韓國人에서 重合酵素反應으로 檢索되는 COL2A1 遺傳座位의 對立遺傳子 頻度

黃迪駿,明賢君,李羲碩,郭明宰 大韓法醫學會 1994 대한법의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

With the human genomic DNAs obtained from 128 unrelated Korean, the VNTR region 3' to the collagen type Ⅱ gene(COL2A1) was amplified in vitro by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and separated by 3% agarose(2% Nusieve and 1% Seakem) and 4% polyacrylamide gel' and analyzed to get the population genetic data for COL2A1 VNTR allele such as allele and genotype frequencies, and hetrozygosity were calculated based on the amplified fragments length polymorphism(AMP-FLP). 1. In 128 unrdlated Korean, 4 allelic variants(K2, K3, K4, and K5) at COL2A1 VNTR locus are observed, but K1 allele which was also observed in other study was not. 2. The observed allele frequencies for K4, K5, k3 and k2 are 0.519, 0.383, 0.094 and 0.008, respectively. 3. Of 10 possible genotypes, only 4 heterozygous genotypes(K5/K4, K5/K3, k4/K3, K4/K2) and 2 homozygous genotypes(K5/K5, K4/K4) are observed. However, the observed numgers of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes(46 and 82, respectively) are not significatly different from their expectations, 53.3 and 74.7. 4. The observed genotype frequencies are ordered as K5/K4(0.445), K4/K4(0,242), K5/K5(0.117), K5/K3(0.086) and K4/K2(0.086), which are in accordance with the Hardy-weinberg prediction based on the observed allele frequencies. 5. The overall heterozygosity at this locus is 0.563, while its expectation based on the allele frequencies is 0.584

TiN 코팅이 전기도금한 교정용 스테인레스스틸 선재의 세포독성에 미치는 영향

최준규,조진형,황현식,박병주 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.4

This study was performed to investigate whether TiN coating could reduce the cytotoxicity of electroplated orthodontic stainless steel wire which had been known to be cytotoxic. Nickel plating was done on stainless steel wire using a electroplating technique. Some of the electroplated wires were coated by TiN film and 4 groups of specimen were prepared (Non-coated electroplated wire, TiN coated electroplated wire, Titanium which was known to have no cytotoxicity, Copper which was known to have high cytotoxicity). Each wire was incubated for 72 hours on the medium. The release of the metal ion was measured by ICP-AES. The incubated medium was diluted 75 %, 50%, 25 % and added on each microplate with Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast for MTT analysis and compared with medium only. Through the measuring of the change in absorbency value of each wire group and the difference of absorbency value according to change of dilution, following results were obtained. 1. The results of ICP-AES analysis showed that lots of nickel ions were isolated from non-coated wires but not isolated from TiN coated wires. 2. The inverted microscope showed that there was a decrease in cell count in non-coated wires but no significant change in TiN coated wires. 3. The results of MTT analysis showed that there was no difference in the absorbency value between TiN coated wires and medium and between titanium and medium but the absorbency value of non-coated wires and copper were lower than that of medium only at all dilution and showed statistically significant differences(p<0.001). 4. Assessment as per ISO 10993, part 5, non-coated wires and copper investigated corresponded to "moderately cytotoxic" and "highly cytotoxic" ; whereas titanium and TiN coated wires were alloted to "non-cytotoxic". The results of the present study indicate that the cytotoxicity of the electroplated orthodontic wire can be changed from "moderately cytotoxic" to "nontoxic" by TiN coating and electroplated wire can be used clinically without the concern of cytotoxicity.

