Comparison of Fungal Community Structure between Vegetable Soil and Rice Paddy Soil

Juan-Li Lei,Zhi-Hao Xu,Wei-Song Shou,Wen-Qi Dong,Ai-fang Wu,Cheng-Hao Zhang,Hyung Kweon Yun 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Legal Framework of Compensation for Vessel-Source Oil Pollution Damage in China

Hao, Hui-Juan,Chung, Dae 한중법학회 2017 中國法硏究 Vol.30 No.-

중국은 세계 2위의 원유 수입국이라고 할 수 있다. 원유에 대한 수요가 증가함에 따라서 선박으로 인한 유류오염의 리스크가 증가하고 있는 실정이라고 할 수 있다. 선박으로 인한 유류오염손해에 대한 배상제도는 희생자와 해양환경을 보호하는 중요한 수단이다. 중국은 1992년 유류오염손해에 대한 민사책임에 관한 국제협약(CLC of 1992)에 가입하였고, 2009년에는 선박연료유협약(Bunker Convention)이 발효되었다. 중국은 선박기인 유류오염사건에 대처하기 위하여 배상제도에 대한 국내 입법을 지속적으로 추진해 오고 있다. 예를 들면, 2010년 선박기인 해양오염의 예방 및 통제에 관한 규정을 개정하였고, 이와 함께 선박기인 유류오염의 민사책임에 관한 보험가입 규정이 마련되었다. 그런데 중국의 선박기인 유류오염손해에 대한 배상책임제도는 다음과 같은 몇 가지 문제점이 있다. 첫째, 민사적 구제수단보다 행정적 구제수단이 우월하다는 점이다. 둘째, 유류오염손해배상제도의 내용이 추상적이라는 점이다. 셋째, 유류오염손해배상제도의 기본적 내용의 일부가 부재하다는 점이다. 넷째, 유류오염손해배상제도의 관련 기준이 합리적이지 않다는 점이다. 본 논문의 결론으로서 첫째, 유류오염손해배상의 책임의 주체를 구체적으로 규정할 필요가 있다고 본다. 둘째, 유류오염손해배상의 범위를 보다 구체적으로 규정할 필요가 있다고 생각한다. 셋째, 1969년 유류오염손해에 대한 민사책임에 관한 국제협약(CLC of 1969)을 책임제한과 관련하여 국내 유류오염사건에 적용하는 것은 배제하여야 한다고 본다. As the world’s second largest importer of crude oil, China imported more than 335 million tons of crude oil in 2015. However, along with the growing need for crude oil, the risk of oil pollution from ships has also been increasing. Compensation for vessel-source oil pollution is important for protecting the interests of victims as well as the marine environment. China has acceded to the 1992 CLC and the Bunkers Convention. China has not yet formed a complete legal system of civil compensation for oil pollution. The contents of the relevant parties are mainly stipulated in the principles and procedures. It is difficult to coordinate many problems. The construction of laws and regulations lacks rigorous system support. China clearly needs to establish the system of oil pollution damage compensation. This system should include such aspects as follows. First, the subject of liability in the legal relationship of the oil pollution damage compensation should be defined specifically. Second, in respect of scope of compensation, it is necessary to include the costs of cleaning up and the loss and damage caused by pollution because China's current laws and regulations do not make provisions for the scope of compensation for oil pollution damage caused by ships. Third, in respect of limitation of liability, China should be make a new standard to deal with non-foreign oil pollution cases because the 1969 CLC provisions of limitation of liability is too high.

Effect of Harvesting Times on the Fruit Quality in Squashes

Cheng-hao Zhang,Zhi-Hao Xu,Juan-Li Lei,Wei-Song Shou,Wen-Qi Dong,Jae-Wook Lee,Il-Seop Kim,Hyung-Kweon Yun 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Discrimination of Chinese Baijiu grades based on colorimetric sensor arrays

Hao Lin,Wen-cui Kang,Hong-juan Jin,Zhong-xiu Man,Quansheng Chen 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.8

In this study, a novel colorimetric sensor arraybased on chemo dyes including porphyrins and pH indicatorswere developed to analyse the volatile organiccompounds of Chinese Baijiu with different grades. Ethylacetate, ethyl butyrate and ethyl caproate appeared bysignificantly different concentration in different Baijiugrades measuring by gas chromatography and mass spectrometryand they were chosen as characteristic volatileorganic components. The olfactory visualization systembased on colorimetric sensor arrays was used to identifydifferent Baijiu grades. The data were processed bybuilding the principle components analysis, linear discriminantanalysis and K-nearest neighbor classificationmodels with the results of sensory evaluation and olfactoryvisualization system. This work presents a new-style colorimetricsensor using sensitive chemo dyes which hassignificant potential in quantitative analysis of volatileorganic compounds, afterwards identifying different gradesof Baijiu.

