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비선형 오일러 방정식을 이용한 소비의 유동성제약 검정 : Nonlinear Euler Equation Approach
南周廈,呂俊炯 한국국제경제학회 2003 국제경제연구 Vol.9 No.3
본 연구는 유동성제약에 관한 기존의 연구와는 달리 소비의 기간간 최적화를 나타내는 비선형 오일러 방정식(nonlinear Euler equation)을 도출한 후 비선형 오일러 방정식 자체를 패널 일반화 적률법(panel GMM: panel generalized method of moments)을 사용하여 유동성 제약 검정을 시도하였다. 1993년부터 1998사이의 패널가구자료와 일반화 적률법을 사용한 실증분석 결과에 의하면 전체가구의 경우 유동성제약을 포함시킨 모형이 적합한 것으로 분석되었으며, 전게가구를 금융자산과 근로소득 기준에 의해 세분화한 실증분석에서는 근로소득 및 주택자산 대비 순금융자산의 보유비중이 높은 가구는 유동성제약에 직면하지 않으나 근로소득 및 주택자산 대비 순금융자산의 보유비중이 낮은 가구는 유동성제약에 직면하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 주택유무에 따른 세분류 연구에서는 자가주택가구가 비자가주택가구에 비해 유동성제약에 직면한 것으로 나타나 자가주택가구의 경우 주택구입을 위해 금융기관으로부터 부채를 차입한다면 주택보유가 오히려 소비의 유동성제약을 해소하기보다는 유동성제약을 초래하는 것으로 판단된다. Unlike previous researches which have mostly used linearized estimation equation we investigate empirically whether Korean households face liquidity constraint based on nonlinear Euler estimation equation. We employ nonlinear panel GMM(generalized method of moments) as an empirical technique and panel data from Korean households are used by classifing two groups: degree of financial assets holding and whether they are property owners. The model which does not consider liquidity constraints does not perform well for households which hold small financial assets and are property owners, but the model including liquidity constraints does not violate liquidity constraint any more. We also find that the large financial asset holding group and non-property ownership group do not face liquidity constraint.
Downregulation of Fumarate Hydratase Is Related to Tumorigenesis in Sporadic Renal Cell Cancer
Ha, Yun-Sok,Chihara, Yoshitomo,Yoon, Hyung-Yoon,Kim, Yong-June,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Woo, Seung Hyo,Yun, Seok-Joong,Kim, Isaac Yi,Hirao, Yoshihiko,Kim, Wun-Jae S. Karger AG 2013 Urologia internationalis Vol.90 No.2
<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Objective:</I></B> Although germline mutations of fumarate hydratase<B> </B>(FH) are a useful molecular marker of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (RCC) syndrome, their clinical significance in sporadic RCC has not been studied in detail. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible correlations between the expression of <I>FH</I> and the clinical implications of sporadic RCC. <B><I>Materials and Methods:</I></B><I>FH</I> mRNA levels were evaluated in 140 tumor specimens from patients with primary RCC and in 62 specimens of corresponding normal-appearing kidney tissue using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 6 normal surrounding tissues and 71 RCC tissues. <B><I>Results:</I></B><I>FH</I> mRNA levels were significantly lower in tumor tissues than in matched normal-appearing kidney tissues (p = 0.031). In all normal tissues, FH staining intensity was strong. However, the expression of <I>FH</I> showed no significant correlation with the pathological and clinical characteristics of patients with sporadic RCC. <B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> Our results showed that <I>FH</I> mRNA expression decreased significantly in correlation with the transition from normal renal parenchyma to RCC. <I>FH</I> may be an indicator or tumorigenesis in sporadic RCC and could be a potential target for therapies against RCC in the future.</P><P>Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
대도시 대리운전 기사의 안전 운행에 영향을 주는 고객의 폭언 및 폭행 실태에 관한 연구
이준희 ( June Hee Lee ),원종욱 ( Jong Uk Won ),노재훈 ( Jae Hoon Roh ),김치년 ( Chi Nyon Kim ),석홍덕 ( Hong Deok Seok ),이완형 ( Wan Hyung Lee ),김영광 ( Yeong Kwang Kim ),황정호 ( Jung Ho Hwang ),윤진하 ( Jin Ha Yoon ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to research ‘Daeri’ drivers who work for drunken customers as a substitute driver. This was the first study in Korea to investigate assault and verbal abuse experienced while employed as a ‘Daeri’ driver. Methods: In this study, we conducted a survey to investigate people who work as ‘Daeri’ drivers. The survey was performed from September 1 to 7, 2014. The participants were 166 adult men and women who work as full-time ‘Daeri’ drivers. Results: Participants who experienced physical violence and assault from the customers to the point of disturbing safe driving in a year were 36.1% of total respondents. People who experienced verbal abuse to the point of disturbing safe driving in a year totaled 80.4% of respondents. In addition, there were also qualitative research results. Conclusions: Acts that impede safe driving are a danger to both passengers and drivers. By protecting the safety of ‘Daeri’ drivers, we will be able to protect the safety of citizens. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort to protect ‘Daeri’ drivers from customer violence. Furthermore, it is also necessary to research policy to emplace a legal system that can protect ‘Daeri`` drivers