설측브라켓 부착시 위치오차에 관한 연구

최준규,황현식,김종철 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 설측브라켓 부착시 부착방법에 따른 위치오차를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 교정환자 20명의 초진시 석고모형을 연구대상으로 하여, 초진모형의 각 치면에 긴밀하게 브라켓을 부착하는 방법, 치아재배열을 시행한 후 치면에 긴밀하게 부착하는 방법 그리고 치아재배열을 시행하고 이상호선을 제작한 후 브라켓을 결찰하여 부착하는 passive bracketing의 3가지 방법으로 브라켓을 부착한 후 각 방법으로 부착된 브라켓의 위치오차를 측정 및 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 각도오차 분석결과, 치아재배열을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 제1소구치와 하악견치의 위치오차가 타 방법에 비하여 크게 나타났으며, passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 중절치, 하악 제1·제2소구치에서 그 위치오차가 크게 나타났다. 2. 토크오차 분석결과, 치아재배열을 시행하지 않은 경우 하악 제2소구치의 위치오차가 타 방법에 비해 크게 나타났으며 passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 전 치아와 하악 제1·제2소구치에서 그 위치오차가 크게 나타났다. 3. 회전오차 분석결과, passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 중절치간, 하악 중절치간, 하악 측절치와 중절치사이 그리고 하악 견치와 측절치 사이에서 그 위치오차가 크게 나타났다. 4. 내외오차 분석결과, passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 견치와 측절치 사이에서 위치오차가 타 방법에 비해 크게 나타났으며, passive bracketing을 시행하지 않은 경우 상악 중절치간, 측절치와 중절치 사이, 제1·제2소구치사이, 하악 측절치와 중절치 사이, 견치와 측절치 사이에서 그 위치오차가 크게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 설측교정술의 경우 브라켓 간접부착 술식을 사용하더라도 상당량의 위치오차가 나타나며, 이는 passive bracketing으로 줄일 수 있음을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the positioning errors according to the method of bonding lingual brackets. Dental models of twenty orthodontic patients with malocclusion were selected for this study. The positioning errors were measured on each model that brackets were bonded to. Three different bonding methods were used. For the first method, the bracket was bonded intimately to the lingual surface of the model. For the second method, the bracket was bonded intimately to the lingual surface after setting up using articulator. The passive bracketing, bonding the bracket ligated first to ideal archwire, was used after setting up as the last method. The results were as follows: 1. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater angulation errors in the upper 1st premolar and the lower canine than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater positioning errors in upper central incisor, lower 1st and 2nd premolars. 2. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater torque error in lower 2nd premolar than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater torque errors in all upper teeth, lower 1st and 2nd premolars. 3. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater rotation errors between upper central incisors, lower central incisors, lower lateral and central incisor, lower canine and lateral incisor. 4. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater in-out errors between upper canine and lateral incisor than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater in-out errors between upper central incisors upper central and lateral incisors, upper 1st and 2nd premolars, lower lateral and central incisors, lower canine and lateral incisor. These results suggest that there is a large amount of positioning error in lingual brackets even by an indirect bonding technique, and it may be reduced by passive bracketing.

설측브라켓 부착시 위치오차에 관한 연구

최준규,황현식 전남대학교 치과대학 1996 전남치대논문집 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the positioning errors according to the method of bonding lingual brackets. Dental models of twenty orthodontic patients with malocclusion were selected for this study. The positioning errors were measured on each model that brackets were bonded to . Three different bonding methods were used. For the first method, the bracket was bonded intimately to the lingual surface of the model. For the second method, the bracket was bonded intimately to the lingual surface after setting up using articulator. The passive bracketing, bonding the bracket ligated first to ideal archwire, was used after setting up as the last method. The results were as follows : 1. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater angulation errors in the upper 1st premolar and the lower canine than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater positioning errors in upper central incisor, lower 1st and 2nd premolars. 2. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater torque error in lower 2nd premolar than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater torque errors in all upper teeth, lower 1st and 2nd premolars. 3. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater rotation errors between upper central incisors, lower central incisors, lower lateral and central incisor, lower canine and lateral incisor. 4. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater in-out errors between upper canine and lateral incisor than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater in-out errors between upper central incisors, upper central and lateral incisors, upper 1st and 2nd premolars, lower lateral and central incisors, lower canine and lateral incisor. These results suggest that there is a large amount of positioning error in lingual brackets even by an indirect bonding technique, and it may be reduced by passive bracketing.

