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이정우,강공언,김희강,김정규 조선대학교 환경연구소 1993 環境公害硏究 Vol.10 No.-
To analyze the factor which affects acidity of rainwater in Seoul metropolitan areas, the precipitation data was collected for twelve months, from January 1991 to December 1991. The annual average of pH in Seoul is 5.4, while the levels in the vicinity of Seoul range from pH 5.7 to 6.3. The frequency of samples of which pH exceed 5.6 represents 74% in Seoul, and in surrounding cities are in the range of 10% to 40%. The total soluble ionic contents of rainwater are shown in the following order. SO_(4)^(2-) > Ca^(2+)> NH_(4)^(+) > C1^(-) > Na^(+) > NO_(3)^(-) > Mg^(2+) > K^(+) > H^(+). The portion of SO_(4)^(2-), NO_(3)^(-), and C1^(-) among total anions represents 65%. 14%, and 21%, respectively. From this result, it is shown that SO_(4)^(2-) has the highest contribution to the total acidity. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and pH of rainwater shows -0.66, while the coefficient between ambient concentration of nitrogen dioxide and pH is 0.35. It is indicated that pH of rainwater primarily depends on ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and the used amount of coal briquet is 0.85, and it is concluded that rain acidity is very affected by the use amount of briquet.
김우진 ( Woo Jin Kim ),이희영 ( Hui Young Lee ),이승준 ( Seung Joon Lee ),정세희 ( Se Hui Jung ),육종설 ( Jong Seol Yuk ),하권수 ( Kwon Soo Ha ),정기석 ( Ki Suck Jung ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2006 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.60 No.4
연구배경 : 클라미디아 감염의 진단은 혈청검사로 이루어진다. 현재 표준 방법은 MIF(microimmunofluorescence)이나 이 방법은 주관적이고 시간이 많이 걸리는 단점이 있다. 최근을 SPR(surface plasmon resonance) 센서를 이용한 단백질 칩이 감염의 새로운 진단 방법으로 제시되고 있다. 클라미디아 감염의 진단을 위한 단백질 칩 개발을 위하여 금 칩 표면에 세균을 고정하고 클라미디아 균에 대한 항체와 표면 위 세균과의 반응을 SPR 센서를 이용하여 측정하고자 하였다. 방법 : 표면 항원으로 배양한 Chlamydophila pneumoniae LKK1의 EB를 정제하였다. 양전하를 띤 PDDA(polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride)를 이용하여 전하를 이용한 단백질 칩을 제작하였다. 클라미디아 균을 고정시킨 후에 atomic force microscopy를 이용하여 표면을 관찰하였다. 클라미디아 균에 대한 항체를 투여하고 나서 자체 제작한 SPR 센서를 이용하여 항원 항체 반응을 SPR 파장 변화로 측정하였다. 결과 : 양전하를 띤 PDDA 표면위에서 클라미디아 균이 고정되었음을 확인 하였다. 그리고 항체를 투여한 후에 SPR 파장의 증가를 확인하였다. 파장 변화는 항원의 농도와 관련이 있었다. 결론 : 전하를 이용하여 클라미디아 폐렴균의 EB를 단백질 칩에 고정하였고, 단백질 칩 위에서의 항원 항체 반응을 확인하였다. 비정형 폐렴의 진단에 SPR 센서가 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되나, 실제 임상 시료에의 적용을 위해서는 좀더 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background; The diagnosis of chlamydial infection is based on serology. The current gold standard of diagnosis is MIF(microimmunofluorescence), but this modality is subjective and time-consuming. Protein microarray with using a SPR(surface plasmon resonance) sensor has recently been suggested as a method for detecting infection. For developing a protein chip to diagnose chlamydial infection, EBs(elementary bodies) were immobilized on a gold chip and the interaction between an antibody for Chlamydophila pneumoniae and the EBs(elementary bodies) immobilized on the surface of the gold chip was measured by using an SPR sensor. Methods; For the surface antigen, the EBs of Chlamydophila pneumoniae LKK1 were purified. Charged arrays were prepared by using PDDA(polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride) which has a positive charge. After immobilization of the chlamydial EBs on the PDDA surface, the investigation of the surface was done with using atomic force microscopy. After the antibody for C. pneumoniae was applied on chip, we monitored the SPR wavelength-shift to detect any antigen-antibody interaction with using a