Lipase Immobilization on Magnetic Microspheres via Spacer Arms: Effect of Steric Hindrance on the Activity

Dong-Hao Zhang,Ya-Qiong Li,Li-Juan Peng,Na Chen 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.5

Poly(styrene-acrylic acid) magnetic microsphereswith an average diameter of 2 μm were successfullyprepared and used as carriers to immobilize lipase. Lipaseimmobilized on microspheres with no spacer arm exhibitedlow activities, which were attributed to steric hindranceon the lipase conformation. To avoid steric effects,ethylenediamine and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 400/800/4000 were utilized as spacer arms to bind the lipase tothe microspheres. The immobilized lipase activities wereimproved using PEG 800/4000 as a spacer arm. Furthermore,the influence of enzyme loading on lipase activity wasinvestigated, and the results indicated that enzymeoverloading could exert steric effect on lipase activity. Thedegree of PEG modification was demonstrated to affectlipase activity because excess PEG on the surface ofmicrospheres could interact with lipase due to its mobility,consequently reducing lipase activity.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the darkling beetle Gonocephalum outreyi (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) with phylogenetic implications

Nan Song,Hao-Yu Liu,Xiu-Juan Yang,Xincheng Zhao,Ai-Li Lin 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Gonocephalum outreyi was determined by using nextgeneration sequencing approach. The full length of this mitogenome is 15,836 bp, which consists of 37 typical metazoan mitochondrial genes with an identical genome organization to ancestral insects. The majority of the protein-coding genes begin with the codon ATN, except for cox1 and cox2 with AAT and AAA, respectively. To elucidate the phylogenetic position of G. outreyi, we used various sequence coding schemes for protein-coding genes and the combined nucleotide sequences of all mitochondrial genes for tree building under the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood inferences. The phylogenetic results consistently supported G. outreyi as a member of the family Tenebrionidae. The monophyly of both Tenebrionoidea and Tenebrionidae were strongly supported. The Scraptiidae and Melandryidae were recovered to be non-monophyletic in regards to the Osphya. Within Tenebrionidae, the subfamilies Diaperinae and Tenebrioninae were found to be non-monophyletic.

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) Phytochemicals with Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potential

Rokayya, Sami,Li, Chun-Juan,Zhao, Yan,Li, Ying,Sun, Chang-Hao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of cabbage phytochemicals. Materials and Methods: Color coordinates were evaluated by colorimetry, and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were analyzed by spectrophotometer for some common cabbage varieties. Results: Red heads had the highest total antioxidant contents followed by Savoy, Chinese and green heads. The Chinese variety had the highest ABTS (2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-sulfonic acid) antioxidant activity, was 5.72 ${\mu}mol$ TE/g fw (Trolox equivalent). The green variety had the highest DPPH (free radical scavenging activity) antioxidant activity, which was 91.2 ${\mu}mol$ TE/g fw. The red variety had the highest FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) antioxidant activity, which was 80.8 ${\mu}mol$ TE/g fw. The total phenol amounts were 17.2-32.6 mM trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the total flavonoid amounts were 40.0-74.2 mg quercetin per gram. Methanolic extracts of different cabbage heads showed different anti-inflammatory activity values. Chinese, Savoy and green heads had the highest anti-inflammatory activity, while red heads had the lowest. Conclusions: The results suggest that these varieties of cabbage heads could contribute as sources of important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related to the prevention of chronic diseases associated to oxidative stress, such as in cancer and coronary artery disease.

Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates liver fat accumulation by upregulating perilipin expression in adipose tissue of db/db obese mice

Xizhong Yu,Lifang Ye,Hao Zhang,Juan Zhao,Guoqiang Wang,Chao Guo,Wenbin Shang 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), the major active constituent of ginseng, improves insulin sensitivity and exerts antidiabetic effects. We tested whether the insulin-sensitizing and antidiabetic effects of G-Rb1 results from a reduction in ectopic fat accumulation, mediated by inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes. Methods: Obese and diabetic db/db mice were treated with daily doses of 20 mg/kg G-Rb1 for 14 days. Hepatic fat accumulation was evaluated by measuring liver weight and triglyceride content. Levels of blood glucose and serum insulin were used to evaluate insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Lipolysis in adipocytes was evaluated by measuring plasma-free fatty acids and glycerol release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with G-Rb1. The expression of relevant genes was analyzed by western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: G-Rb1 increased insulin sensitivity and alleviated hepatic fat accumulation in obese diabetic db/ db mice, and these effects were accompanied by reduced liver weight and hepatic triglyceride content. Furthermore, G-Rb1 lowered the levels of free fatty acids in obese mice, which may contribute to a decline in hepatic lipid accumulation. Corresponding to these results, G-Rb1 significantly suppressed lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and upregulated the perilipin expression in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mouse epididymal fat pads. Moreover, G-Rb1 increased the level of adiponectin and reduced that of tumor necrosis factor-a in obese mice, and these effects were confirmed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion: G-Rb1 may improve insulin sensitivity in obese and diabetic db/db mice by reducing hepatic fat accumulation and suppressing adipocyte lipolysis; these effects may be mediated via the upregulation of perilipin expression in adipocytes.

Metformin enhances the osteogenic activity of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus: an in vitro and in vivo study

Kai Dong,Wen-Juan Zhou,Zhong-Hao Liu 대한치주과학회 2023 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.53 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether metformin (MF) could alleviate the expresssion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from diabetic rats (drBMSCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs in a nude mouse model in vivo. Methods: BMSCs were extracted from normal and diabetic rats. In vitro, a cell viability assay (Cell Counting Kit-8), tests of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and western blot analysis were first used to determine the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs that were subjected to treatment with different concentrations of MF (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 μM). The cells were then divided into 5 groups: (1) normal rat BMSCs (the BMSCs derived from normal rats group), (2) the drBMSCs group, (3) the drBMSCs + Mito-TEMPO (10 μM, ROS scavenger) group, (4) the drBMSCs + MF (200 μM) group, and (5) the drBMSCs + MF (200 μM) + H2O2 (50 μM, ROS activator) group. Intracellular ROS detection, a senescenceassociated β-galactosidase assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine the effects of MF on oxidative stress and osteogenic differentiation in drBMSCs. In vivo, the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs was evaluated in a nude mouse model. Results: MF effectively reduced ROS levels in drBMSCs. The cell proliferation, ALP activity, mineral deposition, and osteogenic-related protein expression of drBMSCs were demonstrably higher in the MF-treated group than in the non-MF-treated group. H2O2 inhibited the effects of MF. In addition, ectopic osteogenesis was significantly increased in drBMSCs treated with MF. Conclusions: MF promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs by inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by diabetes and enhenced the ectopic bone formation of drBMSCs in nude mice.

Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms with Survival of Breast Cancer Patients Using Tamoxifen: Results of a Meta-analysis

Bai, Lan,He, Juan,He, Gong-Hao,He, Jian-Chang,Xu, Fan,Xu, Gui-Li Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: Previous studies accessing the association of CYP2C19 with outcomes of patients using tamoxifen for breast cancer have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this meta-analysis is to obtain a more precise estimate of effects of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and to clarify their effects on survival of the breast cancer patients using tamoxifen. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed, comparing patients with or without $CYP2C19^*2$ and $CYP2C19^*17$, relevant articles searched for. The following outcomes were included from the eligible studies: disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), expressed by hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analysis by genotypes was also performed. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effect model in accordance to the heterogeneity. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. The integrated OR on the association between CYP2C19 and DFS, calculated by the random-effect model, was 0.54 (95%CI=0.34-0.84, p=0.013). Subgroup analysis showed that both $CYP2C19^*2$ and $CYP2C19^*17$ were associated with increased survival. The pooled results of two studies for OS were OR=0.46 (95%CI=0.21-1.01, p=0.233). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the $CYP2C19^*2$ and $CYP2C19^*17$ genotypes are associated with increased survival in breast cancer patients using tamoxifen.