고정식 교정환자에서 치주건강 유지에 대한 전동치솔의 효과

박성준,황현식,이기헌,경승현 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.2

Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances frequently show ineffective plaque control caused by these orthodontic appliances. Although many methods may be helpful in reducing dental plaque formation, optimal mechanical plaque removal and oral hygiene instruction are the most important factors during orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush, with a specially designed orthodontic brush head, compared to a manual toothbrush on periodontal health in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups, the electric and the manual toothbrush groups, 1 month after attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Periodontal status was measured using a plaque index, a gingival index, a bleeding index, a pocket depth and a relative attachment loss, at baseline and after 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months. Oral hygiene instruction was given according to the type of toothbrush used. The Braun Oral-B Plak Control with Ortho OD 15-1 brush was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G. U. M 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. By comparing between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups, the following results were obtained: 1. In the manual toothbrush group, the gingival and bleeding indices showed no statistically significant differences. but the plaque index was significantly decreased (p<0.001) and pocket depth as well as relative attachment loss were significantly increased (p<0.01). 2. In the electric toothbrush group, the bleeding index, pocket depth and relative attachment loss showed no statistically significant differences, but the plaque and gingival indices were significantly decreased (p<0.001). 3. In the case of the plaque, gingival and bleeding indices, there were no statistically significant differences between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. On the contrary, in the case of pocket depth and relative attachment loss, there were statistically significant differences between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups: an increase in the manual toothbrush groups unlike the electric toothbrush groups keeping the same state (p<0.05). These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful to orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

韓國人에서 VNTR D1S80 遺傳座位의 遺傳的 多樣性 및 集團의 均質性 檢定

明賢君,黃迪駿,洪鎔杓,金致弘 大韓法醫學會 1994 대한법의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Human genomic DNA prepared from whole blood sample was analyzed to estimate allelic frequencies and genetic diversity at a hypervariable variable number of tandem repeats(VNTR) D1S80 locus in 127 Korean. Target DNA fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Then, the following results were obtained. 1. A total of 23 alleles were identified at this locus, which is the biggest number of alleles observed at this locus so far(cf. 16 from U. S. Caucasians and 15 from Finnish). 2. Sixty-two genotypes, included 3 homozygotes and 59 heterozygotes, out of a total of 276 probable genotypes were also observed, which might be resulted from the small sample size compared to the number of alleles observed in this study. 3. General pattern of allelic distributions was concordant with those observed in previous studies from Finnish and U. S. Causccasians where two alleles, M18 and M23, were observed most frequently and the rest of them were observed rare(<10%) with the exception of M30 allele(14.6%) in Korean. The number of M30 allele is suspected to be increased in Korean at or after the divergence of Korean from the hypothetical ancestor probably caused by random genetic drift such as founder effect of bottleneck effect. 4. Higher level of heterozygosity was obtained in Korean(H=0.866 and H=0.881) than in Finnish(H=0.77 and H=0.79) and U. S. Cauccasians(H=0.808 and H=0.797). 5. Population homogeneity was tested to corroborate the obtained population genetic parameters calculated based on the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which could be done by Chi-square test between the observed number of alleles and the expected number of alleles, because of the small sample size analyzed in this study which resulted in high proportion of undetected genotypes (78.5%) and several genotypes significantly deviated from hardy-Weinberg expectation in a sample population. The result suggests that samples were drawn from geneticically homogeneous population. 6. This study suggests that Korean is more diversified than Finnish and U. S. Cauccasians on the basis of the number of alleles and the level of heterozygosity, although Korean is known to be entirely composed of single race. Though we need more informations from other Asian countries, this result suggests frequent gene flow from neighbor countries, which is also expected based on the old Korean history of frequent invasions from Japan and China. 7. Based on the Hardy-Weinberg expectation, 216 out of 253 genotypes at D1S80 locus can be shared by less than 5 individuals among 1,000 unrelated individuals by chance. Our results suggest that the analysis of VNTR D1S80 locus can provide powerful, but imperfect by itself, DNA markers for forensic study, which can be corroborated by analyzing additional VNTR loci.

