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Lee, Juyeun,Park, Nogi,Park, Joo Youn,Kaplan, Barbara L. F.,Pruett, Stephen B.,Park, Juw Won,Park, Yong Ho,Seo, Keun Seok American Association of Immunologists 2018 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>Superantigens (SAgs) produced by <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> at high concentrations induce proliferation of T cells bearing specific TCR Vβ sequences and massive cytokinemia that cause toxic shock syndrome. However, the biological relevance of SAgs produced at very low concentrations during asymptomatic colonization or chronic infections is not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that suboptimal stimulation of human PBMCs with a low concentration (1 ng/ml) of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1, at which half-maximal T cell proliferation was observed, induced CD8<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> T cells expressing markers related to regulatory T cells (Tregs), such as IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, FOXP3, CD28, CTLA4, TNFR2, CD45RO, and HLA-DR. Importantly, these CD8<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> T cells suppressed responder cell proliferation mediated in contact-dependent and soluble factor–dependent manners, involving galectin-1 and granzymes, respectively. In contrast, optimal stimulation of human PBMCs with a high concentration (1 μg/ml) of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1, at which maximal T cell proliferation was observed, also induced similar expression of markers related to Tregs, including FOXP3 in CD8<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> cells, but these T cells were not functionally immunosuppressive. We further demonstrated that SAg-induced TCR Vβ–restricted and MHC class II–restricted expansion of immunosuppressive CD8<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> T cells is independent of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Our results suggest that the concentration of SAg strongly affects the functional characteristics of activated T cells, and low concentrations of SAg produced during asymptomatic colonization or chronic <I>S. aureus</I> infection induce immunosuppressive CD8<SUP>+</SUP> Tregs, potentially promoting colonization, propagation, and invasion of <I>S. aureus</I> in the host.</P>
간호대학생의 생의 의미와 정서지능이 죽음에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향
김주연(Kim, JuYeun),이경희(Lee, KyoungHee) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.24
본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 생의 의미와 정서지능, 죽음에 대한 태도를 파악하고 생의 의미와 정서지능이 죽음에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 파악하여, 간호 교육과정에서 생의 주기에 대한 이해와 죽음에 대한 긍정적 태도형성을 위한 적절한 교육 프로그램 개발 시 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 일 대학 간호대학생 1∼4학년 140명을 대상으로 2018년 10월 26일부터 31일까지 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 온라인으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 최종 131부가 분석에 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 주요 변수들의 서술적 통계와 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 간호대학생의 생의 의미 점수는 생의 의미 추구단계였으며, 정서지능은 일반대학생들보다 높게 나타났고, 죽음에 대한 태도는 긍정적-부정적 사이의 중간 단계로 나타났다. 둘째, 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 죽음에 대한 태도에서 차이를 보인 특성은 종교가 있는 경우와 임상실습 경험이 있는 경우에 죽음에 대한 태도가 유의하게 더 긍정적이었다. 셋째, 대상자의 생의 의미와 정서지능, 정서지능과 죽음에 대한 태도에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 넷째, 대상자의 죽음에 대한 태도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 종교유무와 정서 지능으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 간호대학생의 생의 주기에 대한 이해와 죽음에 대한 긍정적인 태도 형성을 위해 간호교육과정에서 영성 및 정서지능 향상을 위한 대처전략을 마련하고 중재 프로그램을 마련해야함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaning in life, emotional intelligence, and attitudes toward death of nursing students, and to investigate the influence of meaning in life and emotional intelligence on attitudes toward death, and to provide basic data for development of appropriate education programs for understanding the life cycle and forming a positive attitude toward death in nursing education curriculum. For this purpose, 140 nursing students in the first to fourth grade of college were collected online using structured questionnaires. A total of 131 students were included in the final analysis except for the 9 who did not agree with the study. Using SPSS 22.0 program, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis of major variables were performed. The results of the study are as follows. First, the mean score of meaning in life of nursing students was higher than that of general college students, and the attitude toward death was intermediate between positive and negative. Second, attitude toward death was significantly more positive in the presence of religion and clinical experience than in the general characteristics of the subjects. Third, the meaning in life with emotional intelligence, and emotional intelligence with attitude toward death were significantly correlated. Fourth, the factors influencing on the attitude toward death were religion and emotional intelligence. The results of this study suggest that nursing students should develop coping strategies and improve intervention programs for improving spirituality and emotional intelligence in nursing curriculum in order to understand the life cycle and to create a positive attitude toward death.