self-assembled SPR sensor. Results; The chlamydial EBs on the positively charged PDDA were visible on the surface with using atomic force microscopy. The SPR wavelength increased after interaction of antibody for C. pneumoniae with the EBs immobilized on charged gold surface. The wavelength-shift was correlated with the concentration of antigens. Conclusion; The surface immobilization of EBs on the gold surface with the charged arrays was identified and the antigen-antibody interaction on the gold chip was detected via the SPR sensor. Further investigations are needed to apply this technique to the clinical field. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 60: 412-418)
퍼지제어와 신경회로망을 이용한 IPMSM 드라이브의 고성능 제어
백정우(Jung-Woo Baek),고재섭(Jae-Sub Ko),최정식(Jung-Sik Choi),강성준(Sung-Joon Kang),장미금(Mi-Geum Jang),문주희(Ju-Hui Mun),정철호(Chul-Ho Jung),정동화(Dong-Hwa Chung) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
The precise speed control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM) drive becomes a complex issue due to nonlinear coupling among its winding currents and the rotor speed as well as the nonlinear electromagnetic developed torque. Therefore, there needs control method that can be demonstrated high performance about verity operating condition. This paper is proposed design of high performance controller of IPMSM drive using FLC and NNC. Also, This paper is proposed of designing fuzzy neural network controller (FNNC) which adopts the fuzzy logic to the artificial neural network(ANN). The performance of proposed controller was demonstrated through response results. The results confirm that the proposed controller is high performance and robust under the variation of load torque and parameters.
연안오염퇴적물에 주입한 생물활성촉진제의 깊이가 생물정화효율에 미치는 영향
우정희(Jung Hui Woo),수바(Bakthavachallam Subha),송영채(Young Chae Song) 한국항해항만학회 2015 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.39 No.4
실험실 규모의 관 실험을 통하여 연안오염퇴적물의 생물정화 효능에 대한 생물활성촉진제 주입 깊이의 영향을 평가하였다. 생물활성촉진제를 실험관에 충진 된 오염퇴적물의 표면과 표면으로부터 3cm, 6cm, 10cm 위치에 주입한 후 1개월 및 3개월 후 퇴적물의 유기물 및 중금속의 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 시험 오염퇴적물의 화학적 산소요구량, 총고형물 및 휘발성고형물 함량은 생물활성촉진제를 주입하지 않은 대조구에 비해 1개월 후 및 3개월 후에서 크게 감소하였으며, 생물활성촉진제 주입 깊이 3cm에서 최대값을 보였다. 그러나, 오염퇴적물에 주입한 생물활성촉진제의 깊이를 6cm 및 10cm로 증가하였을 때 유기오염물질 감량정도는 점차 감소하였다. 중금속 존재형태변화는 생물활성촉진제주입 깊이 3cm에서 안정한 형태인 유기물 결합분율과 광물내 잔류분율이 현저하게 증가하였다. 오염퇴적물의 현장생물정화를 위한 최적의 생물활성촉진제 주입 깊이는 퇴적물의 상부 표면으로부터 3cm로 평가되었다. This study investigated the optimum depth for the application of bioremediation in contaminated coastal sediment using a lab scale column experiment. The biostimulants were placed in the top surface of the sediment facing seawater, 3cm, 6cm and 10cm of the depth from the surface, respectibely. During the experiment, the changes of organic pollutants and heavy metal fractions in the sediment were monitored in 1 month and 3month time intervals. The organic pollutants found during various analysis such as chemical oxygen demand, total solids and volatile solids, significantly reduced when the depth of the biostimulant was 3cm or less. In contrast, at a depth of over 6cm, the reduction of organic pollutants decreased, and the results were similar to the control. Heavy metals fractions in the sediment also changed with the depth of the biostimulants. The exchangeable fraction of the metals was quite reduced at the sediment surface in the column, but the organic bound and residual fractions considerably increased at a depth of 3cm. Based on this study, the optimum biostimulants depth for in-situ bioremediation of contaminant coastal sediment is 3cm from the sediment surface.