고정식 교정환자에서 치주건강 유지에 대한 전동치솔의 효과

박성준,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.4

고정식 교정치료 환자들은 구강내 교정장치로 인해 치태제거에 어려움이 있으며 보다 효과적인 치태제거를 위해서는 특별한 구강위생교육 및 치솔질이 필요하다. 본 연구는 고정식 교정치료 환자에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 교정용 수동치솔에 비해 전동치솔이 치주건강 유지에 도움이 되는지 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 고정식 교정장치에 의해교정치료 예정인 환자 40명을 대상으로 고정식 교정장치 부착 1개월 후 치솔의 종류에 따라 전동치솔군과 수동치솔군으로 연구대상을 임의 구분하고 각각에 맞는 구강위생교육을 시행한 후 3개월, 6개월, 9개월, 12개월 후 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수, 치주낭깊이, 그리고 상대적부착상실을 측정하였다. 전동치솔의 경우 교정용 브러쉬 헤드를 가진 Braun Oral-B 사의 전동치솔을, 수동치솔의 경우 Butler 사의 교정용 치솔을 사용하게 하였다. 수동치솔군의 경우 실험기간 동안 치태지수는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소한 반면 (p<0.001), 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수는 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않았고, 치주낭깊이, 부착상실은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.01). 전동치솔군의 경우에는 치은출혈지수와 함께 치주낭깊이, 부착상실이 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않았으며, 치태지수, 치은염지수는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다 (p<0.001). 한편 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수의 경우 변화양상에 있어 전동치솔군과 수동치솔군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 치주낭깊이와 부착상실의 경우 전동치솔군에서는 처음 상태가 일정하게 유지된 반면, 수동치솔군에서는 치주낭깊이와 부착상실이 증가하는 양상을 나타내었으며 이러한 변화양상의 수동치솔과 전동치솔간 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 고정식 교정장치로 치료받는 환자에서 수동치솔보다 전동치솔이 치주건강 유지에 더 효과적임을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush, with a specially designed orthodontic brush head, compared to a manual toothbrush on the periodontal health of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups, the electric and the manual toothbrush groups, 1 month after attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Periodontal status was measured using a plaque indes, a gingival index, a bleeding index, a pocket depth and a relative attachment loss, at baseline and after 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months. The Braun Oral-B Plak Control with Ortho OD 15-1 brush head was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G.U.M 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. In the manual toothbrush group, the gingival and bleeding indices showed no statistlcally significant differences, but the plaque index was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and pocket depth as well as relative attachment loss were significantly increased (p < 0.01). In the electric toothbrush group, the bleeding index, pocket depth and relative attachment loss showed no statistically significant differences, but the plaque and gingival indices were significantly decreased (p < 0.001).In the case of the plaque, gingival and bleeding indices, there were no statistically significant differences between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. On the contrary, in the case of pocket depth and relative attachment loss, there were statistically significant differences between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups: an increase in the manual toothbrush groups unlike the electric toothbrush group which kept the same state (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful for orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

