp hollow sites).. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.