조용준(Cho, Yongjoon),이주연(Lee, Juyeun),안희돈(Ahn, Hee-Don) 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2019 통일인문학 Vol.80 No.-
본 연구는 체화(embodiment), 혹은 다면성(multimodality)을 인류세적 통합언어학의 관점에서 어떻게 연구할 것인지에 대해 다면적 전사의 유형을 제시하고 한국어에서의 다면성에 대한 구체적인 전사 원칙을 제안한 후 이와 같은 다면적 접근이 언어 연구에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지를 한국어 의문문에서의 시선 처리를 중심으로 논의하였다. 다면성을 전사하는 방식에는 크게 대본 형식의 전사 방식(play-script transcription), 표 형식의 전사 방식(tabular transcription), 타임라인 형식의 전사 방식(timeline transcription), 이미지기반 전사 방식(image-based transcription) 등이 있다. 이중 대본 형식의 전사 방식이 언어 연구에 유용하며 이 방식의 대표적인 다면적 전사 원칙인 Mondada1)를 한국어에 맞춰 수정·제안하였다. 이와 같은 다면적 전사에 기초한 방법론을 한국어 의문문의 시선 처리에 적용해 본 결과, 서술문에 비해 의문문에서 상대방에 대한 시선 집중도가 상대적으로 높았으며 특히 상황의존형 어미로 끝나는 의문문이 의문형 어미로 끝나는 의문문에 비해, 그리고 상황의존형 중에서는 의문사가 없는 의문문이, 있는 의문문에 비해 청자에 대한 시선 집중도가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 청자의 반응 요구라는 질문 행위와 언어적 지표의 공모성을 보여준다는 점에서 다면적 대화 분석의 유효성을 실증해 준다고 할 수 있다. In recent years, studies concerning multimodal conversation analyses (CA) have bourgeoned. These analyses address the interplay of talk and bodily conduct in relation to social actions and activities. These studies build upon an ecological view of language in the Anthropocene era. Specifically, they address the contributions of visual orientation, gesture and other forms of bodily comportment to developing coherent communication strategies. The present study details various multimodal CA methodologies and multimodal transcript conventions. They indicate that an activity’s multimodal (or embodied) accomplishments may be underpinned by studies of language use and talk in CA. Specifically, these accomplishments may be subject to situated, interactional, and sequential analysis. The view of language advocated in this framework correlates with an “Anthropocenic” premise; namely, that language and its behavior should be integrated in a unified, ecological, “mind-body-world” framework. In this formulation, cognition is treated as ecosocially adaptive intelligence.
Ashley Stevens Chenn,Hyunhwan Aiden Lee,Sze Man Chong,Juyeun Jang,Chung-Wha Chloe Ki 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) exploded onto the global digital landscape in 2020, spurred by pandemic-related lockdowns and government stimulus (Ossinger, 2021). An NFT is a unit of data stored on a blockchain that represents or authenticates digital or physical items (Nadini, 2021). Since it resides on a blockchain, NFTs carry the benefits of decentralization, anti-tampering, and traceability (Joy et al., 2022). Fashion brands quickly capitalized on these features, launching fashion NFT collections and garnering significant profits from the sale of fashion NFTs in 2021 (Zhao, 2021). For example, Nike’s December 2021 acquisition of RTFKT (pronounced “artifact”) resulted in USD 185 million in sales less than a year after their acquisition (Marr, 2022).
Park, Joo Youn,Kim, Jong Wan,Moon, Bo Youn,Lee, Juyeun,Fortin, Ye Ji,Austin, Frank W.,Yang, Soo-Jin,Seo, Keun Seok American Society for Microbiology 2015 Infection and immunity Vol.83 No.4
<P>Hexose phosphate is an important carbon source within the cytoplasm of host cells. Bacterial pathogens that invade, survive, and multiply within various host epithelial cells exploit hexose phosphates from the host cytoplasm through the <U>h</U>exose <U>p</U>hosphate <U>t</U>ransport (HPT) system to gain energy and synthesize cellular components. In <I>Escherichia coli</I>, the HPT system consists of a two-component regulatory system (UhpAB) and a phosphate sensor protein (UhpC) that tightly regulate expression of a hexose phosphate transporter (UhpT). Although growing evidence suggests that <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> also can invade, survive, and multiply within various host epithelial cells, the genetic elements involved in the HPT system in <I>S. aureus</I> have not been characterized yet. In this study, we identified and characterized the HPT system in <I>S. aureus</I> that includes the <I>hptRS</I> (a novel two-component regulatory system), the <I>hptA</I> (a putative phosphate sensor), and the <I>uhpT</I> (a hexose phosphate transporter) genes. The <I>hptA</I>, <I>hptRS</I>, and <I>uhpT</I> markerless deletion mutants were generated by an allelic replacement method using a modified pMAD-CM-GFPuv vector system. We demonstrated that both <I>hptA</I> and <I>hptRS</I> are required to positively regulate transcription of <I>uhpT</I> in response to extracellular phosphates, such as glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), and fosfomycin. Mutational studies revealed that disruption of the <I>hptA</I>, <I>hptRS</I>, or <I>uhpT</I> gene impaired the growth of bacteria when the available carbon source was limited to G6P, impaired survival/multiplication within various types of host cells, and increased resistance to fosfomycin. The results of this study suggest that the HPT system plays an important role in adaptation of <I>S. aureus</I> within the host cells and could be an important target for developing novel antistaphylococcal therapies.</P>