백서에서 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직섬유의 재형성에 미치는 영향

정권희,박영준,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 실험적 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직섬유의 물리적 강도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 체중 200g 내외의 Sprague-Dawley계 백서 수컷에서 상악 양측 제1대구치와 2대구치 사이에 교정용 고무줄을 삽입하여 4일 동안 치아를 이동시킨 다음, 각 실험동물의 하악 좌측 베1, 2, 3대구치를 발치하여 우측은 대합치가 있는 교합측으로, 좌측은 비교합측으로 구분하였다. 상악 제1대구치와 2대구치 사이의 인접면에 유지구를 형성하고 광중합형 레진으로 채워 보정을 시행한 후 시작 0일, 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일 또는 20일 경과한 후 백서를 희생시킨 다음, 만능물성 시험기를 이용하여 상악 제1대구치를 발치할 때 필요한 최대인장강도를 측정 좌우간 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교합측은 비보정군에서 보정 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일, 20일군으로 갈수록 최대인장강도사 증가하였고, 보정 12일군 이후부터 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 비교합측은 비보정군에서 4일, 8일, 12일, 16일, 20일군으로 갈수록 최대인장강도가 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05) 3. 교합측과 비교합측의 최대인장강도를 비교한 결과 보정 8일군까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 (p>0.05), 보정 12일군 이후 보정 20일군까지 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 실험적 치아이동 후 보정기간 동안 교합이 치주조직 섬유의 재형성에 영향을 미침으로 보정장치의 선택, 기간설정 등 보정계획서 교합에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to valuate the effect of occlusion on the mechanical strength of periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement. In the Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200g or more, the intraoral elastics were inserted into the both right and left interproximal space between upper first and second molars for tooth movement. After 4 days later, the left lower first, second, and third molars were extracted for differentiating the non-occlusal side from the occlusal side in the same mouth. At the same time the elastics were removes and than light cured resin was placed in the space between upper first and second molard following undercut was made for retention bilaterally. From the beginning of retention, 7 rats were sacrificed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 days respectively. For evaluating of magnitude on the mechanical strength of periodontal tissue, the maximal shear load of the upper first molars were measured bilaterally during extraction using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. In the occlusal side, the maximal shear load was increased from no retention to retention 20 days group as time was going and statistically difference was shown from retention 12 days group (p<0.05). 2. In the non-occlusal side, the maximal shear load was increased slightly from no retention 20 days group as time was going but there was no statistically difference (p>0.05) 3. The result compared with the maximal shear load between occlusal and nonocclusal side showed no statistically difference until retention 8 day group (p>0.05), but showed statistically difference from retention 12 day to 20 day group (p<0.05). These results show that occlusion had an effect on mechanical strength of the periodontal fibers during retention periods after experimental tooth movement; therefore, it is suggested that occlusion should be considered while the retainer types and retention period are planned.

Reproducibility of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness Measurements Using Cone-Beam CT Images According to the Measurement Methods.

Hwang, Hyeon-Shik,Choe, Seon-Yeong,Hwang, Ji-Sup,Moon, Da-Nal,Hou, Yanan,Lee, Won-Joon,Wilkinson, Caroline Callaghan and Co 2015 Journal of forensic sciences Vol.60 No.4

<P>The purpose of this study was to establish the reproducibility of facial soft tissue (ST) thickness measurements by comparing three different measurement methods applied at 32 landmarks on three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Two observers carried out the measurements of facial ST thickness of 20 adult subjects using CBCT scan data, and inter- and intra-observer reproducibilities were evaluated. The measurement method of 'perpendicular to bone' resulted in high inter- and intra-observer reproducibility at all 32 landmarks. In contrast, the 'perpendicular to skin' method and 'direct' method, which measures a distance between one point on bone and the other point on skin, presented low reproducibility. The results indicate that reproducibility could be increased by identifying the landmarks on hard tissue images, rather than on ST images, and the landmark description used in this study can be used in the establishment of reliable tissue depth data using CBCT images.</P>

P223 : Clinical and histologic study of pigmented purpuric dermatoses

( Sang Hyeon Hwang ),( Jung In Kim ),( Jung Min ),( Hyun Min Seo ),( Heun Joo Lee ),( Yoon Hwan Kim ),( Joon Hong Min ),( Joon Lee ),( Seung Jae Lee ),( Ji Hye Park ),( Ga Young Lee ),( Soo Hong Park 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) are chronic and relapsing disorders characterized by asymmetrical rash of petechial and pigmentary macules confined to the lower limbs. Clinical and histopathological study of PPD has not been conducted in Korea. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histopathological features of PPD in Koreans. Methods: We reviewed all the medical records, photographs and histopathological slides of 35 patients who had been diagnosed with PPD at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital between January 2008 and June 2013. Results: The mean duration of disease was 26.5 months, and both legs were most frequently involved site (85.7%). Most of the patients were asymptomatic (74.2%). Patients were treated with topical or systemic steroid in 30 cases (85.7%) and 9 patients were added tranexamic acid but there was no difference in the clinical course according to the treatment. The identified etiologic factors were orthostatic pressure (17.1%) and exercise (5.7%). Patients without etiologic factors had more frequent incidence of medical problems (p<0.05). The major microscopic features of the lesions of PPD were perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltration, extravasated erythrocytes and hemosiderin deposition. Conclusion: The results of this study may help clinicians to diagnose PPD and it should be included in differential diagnosis when cutaneous lesions especially show asymptomatic persisting rash on both lower legs.