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409L페라이트계스테인리스강CO2레이저용접부의미세조직과경도
공종판 ( Jong Pan Kong ),박태준 ( Tae Jun Park ),나혜성 ( Hye Sung Na ),엄상호 ( Sang Ho Uhm ),김정길 ( Jeong Kim Kim ),우인수 ( In Su Woo ),이종섭 ( Jong Sub Lee ),강정윤 ( Chung Yun Kang ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2010 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.48 No.4
The microstructure and hardness of CO2 laser welds were investigated in the Ti-stabilized ferritic stainless steel 409L. The observed specimen was welded in a fully penetrated condition in which the power was 5 kW and the welding speed 5 m/min. The grain structure near the bond line of the laser welds was produced by epitaxial growth. The grain size was the largest in the fusion zone, and HAZ showed nearly the same grain size as that of the base metal. The HAZ microstructure consisted of subgrains and precipitates that were less than l00 nm in size and that were located along the subgrain boundaries. On the other hand, the hardness was the highest in the fusion zone due to the large amount of small precipitates present. These were composed of TiN, Ti(C,N) and TiO2+Ti(C,N). The hardness decreased continuously from the fusion zone of the base metal. The HAZ hardness was slightly greater than that of the base metal due to the existence of subgrains and precipitates in the subgrain boundary. (Received January 13, 2010)
Forearm Muscle Activity Patterns during Open Thyroidectomy Using 8-Channel Surface Electromyography
Yun Suk Choi,Hyun-jin Joo,Jong-Hyuk Ahn,Hyoun-Joong Kong,Jin Wook Yi 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2021 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.21 No.1
Purpose: Quantitative analysis of forearm muscle movements during actual surgery has not yet been performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate forearm muscle activity patterns during open thyroid lobectomy using 8-channel surface electromyography, specifically Myo gesture-control arm bands. Methods: We developed a raw-signal recording program based on output from a Myo device. Eight Myo electrodes were allocated to the following adjacent forearm muscles: pronator teres (PT), brachioradialis (BR), extensor carpi radialis & brevis (ECR), extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), palmaris longus (PL), and flexor carpi radialis (FCR). EMG signals were measured from the time of skin incision to the end of thyroid lobectomy. Root mean square (RMS) value was used to indicate muscle activity during surgery. Results: Total of 10 thyroid lobectomies (5 right and 5 left lobectomies) were performed with Myo devices. The right arm muscles had higher RMS values than the left arm muscles (mean RMS 632.427 versus 367.170, P<0.001). In the right arm, PT, BR, ECR, FCU, PL and FCR showed higher mean RMS values, which means that the right arm made a greater variety of movements than the left arm. Only ED and ECU showed higher mean RMS values in the left arm, which means that the left arm muscles acted to counteract the motion of the right arm. Conclusion: We are the first to quantitatively evaluate forearm muscle activity patterns during thyroid lobectomy. More detailed research will be needed to apply our results in other surgical fields.
Effect of Indium Mole Fraction on the Diode Characteristics of ZnO:In/p-Si(111) Heterojunctions
Lee, Jong Hoon,Jang, Bo Ra,Lee, Ju Young,Kim, Hong Seung,Jang, Nak Won,Kong, Bo Hyun,Cho, Hyung Koun,Bae, Ki Ryeol,Lee, Won Jae,Yun, Young IOP Publishing 2011 Japanese journal of applied physics Vol.50 No.r3